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Second Guide to the Eastern Mountains東次二經

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) 山海經 · Unknown · commentary by Guo Pu · Warring States to Western Han (commentary, 4th century) · 18 passages · 711 Chinese characters · reading time 2.8 min

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) Classic of the Mountains — East The oldest geography of the lands beyond the mountains and outside the seas, and a storehouse of myth. No single hand made it: it took shape from the Warring States down to the Han through many hands, and in the fourth century Guo Pu set his commentary to it. The nine-tailed fox, the jingwei bird, Kuafu, Xingtian and Xiwangmu all come from here. "Within the Eastern Sea, in a corner of the Northern Sea, there is a land named Joseon" — one of the earliest records in which the name Joseon survives stands in this book.

《東次二經》之首,曰空桑之山,北臨食水,東望沮吳,南望沙陵,西望湣澤。有獸焉,其狀如牛而虎文,其音如欽。其名曰軨軨,其鳴自訆,見則天下大水。

The first of the Second Guide to the Eastern Mountains is Mount Kongsang. To the north it comes up against the Shi River, to the east it looks upon Juwu, to the south upon Shaling, and to the west upon the Min Marsh. There is a beast here shaped like an ox but with the markings of a tiger. Its voice is like a groan, and it is called lingling. Its cry is the calling of its own name, and when it appears there is a great flood under heaven.

又南六百里,曰曹夕之山,其下多穀而無水,多鳥獸。

Six hundred li further south lies Mount Caoxi. Below there are many paper mulberry trees and no water, and there are many birds and beasts.

又西南四百里,曰嶧皋之山,其上多金玉,其下多白堊。嶧皋之水出焉,東流注于激女之水,其中多蜃珧。

Four hundred li further southwest lies Mount Yigao. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and below much white clay. The Yigao River rises here and flows east into the Jinü River. In its waters there are many clams and mussels.

又南水行五百里,流沙三百里,至于葛山之尾,無草木,多砥礪。

Five hundred li further south by water and three hundred li over drifting sand, one comes to the tail of Mount Ge. There are no plants or trees, and much whetstone.

又南三百八十里,曰葛山之首,無草木。澧水出焉,東流注于余澤,其中多珠蟞魚,其狀如胏而有目,六足有珠,其味酸甘,食之無癘。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies the head of Mount Ge. There are no plants or trees. The Li River rises here and flows east into the Yu Marsh. In its waters there are many zhubie fish, shaped like a lung but having eyes, with six feet and bearing pearls. Their taste is sour and sweet, and one who eats them does not fall to pestilence.

又南三百八十里,曰餘峩之山。其上多梓枏,其下多荊𦬊。雜余之水出焉,東流注于黃水。有獸焉,其狀如菟而鳥喙,鴟目蛇尾,見人則眠,名曰犰狳,其鳴自訆,見則螽蝗為敗。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies Mount Yu'e. On its heights there are many zi and nan trees, and below many thorn trees and gou. The Zayu River rises here and flows east into the Huang River. There is a beast here shaped like a hare but with the beak of a bird, the eyes of a kite, and the tail of a snake. When it sees a man it feigns sleep, and it is called qiuyu. Its cry is the calling of its own name, and when it appears locusts ruin the grain.

又南三百里,曰杜父之山,無草木,多水。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Dufu. There are no plants or trees, and much water.

又南三百里,曰耿山,無草木,多水碧,多大蛇。有獸焉,其狀如狐而魚翼,其名曰朱獳,其鳴自訆,見則其國有恐。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Geng. There are no plants or trees, much shuibi, and many great snakes. There is a beast here shaped like a fox but with the fins of a fish. It is called zhuru, and its cry is the calling of its own name. When it appears there is fear in that country.

又南三百里,曰盧其之山,無草木,多沙石,沙水出焉,南流注于涔水,其中多鵹鶘,其狀如鴛鴦而人足,其鳴自訆,見則其國多土功。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Luqi. There are no plants or trees, and much sand and stone. The Sha River rises here and flows south into the Cen River. In its waters there are many lihu, shaped like a mandarin duck but with the feet of a man. Its cry is the calling of its own name, and when it appears there is much earthwork in that country.

又南三百八十里,曰姑射之山,無草木,多水。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies Mount Guye. There are no plants or trees, and much water.

又南水行三百里,流沙百里,曰北姑射之山,無草木,多石。

Three hundred li further south by water and a hundred li over drifting sand lies Mount Beiguye. There are no plants or trees, and much stone.

又南三百里,曰南姑射之山,無草木,多水。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Nanguye. There are no plants or trees, and much water.

又南三百里,曰碧山,無草木,多大蛇,多碧、水玉。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Bi. There are no plants or trees, and there are many great snakes and much bi and crystal.

又南五百里,曰緱氏之山,無草木,多金玉。原水出焉,東流注于沙澤。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Goushi. There are no plants or trees, and much gold and jade. The Yuan River rises here and flows east into the Sha Marsh.

又南三百里,曰姑逢之山,無草木,多金玉。有獸焉,其狀如狐而有翼,其音如鴻鴈,其名曰獙獙,見則天下大旱。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Gufeng. There are no plants or trees, and much gold and jade. There is a beast here shaped like a fox but having wings. Its voice is like the swan goose and the wild goose, and it is called bibi. When it appears there is a great drought under heaven.

又南五百里,曰鳧麗之山,其上多金玉,其下多箴石,有獸焉,其狀如狐,而九尾、九首、虎爪,名曰蠪姪,其音如嬰兒,是食人。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Fuli. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and below much needle stone. There is a beast here shaped like a fox, with nine tails, nine heads, and the claws of a tiger. It is called longzhi. Its voice is like an infant's, and it eats people.

又南五百里,曰䃌山,南臨䃌水,東望湖澤,有獸焉,其狀如馬,而羊目、四角、牛尾,其音如獆狗,其名曰峳峳。見則其國多狡客。有鳥焉,其狀如鳧而鼠尾,善登木,其名曰絜鉤,見則其國多疫。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Yin. To the south it comes up against the Yin River, and to the east it looks upon the Hu Marsh. There is a beast here shaped like a horse, with the eyes of a sheep, four horns, and the tail of an ox. Its voice is like a dog barking, and it is called youyou. When it appears there are many crafty travelers in that country. There is a bird here shaped like a duck but with the tail of a rat. It climbs trees well, and it is called jiegou. When it appears there is much pestilence in that country.

凡《東次二經》之首,自空桑之山至于䃌山,凡十七山,六千六百四十里。其神狀皆獸身人面載觡。其祠:毛用一雞祈,嬰用一璧瘞。

In all, the head of the Second Guide to the Eastern Mountains runs from Mount Kongsang to Mount Yin, seventeen mountains in all, six thousand six hundred and forty li. The gods there all have the body of a beast and the face of a man, and they bear antlers. For the sacrifice: one cock whole in coat is used in prayer, and for the ying one bi jade is buried.