The Wa倭人
1People who tattoo their bodies
在帶方東南大海中，依山島為國。地多山林，無良田，食海物。舊有百餘小國相接，至魏時，有三十國通好，戶有七萬。男子無大小，悉黥面文身，自謂太伯之後。又言上古使詣中國，皆自稱大夫。昔夏少康之子封於會稽，斷髮文身以避蛟龍之害。今倭人好沈沒取魚，亦文身以厭水禽。計其道里，當會稽東冶之東。其男子衣以橫幅，但結束相連，略無縫綴。婦人衣如單被，穿其中央以貫頭，而皆被髮徒跣。其地溫暖，俗種禾稻紵麻而蠶桑織績。土無牛馬，有刀楯弓箭，以鐵為鏃。有屋宇，父母兄弟臥息異處。食飲用俎豆。嫁娶不持錢帛，以衣迎之。死有棺無槨，封土為冢。初喪，哭泣不食肉，已葬，舉家入水澡浴自潔，以除不祥。其舉大事，輒灼骨以占吉凶。不知正歲四節，但計秋收之時以為年紀。人多壽百年，或八九十。國多婦女，不淫不妒。無爭訟。犯輕罪者沒其妻孥，重者族滅其家。舊以男子為主，漢末倭人亂，攻伐不定，乃立女子爲王，名曰卑彌呼。
The Wa lie in the great sea southeast of Daebang, and they have made their country on the mountainous islands. Their land has much mountain forest and no good fields, so they eat what comes from the sea. In former days there were more than a hundred small states lying next to one another, and by the time of Wei thirty states were in friendly commerce, with seventy thousand households.
The men, great and small alike, all tattoo their faces and mark their bodies, and they say of themselves that they are the descendants of Taibo (太伯). They say too that in high antiquity, when they sent envoys to China, they all called themselves great officers. Long ago, when the son of Shaokang of Xia was enfeoffed at Kuaiji, he cut his hair and marked his body to keep off the harm of the dragons; and now the Wa are fond of diving to catch fish, and they likewise mark their bodies to drive off the waterfowl. If their road is reckoned, their country should lie east of Dongye in Kuaiji.
The men's clothing is made of cloth of crosswise width, only tied and joined together with almost no sewing. The women's clothing is like a single coverlet with a hole cut in the middle to put the head through, and they all wear their hair loose and go barefoot. Their land is warm, and they plant rice and ramie and raise silkworms and weave. There are no oxen or horses in the land. They have swords and shields and bows and arrows, and they make their arrowheads of iron. They have houses, and parents and brothers lie down and rest in separate places. For eating and drinking they use the sacrificial vessels (俎豆). In marrying they do not use money or silk, but meet the bride with clothing. When someone dies there is an inner coffin but no outer one, and they heap up earth to make a grave mound. At the first mourning they weep and do not eat meat, and when the burial is over the whole household goes into the water to bathe and make itself clean, and so puts away what is unlucky.
When they undertake a great matter they always burn a bone to divine good or ill fortune. They do not know the first month or the four seasons, but reckon only by the time of the autumn harvest and take that for a year. Many of the people live long, to a hundred years, or to eighty or ninety. There are many women in the country, and they are not wanton and not jealous. There are no quarrels at law. One who commits a light offense has his wife and children taken away, and for a heavy one his whole house is wiped out. In former days they took a man for their ruler, but at the end of the Han the Wa were in disorder, attacking one another without settlement, and so they set up a woman as their king, and her name was Himiko (卑彌呼).
2The tribute after Himiko
宣帝之平公孫氏也，其女王遣使至帶方朝見，其後貢聘不絶。及文帝作相，又數至。泰始初，遣使重譯入貢。
When Emperor Xuan, that is Sima Yi, put down the Gongsun clan, their queen sent an envoy to Daebang to appear at court, and after that their tribute and their missions did not cease. When Emperor Wen became chancellor they came often again. At the beginning of Taishi they sent an envoy who came with tribute through two interpreters.