The Xi奚
1The Kumo Xi
奚，本曰庫莫奚，其先東部胡宇文之別種也。初爲慕容晃所破，遺落者竄匿松漠之間。俗甚不潔淨，而善射獵，好爲寇抄。登國三年，道武親自出討，至弱水南大破之，獲其馬、牛、羊、豕十餘萬。帝曰：「此群狄諸種，不識德義，鼠竊狗盜，何足爲患？今中州大亂，吾先平之，然後張其威懷，則無所不服矣。」既而車駕南遷，十數年間，諸種與庫莫奚亦皆滋盛。及開遼海，置戍和龍，諸夷震懼，各獻方物。文成、獻文之世，庫莫奚歲致名馬、文皮。孝文初，遣使朝貢。太和四年，輒入塞內，辭以畏地豆幹抄掠，詔書切責之。二十二年，入寇安州，時營、燕、幽三州兵數千人擊走之。後復款附，每求入塞交易。宣武詔曰：「庫莫奚去太和二十一年以前，與安、營二州邊人參居，交易往來，並無欺貳。至二十二年叛逆以來，遂爾遠竄。今雖款附，猶在塞表，每請入塞，與百姓交易。若抑而不許，乖其歸向之心；信而不慮，或有萬一之驚。交市之日，州遣士監之。」自此已後，歲常朝獻，至武定已來不絕。齊受魏禪，歲時來朝。
The Xi were called in origin the Kumo Xi, and their forebears were a separate branch of Yuwen of the eastern Hu. At the first they were broken by Murong Huang, and those who were left hid away in the region of Songmo. Their customs are very unclean, but they are good at hunting with the bow and love to raid and plunder. In the third year of Dengguo, Daowu went out against them in person, broke them utterly south of the Ruoshui, and took more than a hundred thousand of their horses, cattle, sheep, and swine. The emperor said, "These kinds among the many Di do not know virtue or right. They steal like rats and snatch like dogs. What are they worth as a trouble? Now the Central Province (中州) is in great disorder. Let me settle that first and then spread out my majesty and my care, and there will be nothing that does not submit." Not long after, the imperial carriage moved south, and in the space of ten years and more the many kinds and the Kumo Xi as well all grew and multiplied. When the Liaohai was opened and a garrison set at Helong, the Yi were all shaken and afraid, and each offered the products of their land. In the time of Wencheng and Xianwen the Kumo Xi brought famous horses and figured hides every year. At the beginning of Xiaowen's reign they sent an envoy to court with tribute. In the fourth year of Taihe they came inside the frontier without leave, making the excuse that they feared the raids of the Didougan, and an edict reproved them sharply. In the twenty-second year they raided Anzhou, and several thousand soldiers of the three provinces of Yingzhou, Yanzhou, and Youzhou struck them and drove them off. Afterwards they came over in loyalty again, and always asked to come inside the frontier to trade. Xuanwu sent down an edict: "Before the twenty-first year of Taihe the Kumo Xi lived among the border people of the two provinces of Anzhou and Yingzhou, and trade went back and forth with no cheating or double dealing. Since their revolt in the twenty-second year they have fled far off. Now, though they have come over in loyalty, they are still outside the frontier. Whenever they ask to come inside and trade with the people, to hold them off and not allow it goes against their heart of turning to us, and to trust them and take no thought may bring one alarm in ten thousand. On the days of the market let the province send soldiers to watch over it." From this time on they came to court with tribute every year, and it did not break off until the end of Wuding. When Qi received the abdication of Wei, they came to court with the seasons.
2The Xi in five tribes
其後種類漸多，分爲五部：一曰辱紇主，二曰莫賀弗，三曰契個，四曰木昆，五曰室得。每部俟斤一人爲其帥。隨逐水草，頗同突厥。有阿會氏，五部中最盛，諸部皆歸之。每與契丹相攻擊，虜獲財畜，因遣使貢方物。
Afterwards their kinds grew many little by little, and they divided into five tribes. The first is called Ruhezhu, the second Mohefu, the third Qige, the fourth Mukun, the fifth Shide. Each tribe has one siqin for its chief. They follow the water and the grass, much like the Tujue. There is the Ahui clan, the strongest of the five tribes, and all the tribes go over to it. They are always attacking the Khitan, and when they have taken goods and livestock they send an envoy to offer the products of their land.