Singing of King Dongmyeong (東明王篇)東明王篇
世多說東明王神異之事。雖愚夫騃婦。亦頗能說其事。僕嘗聞之。笑曰。先師仲尼。不語怪力亂神。此實荒唐奇詭之事。非吾曹所說。及讀魏書通典。亦載其事。然略而未詳。豈詳內略外之意耶。越癸丑四月。得舊三國史。見東明王本紀。其神異之迹。踰世之所說者。然亦初不能信之。意以爲鬼幻。及三復耽味。漸涉其源。非幻也。乃聖也。非鬼也。乃神也。況國史直筆之書。豈妄傳之哉。金公富軾重撰國史。頗略其事。意者公以爲國史矯世之書。不可以大異之事爲示於後世而略之耶。按唐玄宗本紀。楊貴妃傳。並無方士升天入地之事。唯詩人白樂天恐其事淪沒。作歌以志之。彼實荒淫奇誕之事。猶且詠之。以示于後。矧東明之事。非以變化神異眩惑衆目。乃實創國之神迹。則此而不述。後將何觀。是用作詩以▣▣記之。欲使夫天下知我國本聖人之都耳。
Many in the world speak of the wondrous deeds of King Dongmyeong, and even simple men and women can tell the story well enough. Once I heard it and laughed, and said, "Confucius, our teacher of old, did not speak of the strange, the forceful, the disorderly, or the spirits. This is truly a wild and bizarre affair, and not a thing for us to talk about." Later I read the Book of Wei and the Tongdian, and the matter was recorded there as well. But it was brief and not detailed. Was that the intent of writing what is within in full and what is without in brief?
In the fourth month of the past gyechuk year I obtained the Gu Samguksa and looked at the Basic Annals of King Dongmyeong. The wondrous traces in it went beyond what the world tells. Yet at first I still could not believe them, and took them for the illusions of ghosts. But after I had read the book three times over and come to savor it, and had made my way little by little to its source, I saw that it was not illusion but holiness, not ghosts but spirits. How much more so, since the history of a state is a record written straight. How could it have handed down anything false? When Lord Kim Busik compiled the history of the state anew, he cut this matter down a great deal. I think it may be that he held the history of a state to be a book that sets the age right, and so could not show a greatly strange affair to later ages, and cut it down.
If we look at the Basic Annals of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and the Biography of Yang Guifei, there is nothing at all in them about the adept who rose to heaven and entered the earth. Only the poet Bai Letian, fearing that the matter would sink away and be lost, made a song and set it down. That was truly a wanton and strange affair, and even so he sang it and showed it to those who came after. How much more the deeds of Dongmyeong, which are not changes and wonders meant to dazzle the eyes of the crowd, but truly the divine traces of the founding of a state. If these are not written down, what will later ages have to look upon? For this reason I have made a poem and □□ set them down, wishing to let all under heaven know that our country was from the beginning the capital of a sage.
Interlinear notes 1
幷序
The preface is carried along with it.
元氣判𣳎渾。天皇地皇氏。十三十一頭。體貌多奇異。其餘聖帝王。亦備載經史。女節感大星。乃生大昊摯。女樞生顓頊。亦感瑤光暐。伏羲制牲犧。燧人始鑽燧。生蓂高帝祥。雨粟神農瑞。靑天女媧補。洪水大禹理。黃帝將升天。胡髥龍自至。太古淳朴時。靈聖難備記。後世漸澆漓。風俗例汰侈。聖人間或生。神迹少所示。漢神雀三年。孟夏斗立巳。海東解慕漱。眞是天之子。初從空中下。身乘五龍軌。從者百餘人。騎鵠紛襂襹。淸樂動鏘洋。彩雲浮旖旎。自古受命君。何是非天賜。白日下靑冥。從昔所未視。朝居人世中。暮反天宮裡。吾聞於古人。蒼穹之去地二億萬八千七百八十里。梯棧躡難升。羽翮飛易瘁。朝夕恣升降。此理復何爾。城北有靑河。河伯三女美。擘出鴨頭波。往遊熊心涘。鏘琅佩玉鳴。綽約顔花媚。初疑漢皐濱。復想洛水沚。王因出獵見。目送頗留意。玆非悅紛華。誠急生繼嗣。三女見君來。入水尋相避。擬將作宮殿。潛候同來戱。馬撾一畫地。銅室欻然峙。錦席鋪絢明。金罇置淳旨。蹁躚果自入。對酌還徑醉。王時出橫遮。驚走僅顚躓。長女曰柳花。是爲王所止。河伯大怒嗔。遣使急且駛。告云渠何人。乃敢放輕肆。報云天帝子。高族請相累。指天降龍馭。徑到海宮邃。河伯乃謂王。婚姻是大事。媒贄有通法。胡奈得自恣。君是上帝胤。神變請可試。漣漪碧波中。河伯化作鯉。王尋變爲獺。立捕不待跬。又復生兩翼。翩然化爲雉。王又化神鷹。摶擊何大鷙。彼爲鹿而走。我爲豺而趡。河伯知有神。置酒相燕喜。伺醉載革輿。幷置女於輢。意令與其女。天上同騰轡。其車未出水。酒醒忽驚起。取女黃金釵。刺革從竅出。獨乘赤霄上。寂寞不廻騎。河伯責厥女。挽吻三尺弛。乃貶優渤中。唯與婢僕二。漁師觀波中。奇獸行𩣚騃。乃告王金蛙。鐵網投湀湀。引得坐石女。姿貌甚堪畏。唇長不能言。三截乃啓齒。王知慕漱妃。仍以別宮置。懷日生朱蒙。是歲歲在癸。骨表諒最奇。啼聲亦甚偉。初生卵如升。觀者皆驚悸。王以爲不祥。此豈人之類。置之馬牧中。群馬皆不履。棄之深山中。百獸皆擁衛。母姑擧而養。經月言語始。自言蠅噆目。臥不能安睡。母爲作弓矢。其弓不虛掎。年至漸長大。才能日漸備。扶余王太子。其心生妬忌。乃言朱蒙者。此必非常士。若不早自圖。其患誠未已。王令往牧馬。欲以試厥志。自思天之孫。廝牧良可恥。捫心常竊導。吾生不如死。意將往南土。立國立城市。爲緣慈母在。離別誠未易。其母聞此言。潸然抆淸淚。汝幸勿爲念。我亦常痛痞。士之涉長途。須必憑騄駬。相將往馬閑。卽以長鞭捶。群馬皆突走。一馬騂色斐。跳過二丈欄。始覺是駿驥。潛以針刺舌。酸痛不受飼。不日形甚癯。却與駑駘似。爾後王巡觀。予馬此卽是。得之始抽針。日夜屢加餧。暗結三賢友。其人共多智。南行至淹滯。欲渡無舟艤。秉策指彼蒼。慨然發長喟。天孫河伯甥。避難至於此。哀哀孤子心。天地其忍棄。操弓打河水。魚鼈騈首尾。屹然成橋梯。始乃得渡矣。俄爾追兵至。上橋橋旋圮。雙鳩含麥飛。來作神母使。形勝開王都。山川鬱㠑巋。自坐茀蕝上。略定君臣位。咄哉沸流王。何奈不自揆。苦矜仙人後。未識帝孫貴。徒欲爲附庸。出語不愼葸。未中畫鹿臍。驚我倒玉指。來觀鼓角變。不敢稱我器。來觀屋柱故。咋舌還自愧。東明西狩時。偶獲雪色麂。倒懸蟹原上。敢自呪而謂。天不雨沸流。漂沒其都鄙。我固不汝放。汝可助我懫。鹿鳴聲甚哀。上徹天之耳。霖雨注七日。霈若傾淮泗。松讓甚憂懼。沿流謾橫葦。士民競來攀。流汗相𥈭眙。東明卽以鞭。畫水水停沸。松讓擧國降。是後莫予訾。玄雲羃鶻嶺。不見山邐迤。有人數千許。斵木聲髣髴。王曰天爲我。築城於其趾。忽然雲霧散。宮闕高㠥嵬。在位十九年。升天不下莅。俶儻有奇節。元子曰類利。得劒繼父位。塞盆止人詈。我性本質木。性不喜奇詭。初看東明事。疑幻又疑鬼。徐徐漸相涉。變化難擬議。況是直筆文。一字無虛字。神哉又神哉。萬世之所韙。因思草創君。非聖卽何以。劉媼息大澤。遇神於夢寐。雷電塞晦暝。蛟龍盤怪傀。因之卽有娠。乃生聖劉季。是惟赤帝子。其興多殊祚。世祖始生時。滿室光炳煒。自應赤伏符。掃除黃巾僞。自古帝王興。徵瑞紛蔚蔚。未嗣多怠荒。共絶先王祀。乃知守成君。集蓼戒小毖。守位以寬仁。化民由禮義。永永傳子孫。御國多年紀。
When the primal breath split apart from chaos, the Heavenly Sovereign and the Earthly Sovereign were born; thirteen heads and eleven heads, and their bodies and faces were most strange. The other holy emperors and kings are set down in full in the classics and the histories. Nü Jie was stirred by a great star and bore Dahao Zhi (摯); Nü Shu bore Zhuanxu, and she too was stirred by the light of Yaoguang. Fuxi made the rule for sacrificial beasts, and Suiren was the first to drill wood for fire. The mingjia that grew was the good omen of the High Emperor, and grain falling like rain was the auspicious sign of Shennong. The blue sky was mended by Nüwa, and the great flood was set in order by Yu. When the Yellow Emperor was about to rise to heaven, a bearded dragon came of itself. In the plain and simple days of high antiquity, the divine and holy deeds were too many to write down; but later ages grew thin and mean by degrees, and the customs of the world ran to excess, so that although a sage was born now and then, a divine trace was rarely shown. In the third year of Shenque in Han, at the head of summer when the Dipper pointed to sa (巳), Haemosu of Haedong was truly the son of heaven. When he first came down out of the air, his body rode a carriage of five dragons, and his followers, more than a hundred, rode on swans with feathered robes streaming. Clear music sounded and rang out, and colored clouds rose up billowing. From of old, what king who received the mandate was not granted by heaven? But to come down from the blue sky in broad daylight had never been seen before. In the morning he was in the world of men, and in the evening he went back to the palace of heaven. I have heard from the men of old that the blue vault is two hundred million and eighteen thousand seven hundred and eighty li away from the earth. A ladder is hard to climb by treading, and wings tire quickly in flight; yet morning and evening he went up and came down as he pleased. What can be the reason for this? North of the walled town lies Cheongha, and the three daughters of Habaek were beautiful. They parted the waves the color of a duck's head and came out, and went to play on the shore of Ungsim. Their jade pendants rang and chimed, and their soft faces were lovely as flowers. At first one took it for the shore of Hangao, and then thought it the sandbank of the Luo. The king had gone out hunting and saw them, and his eyes followed them, and his heart was much taken; yet this was not because he delighted in splendor, but truly because he was pressed to father an heir. The three women saw the lord coming and went into the water and at once hid themselves. He would build a palace, and lie in wait for them to come and play there together. With one stroke of his horsewhip on the ground, a house of bronze rose up all at once. He spread brocade mats in dazzling brightness and set fine wine in golden jars, and sure enough they came stepping lightly in of their own accord, and sat down facing each other and drank until they were drunk. Then the king went out and blocked their way, and they started up in fright and stumbled and fell. The eldest daughter was called Yuhwa, and she it was who was held back by the king. Habaek was greatly angered, and sent a messenger racing in haste, who said, "What manner of man are you, that you dare be so unruly?" And the answer came, "I am the son of the Heavenly Emperor, and I ask to join my house to your high family." He pointed to heaven, a dragon carriage came down, and they went straight to the deep palace of the sea. Then Habaek said to the king, "Marriage is a great matter. There is a law all follow for go-betweens and betrothal gifts. How is it you do as you please? If you are the offspring of the Lord on High, I ask to put your divine changes to the test." In the midst of the rippling green waves, Habaek changed into a carp, and the king at once changed into an otter and caught him before he had gone half a step. Then two wings sprang out, and fluttering he changed into a pheasant, and the king changed again into a divine hawk, and how fierce was the blow he struck. When the other became a deer and fled, this one became a jackal and gave chase. Habaek knew that he was divine, and set out wine and made merry with him, and watching for him to grow drunk, he put him into a leather carriage, and set the daughter beside it too, meaning that together with his daughter he should go up side by side above the sky. But before the carriage had left the water, the king woke from the wine and started up in alarm, and taking the golden hairpin of the daughter, he pierced the leather and went out through the hole, and alone he rose above the red sky, and in his loneliness he did not ride back again. Habaek rebuked his daughter, and had her lips pulled out three cheok long, and cast her out into the middle of Ubalsu, sending only two servants with her. A fisherman looked into the waves and saw a strange creature going this way and that, so he reported it to King Geumwa, and an iron net was thrown into the rushing water. They drew up a woman seated on a stone, and her look was greatly to be feared. Her lips were so long she could not speak, and only after they had been cut three times did she open her mouth. The king knew she was the consort of Haemosu, and so he kept her in a separate palace. She took the sunlight into her and bore Jumong, and that year was the gyehae year. His frame and features were truly the strangest of all, and the sound of his crying was very great. What she bore at first was an egg the size of a doe measure, and everyone who saw it was startled and afraid. The king held it to be no good omen, and said, "How can this be of the kind of men?" He had it put in the place where the horses were kept, and not one of the herd would tread on it; he had it thrown away deep in the mountains, and every kind of beast kept watch over it. His mother took him up for the time being and raised him, and after a month he began to speak. He said of himself, "The flies bite my eyes, and when I lie down I cannot sleep in peace," so his mother made him a bow and arrows, and that bow was never drawn in vain. As his years came on and he grew up, his gifts were more fully his with every day. The crown prince of the king of Buyeo felt jealousy rise in his heart, and he said, "This one called Jumong is surely no ordinary man. If we do not act early, the trouble he brings will truly have no end." The king sent him off to tend the horses, wishing to put his purpose to the test. He thought to himself that for a grandson of heaven, to feed horses was a shameful thing indeed, and pressing his breast he always said over to himself alone, "My living is worse than dying. I would go to the land in the south and found a state and raise walls and markets, but because my dear mother is here, parting from her is truly not easy." When his mother heard these words, she wiped away clear tears that ran down, and said, "Do not trouble yourself over me. My own heart has always ached as well. When a man is to travel a long road, he must have a fine horse to carry him." They went together to the horse pen, and she struck out with a long whip, and all the horses started away in fright; but one red horse was fair of color, and it leapt over a fence two gil high, and by this he knew it for a fine steed. In secret he pricked its tongue with a needle, and it was so sore and sharp that it would take no feed, and in a few days its body was very thin, and it looked like a worthless nag instead. After that, when the king came round to look, he said, "I give you this horse." Only when he had it did he draw out the needle, and feed it again and again, day and night. In secret he bound himself to three worthy friends, and those men had wisdom in plenty. Going south he came to Eomchesu, and though he would cross there was no boat at the bank. He took his whip and pointed at the blue above, and with deep feeling he gave a long sigh. "The grandson of the Heavenly Emperor and the grandson of Habaek by his daughter has fled from trouble and come here. Can heaven and earth bear to cast off the grieving heart of this orphan son?" He took his bow and struck the river water, and fish and soft-shelled turtles set head and tail together and rose up and made a bridge, and only then could he cross. In a moment the pursuing soldiers came, and when they climbed onto the bridge the bridge fell apart at once. A pair of doves came flying with barley in their beaks, and made themselves the messengers of the divine mother. In a place of good form he opened the royal capital, and the mountains and rivers were thick with green and high and great. He seated himself on a mat of reeds, and set out in rough order the places of lord and subject. Alas for the king of Biryu. How was it that he could not take his own measure, and strained to boast of his descent from an immortal, and did not know the worth of the grandson of the Heavenly Emperor? He merely wished to make a vassal of him, and was not careful in the words he let fall. He could not hit the navel of the painted deer, and was startled to see the jade ring shattered. He came and saw that the drum and the horn were changed, and dared not call them his own; he came and saw that the pillars of the house were old, and bit his tongue and was ashamed of himself instead. When Dongmyeong hunted to the west, he happened to take a deer white as snow, and he hung it head down above Haewon, and dared to lay a curse, saying, "If heaven does not rain upon Biryu and wash away its capital and its villages, I will surely not let you go. You shall help me in my anger." The deer's cry was very sorrowful, and it pierced upward to the ear of heaven, and the long rain poured down for seven days, as if the Huai and the Si had been tipped over. Songyang was much troubled and afraid, and along the current he stretched reed ropes across in vain, and soldiers and people came crowding to hang on them, sweating and looking at one another. Then Dongmyeong with his whip drew a line on the water, and the water stopped its rising, and Songyang gave up his whole country and surrendered, and after this none spoke ill of me. Black clouds covered Gollyeong, and the long line of the mountains could not be seen, and the sound of some thousands of men hewing wood was faintly heard. The king said, "Heaven is raising a fortress for me at the foot of that hill." All at once the clouds and mist cleared away, and a palace stood high and tall. In the nineteenth year of his reign he rose to heaven and did not come down to rule again. Outstanding, and holding to a rare integrity, the eldest son was called Yuri. He found the sword and followed his father on the throne, and he stopped up the water jar and put an end to another's scolding. My nature is plain and simple by birth, and my disposition takes no pleasure in the strange and the odd. When I first looked at the deeds of Dongmyeong, I doubted them as illusion and doubted them as ghosts. But slowly, as I made my way in by degrees, I found the changes in them hard to weigh and speak of. How much more, since this is a record written straight, in which not one word is an empty word. Divine it is, and divine again, and a thing to be called right for ten thousand ages. So I think that the lord who first founded the state, if he was not a sage, how could he have done so? Liu Ao was resting by a great marsh and met a god in a dream, while thunder and lightning shut the sky in darkness and a flood dragon coiled itself strangely about. By this she straightway conceived, and so bore the holy Liu Ji, Gaozu of Han, and he was the son of the Red Emperor, and in his rise there was much fortune beyond the common. When Shizu, Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han, was first born, light filled the whole room and shone bright, and he answered of himself to the Chifu talisman, and swept away the falsehood of the Yellow Turbans. From of old, when emperors and kings have risen, auspicious signs have thronged in abundance, but those who came after were idle and wild, and one and all cut off the sacrifices to the former kings. By this we know that the lord who keeps what has been made must go through the bitterness of gathering smartweed, and be careful in what comes after; that he must keep his place with generosity and benevolence, and teach the people by ritual and right conduct, and so hand it down to his sons and grandsons forever, and rule the state for many years.
Interlinear notes 39
漢神雀三年四月甲寅。
It was the day gabin in the fourth month of the third year of Shenque in Han (59 BC).
本記云。夫余王解夫婁老無子。祭山川求嗣。所御馬至鯤淵。見大石流淚。王怪之。使人轉其石。有小兒金色蛙形。王曰。此天錫我令胤乎。乃收養之。名曰金蛙。立爲太子。其相阿蘭弗曰。日者天降我曰。將使吾子孫。立國於此。汝其避之。東海之濱有地。號迦葉原。土宜五穀。可都也。阿蘭弗勸王移都。號東夫余。於舊都。解慕漱爲天帝子來都。
The Basic Annals say: Haeburu, king of Buyeo, grew old and had no son, so he sacrificed to the mountains and rivers and prayed for a son to follow him. The horse he rode came to Gonyeon, and when it saw a great stone it shed tears. The king thought this strange and had a man roll the stone aside, and there was a small child in the shape of a golden frog. The king said, "Is this not heaven granting me a fine heir?" So he took the child up and raised him. He named him Geumwa and made him crown prince. His minister Aranbul said, "The other day heaven came down to me and said, 'I am going to have my own descendants found a state here, so you are to give way. By the shore of the Eastern Sea there is a land called Gaseopwon. Its soil suits the five grains, and a capital may be set there.'" Aranbul urged the king to move the capital, and they called it Dongbuyeo. At the old capital, Haemosu came as the son of the Heavenly Emperor and made his capital there.
漢神雀三年壬戌歲。天帝遣太子降遊扶余王古都。號解慕漱。從天而下。乘五龍車。從者百餘人。皆騎白鵠。彩雲浮於上。音樂動雲中。止熊心山。經十餘日始下。首戴烏羽之冠。腰帶龍光之劒。
In the imsul year, the third year of Shenque in Han, the Heavenly Emperor sent his crown prince down to roam at the old capital of the king of Buyeo, and his name was Haemosu. When he came down from heaven he rode a carriage of five dragons, and his followers, more than a hundred, all rode white swans. Colored clouds floated above him and music sounded within the clouds. He stopped at Ungsimsan, and only after more than ten days did he come down. On his head he wore a cap of crow feathers, and at his waist he wore the sword Yonggwang.
朝則聽事。暮卽升天。世謂之天王郞。
In the morning he heard affairs of state, and in the evening he rose to heaven. The world called him Cheonwangnang.
靑河今鴨綠江也。
Cheongha is the Amnok River of today.
長曰柳花。次曰萱花。季曰葦花。
The eldest was called Yuhwa, the second Hwonhwa, and the youngest Wihwa.
自靑河出遊熊心淵上。
They came out of Cheongha and went to play above Ungsimyeon.
神姿艶麗。雜佩鏘洋。與漢皐無異。
Their divine forms were fair and beautiful, and their many jade pendants rang out, so that they were no different from the divine women of Hangao.
王謂左右曰。得而爲妃。可有後胤。
The king said to those about him, "If I win one of them for my consort, I may have an heir."
其女見王卽入水。左右曰。大王何不作宮殿。俟女入室。當戶遮之。王以爲然。以馬鞭畫地。銅室俄成壯麗。於室中。設三席置樽酒。其女各坐其席。相勸飮酒大醉云云。
When the women saw the king they went straight into the water. Those about him said, "Great king, why not build a palace, wait for the women to enter the room, and then block the door?" The king thought this right, and drew on the ground with his horsewhip, and a house of bronze was finished in a moment, tall and splendid. In the room he set out three mats and placed jars of wine, and the women each sat on her own mat and urged one another on and drank until they were very drunk, and so on.
王俟三女大醉急出。遮女等驚走。長女柳花。爲王所止。
The king waited until the three women were very drunk and then rushed out to block them. The women started up in fright and fled, and the eldest daughter, Yuhwa, was held back by the king.
河伯大怒。遣使告曰。汝是何人。留我女乎。王報云。我是天帝之子。今欲與河伯結婚。河伯又使告曰。汝若天帝之子。於我有求昏者。當使媒云云。今輒留我女。何其失禮。王慙之。將往見河伯。不能入室。欲放其女。女旣與王定情。不肯離去。乃勸王曰。如有龍車。可到河伯之國。王指天而告。俄而五龍車從空而下。王與女乘車。風雲忽起。至其宮。
Habaek was greatly angered and sent a messenger to say, "What manner of man are you, that you keep my daughter?" The king answered, "I am the son of the Heavenly Emperor, and I now wish to make a marriage with Habaek." Habaek sent a man again to say, "If you are the son of the Heavenly Emperor and would ask a marriage of me, you ought to send a go-between, and so on. Now you have simply kept my daughter. How great a breach of courtesy this is!" The king was ashamed, and meant to go and see Habaek, but he could not enter that house, and so he meant to let the daughter go. But she had already given her heart to the king, and would not leave him. She urged him, saying, "If there were a dragon carriage, we could reach the country of Habaek." The king pointed to heaven and made his plea, and in a moment a carriage of five dragons came down out of the air. The king and the daughter rode in the carriage, and wind and clouds rose all at once, and they came to that palace.
河伯備禮迎之。坐定。謂曰。婚姻之道。天下之通規。何爲失禮。辱我門宗云云。
Habaek received him with full courtesy, and when they were seated he said, "The way of marriage is a rule all under heaven follow. How is it that you have failed in courtesy and brought shame on my house?" And so on.
車傍曰輢。
The side of a carriage is called ui (輢).
河伯之酒。七日乃醒。
The wine of Habaek takes seven days to wear off.
叶韻
This is for the sake of the rhyme.
河伯曰。王是天帝之子。有何神異。王曰。唯在所試。於是。河伯於庭前水。化爲鯉。隨浪而游。王化爲獺而捕之。河伯又化爲鹿而走。王化爲豺逐之。河伯化爲雉。王化爲鷹擊之。河伯以爲誠是天帝之子。以禮成婚。恐王無將女之心。張樂置酒。勸王大醉。與女入於小革輿中。載以龍車。欲令升天。其車未出水。王卽酒醒。取女黃金釵刺革輿。從孔獨出升天。
Habaek said, "If the king is the son of the Heavenly Emperor, what wonder is in him?" The king said, "You have only to put it to the test." So Habaek changed into a carp in the water before the courtyard and swam along with the waves, and the king changed into an otter and caught him. Habaek changed again into a deer and fled, and the king changed into a jackal and chased him; Habaek changed into a pheasant, and the king changed into a hawk and struck him. Habaek held him to be truly the son of the Heavenly Emperor, and with full courtesy he made the marriage. Fearing that the king had no mind to take his daughter with him, he set out music and wine and urged the king on until he was very drunk, and then put him with his daughter into a small leather carriage and loaded it on the dragon carriage, so that they should rise to heaven. But before the carriage had left the water, the king woke from the wine, and taking the golden hairpin of the daughter he pierced the leather carriage and went out alone through the hole and rose to heaven.
河伯大怒。其女曰。汝不從我訓。終欲我門。令左右絞挽女口。其唇吻長三尺。唯與奴婢二人。貶於優渤水中。優渤澤名。今在太伯山南。
Habaek was greatly angered and said to his daughter, "You did not follow my teaching, and in the end you have brought shame on my house." He had those about him take hold of the daughter's mouth and pull, and her lips stretched three cheok long. He sent only two servants with her and cast her out into the middle of Ubalsu. Ubal is the name of a marsh, and it lies today south of Taebaeksan.
漁師強力扶鄒告曰。近有盜梁中魚而將去者。未知何獸也。王乃使魚師以網引之。其網破裂。更造鐵網引之。始得一女。坐石而出。其女唇長不能言。令三截其唇乃言。
The fisherman Gangnyeokbuchu reported, "Lately something has been stealing the fish inside the weir and carrying them off, and I do not know what creature it is." The king had the fisherman draw it out with a net, and the net tore. They made an iron net instead and drew it out, and for the first time a woman came out, seated on a stone. That woman's lips were so long she could not speak, and only after he had her lips cut three times did she speak.
王知天帝子妃。以別宮置之。其女懷中日曜。因以有娠。神雀四年癸亥歲夏四月。生朱蒙。啼聲甚偉。骨表英奇。初生左腋生一卵。大如五升許。王怪之曰。人生鳥卵。可爲不祥。使人置之馬牧。群馬不踐。棄於深山。百獸皆護。雲陰之日。卵上恒有日光。王取卵送母養之。卵終乃開得一男。生未經月。言語竝實。
The king knew she was the consort of the son of the Heavenly Emperor, and kept her in a separate palace. Sunlight shone into that woman's bosom, and by it she conceived. In the fourth month of summer in the gyehae year, the fourth year of Shenque, she bore Jumong. The sound of his crying was very great, and his frame and features were outstandingly strange. What she bore at first, out of her left armpit, was one egg, about five doe in size. The king thought this strange, and said, "A human being has borne a bird's egg. This may be called no good omen." He had a man put it in the place where the horses were kept, and not one of the herd trod on it; it was thrown away deep in the mountains, and every kind of beast guarded it. Even on days of cloud and gloom, there was always sunlight on the egg. The king took the egg and sent it to the mother to raise, and at last the egg opened and a boy was got from it. Before a month had passed from his birth, his speech was all clear.
謂母曰。群蠅噆目。不能睡。母爲我作弓矢。其母以蓽作弓矢與之。自射紡車上蠅。發矢卽中。扶余謂善射曰朱蒙。
He said to his mother, "Swarms of flies bite my eyes and I cannot sleep. Mother, make me a bow and arrows." His mother made him a bow and arrows out of reed stalks, and he shot at the flies on the spinning wheel himself, and hit them with every arrow he loosed. In Buyeo, one who shoots well is called jumong.
年至長大。才能竝備。金蛙有子七人。常共朱蒙遊獵。王子及從者四十餘人。唯獲一鹿。朱蒙射鹿至多。王子妬之。乃執朱蒙縛樹。奪鹿而去。朱蒙拔樹而去。太子帶素言於王曰。朱蒙者。神勇之士。瞻視非常。若不早圖。必有後患。
When his years came on and he grew up, his gifts were all his. Geumwa had seven sons, and they always went hunting together with Jumong. The princes and their followers, more than forty of them, took only one deer, while Jumong shot and took a great many deer. The princes were jealous, so they seized Jumong, tied him to a tree, took the deer, and went off. Jumong pulled the tree up and went on his way. Crown prince Daeso said to the king, "Jumong is a man of divine courage, and the look of his eyes is out of the ordinary. If we do not act early, there will surely be trouble later."
王使朱蒙牧馬。欲試其意。朱蒙內自懷恨。謂母曰。我是天帝之孫。爲人牧馬。生不如死。欲往南土造國家。母在不敢自專。其母云云。
The king had Jumong tend the horses, wishing to test his purpose. Jumong held the bitterness within him and said to his mother, "I am the grandson of the Heavenly Emperor, and I tend horses for another. Living is worse than dying. I wish to go to the land in the south and found a state, but my mother is here and I dare not do as I please." His mother said, and so on.
通典云。朱蒙所乘。皆果下也。
The Tongdian says, "The horses Jumong rode were all gwaha horses."
其母曰。此吾之所以日夜腐心也。吾聞士之涉長途者。須憑駿足。吾能擇馬矣。遂往馬牧。卽以長鞭亂捶。群馬皆驚走。一騂馬跳過二丈之欄。朱蒙知馬駿逸。潛以針捶馬舌根。其馬舌痛。不食水草。甚瘦悴。王巡行馬牧。見群馬悉肥大喜。仍以瘦錫朱蒙。朱蒙得之。拔其針加餧云。
His mother said, "This is the very thing over which my heart has been eating itself day and night. I have heard that a man who travels a long road must have a swift horse to carry him. I can choose a horse for you." So they went to the place where the horses were kept, and she struck about her with a long whip, and all the horses started away in fright, and one red horse leapt over a fence two gil high. Jumong knew that horse for a fine steed, and in secret he stuck a needle into the root of its tongue. The horse's tongue was sore, and it would not take water or grass, and it grew very thin and worn. The king came round the place where the horses were kept, and seeing that all the herd was fat he was greatly pleased, and gave the thin horse to Jumong. Jumong got that horse, and drew out the needle and fed it, so it is said.
烏伊，摩離，陜父等三人。
The three men were Oi, Mari, and Hyeopbo.
一名蓋斯水。在今鴨綠東北。
It is also called Gaesasu, and it lies today northeast of the Amnok.
欲渡無舟。恐追兵奄及。迺以策指天。慨然嘆曰。我天帝之孫。河伯之甥。今避難至此。皇天后土。憐我孤子。速致舟橋。言訖。以弓打水。魚鼈浮出成橋。朱蒙乃得渡。良久追兵至。
He would cross, but there was no boat, and he feared the pursuing soldiers would be upon him, so he pointed at heaven with his whip and sighed with deep feeling, saying, "I am the grandson of the Heavenly Emperor and the grandson of Habaek by his daughter, and I have now fled from trouble and come here. August Heaven and Sovereign Earth, take pity on me, an orphan son, and send me a boat or a bridge quickly." When he had finished speaking, he struck the water with his bow, and fish and soft-shelled turtles floated up and made a bridge, and Jumong was able to cross. A good while later the pursuing soldiers came.
追兵至河。魚鼈橋卽滅。已上橋者。皆沒死。
When the pursuing soldiers came to the river, the bridge of fish and soft-shelled turtles vanished at once, and those who had already climbed onto it all sank and died.
朱蒙臨別。不忍暌違。其母曰。汝勿以一母爲念。乃裹五穀種以送之。朱蒙自切生別之心。忘其麥子。朱蒙息大樹之下。有雙鳩來集。朱蒙曰。應是神母使送麥子。乃引弓射之。一矢俱擧。開喉得麥子。以水噴鳩。更蘇而飛去云云。
When Jumong parted from his mother he could not bear to leave her, and his mother said, "Do not think about one mother of yours," and she wrapped up seeds of the five grains and sent them with him. Jumong's heart was so cut by the parting in life that he forgot the barley seed. Jumong was resting under a great tree when a pair of doves came and settled there. Jumong said, "This must be the divine mother sending the barley seed." He drew his bow and shot, and one arrow brought both of them down. He opened their throats and got the barley seed, and blew water over the doves, and they came to life again and flew away, and so on.
王自坐茀蕝之上。略定君臣之位。
The king seated himself on a mat of reeds and set out in rough order the places of lord and subject.
沸流王松讓出獵。見王容貌非常。引而與坐曰。僻在海隅。未曾得見君子。今日邂逅。何其幸乎。君是何人。從何而至。王曰。寡人。天帝之孫。西國之王也。敢問君王繼誰之後。讓曰。予是仙人之後。累世爲王。今地方至小。不可分爲兩王。君造國日淺。爲我附庸可乎。王曰。寡人。繼天之後。今主非神之胄。强號爲王。若不歸我。天必殛之。松讓以王累稱天孫。內自懷疑。欲試其才。乃曰願與王射矣。以畫鹿置百步內射之。其矢不入鹿臍。猶如倒手。王使人以玉指環。懸於百步之外射之。破如瓦解。松讓大驚云云。
Songyang, king of Biryu, came out hunting, and seeing that the king's looks were out of the ordinary he drew him in to sit with him and said, "Set apart here in a corner of the sea, I have never yet seen a gentleman. How fortunate that we should meet today. What manner of man are you, and from where have you come?" The king said, "I am the grandson of the Heavenly Emperor and the king of a country to the west. I dare to ask, whose line does the king here follow?" Songyang said, "I am the descendant of an immortal, and my house has been kings for generations. Now this land is very small and cannot be divided between two kings. You have founded your state only lately. How would it be for you to become my vassal?" The king said, "I follow the line of heaven, and you now are not of the seed of a god, and yet you force the name of king upon yourself. If you do not come over to me, heaven will surely strike you down." Songyang, because the king called himself the grandson of heaven again and again, held doubts within him and wished to test his skill, so he said, "I should like to shoot with the king." He set a painted deer within a hundred paces and shot at it, and though his arrow did not go into the navel of the deer he made light of it, as easy as turning his hand over. The king had a man hang a jade ring a hundred paces off and shot at it, and it broke like a roof tile falling apart. Songyang was greatly startled, and so on.
王曰。以國業新造。未有鼓角威儀。沸流使者往來。我不能以王禮迎送。所以輕我也。從臣扶芬奴進曰。臣爲大王取沸流鼓角。王曰。他國藏物。汝何取乎。對曰。此天之與物。何爲不取乎。夫大王困於扶余。誰謂大王能至於此。今大王奮身於萬死之危。揚名於遼左。此天帝命而爲之。何事不成。於是扶芬奴等三人。往沸流取鼓而來。沸流王遣使告曰云云。王恐來觀鼓角。色暗如故。松讓不敢爭而去。
The king said, "Because the work of our state is newly founded, we have no drum and horn for dignity, and when the envoys of Biryu come and go I cannot receive and send them with the courtesy due a king. That is why they make light of me." His attendant Bubunno came forward and said, "I will fetch the drum and horn of Biryu for the great king." The king said, "They are goods another state keeps hidden. How will you fetch them?" He answered, "These are goods given by heaven. Why should they not be fetched? When the great king was in hard straits in Buyeo, who would have said the great king could come this far? Now the great king has thrown off a danger of ten thousand deaths and made his name known in Liaodong. This the Heavenly Emperor has ordered and brought about, so what is there that cannot be done?" With that Bubunno and two others went to Biryu and brought back the drum. The king of Biryu sent an envoy to speak of it, and so on. The king, fearing that Biryu would come and look at the drum and horn, darkened their color so that they seemed old, and Songyang dared not dispute it and went away.
松讓欲以立都。先後爲附庸。王造宮室。以朽木爲柱。故如千歲。松讓來見。竟不敢爭立都先後。
Songyang wished to make a vassal of him on the ground of which capital had been founded first, so the king, in building his palace, raised the pillars out of rotten wood so that it looked a thousand years old. Songyang came and saw it, and in the end dared not dispute which capital had been founded first.
大鹿曰麂
A great deer is called gwe (麂).
西狩獲白鹿。倒懸於蟹原。呪曰。天若不雨而漂沒沸流王都者。我固不汝放矣。欲免斯難。汝能訴天。其鹿哀鳴。聲徹于天。霖雨七日。漂沒松讓都。王以葦索橫流。乘鴨馬。百姓皆執其索。朱蒙以鞭畫水。水卽減。六月。松讓擧國來降云云。
He hunted to the west and took a white deer, and hung it head down at Haewon and laid a curse, saying, "If heaven does not rain and wash away the capital of the king of Biryu, I will surely not let you go. If you would be free of this hardship, plead with heaven." That deer cried sorrowfully, and the sound pierced to heaven, and the long rain fell for seven days and washed away the capital of Songyang. The king stretched reed ropes across the water and rode the duck horse, and the people all took hold of those ropes. Jumong drew a line on the water with his whip, and the water at once went down. In the sixth month Songyang gave up his whole country and came and surrendered, and so on.
七月。玄雲起鶻嶺。人不見其山。唯聞數千人聲以起土功。王曰。天爲我築城。七日。雲霧自散。城郭宮臺自然成。王拜皇天就居。
In the seventh month black clouds rose over Gollyeong, and people could not see that mountain, and only the voices of some thousands of men were heard, as if they were working the earth. The king said, "Heaven is raising a fortress for me." After seven days the clouds and mist cleared of themselves, and the walls and the palace and the terraces were made of their own accord. The king bowed to August Heaven and went to live there.
秋九月。王升天不下。時年四十。太子以所遺玉鞭。葬於龍山云云。
In the ninth month of autumn the king rose to heaven and did not come down, and he was then forty years old. The crown prince buried the jade whip he had left behind at Yongsan, and so on.
類利少有奇節云云。少以彈雀爲業。見一婦戴水盆。彈破之。其女怒而詈曰。無父之兒。彈破我盆。類利大慙。以泥丸彈之。塞盆孔如故。歸家問母曰。我父是誰。母以類利年少戱之曰。汝無定父。類利泣曰。人無定父。將何面目見人乎。遂欲自刎。母大驚止之曰。前言戱耳。汝父是天帝孫。河伯甥。怨爲扶餘之臣。逃往南土。始造國家。汝往見之乎。對曰。父爲人君。子爲人臣。吾雖不才。豈不愧乎。母曰。汝父去時有遺言。吾有藏物七嶺七谷石上之松。能得此者。乃我之子也。類利自往山谷。搜求不得。疲倦而還。類利聞堂柱有悲聲。其柱乃石上之松木。體有七稜。類利自解之曰。七嶺七谷者。七稜也。石上松者。柱也。起而就視之。柱上有孔。得毀劒一片。大喜。前漢鴻嘉四年夏四月。奔高句麗。以劒一片。奉之於王。王出所有毀劒一片合之。血出連爲一劍。王謂類利曰。汝實我子。有何神聖乎。類利應聲。擧身聳空。乘牖中日。示其神聖之異。王大悅。立爲太子。
From his young days Yuri held to a rare integrity, and so on. As a boy he made a business of shooting sparrows, and seeing a woman carrying a water jar on her head he shot it and broke it. That woman was angry and scolded him, saying, "A fatherless child has shot my jar and broken it." Yuri was greatly ashamed, and he shot a pellet of clay and stopped up the hole in the jar so that it was as before. He went home and asked his mother, "Who is my father?" His mother, because Yuri was young, teased him and said, "You have no settled father." Yuri wept and said, "If a man has no settled father, with what face shall he meet other people?" And with that he would have cut his own throat. His mother was greatly alarmed and stopped him, saying, "What I said before was only in jest. Your father is the grandson of the Heavenly Emperor and the grandson of Habaek by his daughter. He resented being a subject of Buyeo, and fled to the land in the south, and there he first founded a state. Will you go and see him?" He answered, "My father is lord over others and his son is a subject of others. Though I have no gifts, how should I not be ashamed?" His mother said, "When your father left, he left words behind. He said, 'I have hidden something on a pine on a stone at seven ridges and seven valleys. Whoever can find this is my son.'" Yuri went off himself into the mountain valleys and searched for it, but did not find it, and came back worn out. Yuri heard a sorrowful sound coming from a pillar of the house, and that pillar was the pine on the stone, and its body had seven corners. Yuri worked it out for himself, saying, "Seven ridges and seven valleys are the seven corners, and the pine on the stone is the pillar." He got up and went to look, and there was a hole in the top of the pillar, and he found in it one piece of a broken sword, and was greatly pleased. In the fourth month of summer in the fourth year of Hongjia in the Former Han (17 BC) he hurried to Goguryeo and offered the piece of the sword to the king. The king brought out the piece of the broken sword he had, and fitted them together, and blood came out and they joined into one sword. The king said to Yuri, "If you are truly my son, what holy power is in you?" At the word Yuri lifted his body and sprang into the air, and riding the sunlight that came in at the window he showed the wonder of his holy power. The king was greatly pleased, and made him crown prince.