Appendix: The "Inner Government" Chapter of the Guanzi附管子內政篇
管仲言於桓公曰公欲速得志於諸侯事有所隱而政有所寓公曰爲之奈何管子曰作內政而寓軍令焉爲高子之里爲國子之里爲公里三分齊國爲三軍擇其賢民爲里君而統其法令且敎以田獵而行其賞罰則民通於軍令矣公曰善管仲令伍家爲軌軌長率之四軌爲里二十人有司率之十里爲連連長率之十連爲鄕鄕良人率之五鄕爲軍五鄕師率之令不得遷徙春以蒐振旅秋以獮治兵軍旅政定於里人與人相愛家與家相保少相居長相游死喪相弔患難相恤吉凶相憂哭泣相哀夜戰其聲相聞足以無亂晝職其目相識歡欣足以相死以守則固以戰則勝公有此敎士三萬橫行天下誅無道以定周室天下大國之君莫之能禦也
Guan Zhong (管仲) said to Duke Huan (桓公): 「If my lord would quickly get his will among the feudal lords, then the business must have something kept hidden in it and the government something lodged in it.」 The Duke said: 「How is it to be done?」 Master Guan said: 「It is to make an inner government and lodge the military command within it. Make the villages (里) of Gao (高子), the villages of Guo (國子), and the villages of my lord, so dividing Qi (齊) into three and making them the three armies; choose the worthy among the people and make them elders of the villages, to have charge of their laws and commands; and teach them besides by the hunt and carry out reward and punishment — then the people will be versed in military command.」 The Duke said, 「Good.」
Guan Zhong made five households a gui (軌), and had the head of the gui lead it; four gui a village, and had the officer (有司) of its twenty men lead it; ten villages a lian (連), and had the head of the lian lead it; ten lian a xiang (鄕), and had the good man (良人) lead it; five xiang an army, and had the commander of the five xiang lead it; and he did not let them move their dwellings. In spring he put the host in order by the hunt, and in autumn he governed the troops by the hunt; and so the government of the host was settled within the villages.
Man loved man and household kept household whole; in childhood they lived together and grown up they played together; when there was a death and mourning they condoled with one another, and in calamity they relieved one another; in good things and in ill they were troubled for one another, and when they wept they grieved together. If they fought by night they could hear one another's voices and not fall into disorder; if they went about their charges by day their eyes could know one another, and they were glad to die for one another. Holding, they were firm; fighting, they won; and with thirty thousand soldiers so taught, the Duke crossed the whole world, cut down those who had no way in them, and settled the royal house of Zhou (周). The rulers of the great states of the world could not withstand him.
余旣以隣里之民編伍爲兵且擇其里之才堪統率者爲哨官規式已具頒行京畿等道適安東提督高叔明以管子內政篇見示不意鄙見偶與相符因附于後使觀者有所取信焉
I had already ordered the people of the neighboring villages into ranks and made them soldiers, and had chosen besides those in the villages with the skill to lead and made them company officers; the forms were already furnished and promulgated and put in practice in Gyeonggi and the other provinces. Just then Gao Shuming (高叔明), Commander-in-chief of Andong, showed me the "Inner Government" chapter of the Guanzi (管子); and since my own narrow view had, beyond all expectation, chanced to agree with it, I append it here so that the reader may have something to trust in.