Ye濊
1Ye — from the eight rules of Gija to the end of the Eastern Commandant of Nangnang
濊北與高句驪、沃沮，南與辰韓接，東窮大海，西至樂浪。濊及沃沮、句驪，本皆朝鮮之地也。昔武王封箕子於朝鮮，箕子教以禮義田蠶，又制八條之教。其人終不相益，無門户之閉。婦人貞信。飲食以籩豆。其後四十餘世，至朝鮮侯准自稱王。漢初大亂，燕、齊、趙人往避地者數萬口，而燕人衛滿擊破准，而自王朝鮮，傳國至孫右渠。元朔元年，濊君南閭等畔右渠，率二十八萬口詣遼東内屬，武帝以其地為蒼海郡，數年乃罷。至元封三年，滅朝鮮，分置樂浪、臨屯、玄菟、真番四郡。至昭帝始元五年，罷臨屯、真番，以并樂浪、玄菟。玄菟復徙居句驪。自單單大領已東，沃沮、濊貊悉屬樂浪。後以境土廣遠，復分領東七縣，置樂浪東部都尉。自内屬已後，風俗稍薄，法禁亦浸多，至有六十餘條。建武六年，省都尉官，遂棄領東地，悉封其渠帥為縣侯，皆歲時朝賀。
Ye borders Goguryeo and Okjeo on the north and Jinhan on the south. On the east it comes to the great sea, and on the west it reaches Nangnang. Ye and Okjeo and Guryeo were all in origin the land of Joseon.
Long ago King Wu enfeoffed Gija in Joseon, and Gija taught them the rites and righteousness, and field work and the raising of silkworms, and he made the teaching in eight articles besides. His people did not steal from one another to the end, and they did not shut their gates. The women were chaste and true. In eating and drinking they used the ritual vessels (籩豆). More than forty generations after that, Jun (準), the marquis of Joseon, came to call himself king.
At the beginning of Han there was great disorder, and tens of thousands of people of Yan, Qi, and Zhao fled to that land; and Wiman, a man of Yan, struck and broke Jun and was king in Joseon himself, and handed the country down to his grandson Ugeo (右渠).
In the first year of Yuanshuo, Namnyeo (南閭), a lord of Ye, and others revolted against Ugeo, and led two hundred and eighty thousand people to Liaodong and came in under the empire, and Emperor Wu made their land the commandery of Changhae (蒼海郡), but after some years he did away with it. By the third year of Yuanfeng he destroyed Joseon and divided it into the four commanderies of Nangnang, Imdun, Hyeondo, and Jinbeon. By the fifth year of Shiyuan under Emperor Zhao, Imdun and Jinbeon were done away with and joined to Nangnang and Hyeondo. Hyeondo moved again and went to live in Guryeo. East of the Dandan Great Ridge (單單大領), Okjeo and the Yemaek all belonged to Nangnang. Afterward, because the land was wide and far, the seven counties east of the ridge were divided off again and the Eastern Commandant of Nangnang was set up.
After they came in under the empire their customs grew thin little by little, and the laws and prohibitions also grew many, until there were more than sixty rules. In the sixth year of Jianwu the office of commandant was cut away and the land east of the ridge was given up at last, and they enfeoffed all their chiefs as county marquises, and all of them came to court with congratulations at the seasons.
2Mucheon — in the tenth month they sacrifice to Heaven, and they hold the tiger for a god
無大君長，其官有侯、邑君、三老。耆舊自謂與句驪同種，言語法俗大抵相類。其人性愚愨，少嗜欲，不請丐。男女皆衣曲領。其俗重山川，山川各有部界，不得妄相干涉。同姓不昏。多所忌諱，疾病死亡，輒捐棄舊宅，更造新居。知種麻，養蠶，作綿布。曉候星宿，豫知年歲豐約。常用十月祭天，晝夜飲酒歌舞，名之為“舞天”。又祠虎以為神。邑落有相侵犯者，輒相罰，責生口牛馬，名之為“責禍”。殺人者償死。少寇盜。能步戰，作矛長三丈，或數人共持之。樂浪檀弓出其地。又多文豹，有果下馬，海出班魚，使來皆獻之。
They have no great ruler. Among their offices there are marquis (侯), eupgun (邑君), and samno (三老). Their old men say of themselves that they are of the same stock as Guryeo, and their speech and their laws and customs are for the most part alike. The people are simple and honest by nature, with few desires, and they do not beg. Men and women alike wear clothes with a curved collar.
By their custom they hold mountains and rivers in honor, and each mountain and river has its own bounds, and they may not trespass on one another at will. Those of the same surname do not marry. They have many things they shun: when there is sickness or a death they leave the old house at once and build a new one. They know how to plant hemp and to raise silkworms and to weave cloth. They know how to watch the stars, and they know beforehand whether the year will be full or lean.
They always sacrifice to Heaven in the tenth month, and by night and by day they drink wine and sing and dance, and this is called Mucheon (舞天). They also sacrifice to the tiger and hold it for a god. When there are those in a settlement who trespass against another, they punish one another at once and exact people and oxen and horses, and this is called chaekhwa (責禍). Whoever kills a man pays for it with his death. There is little theft.
They are good at fighting on foot, and they make spears three fathoms long, and sometimes several men hold one together. The birch bow of Nangnang (檀弓) comes from that land. There are many patterned leopards besides, and the gwahama (果下馬) is there, and the spotted fish (班魚) comes from their sea, and their envoys offered all of these when they came.