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The Jurchen Jin金祖名旻姓完顔

Jewang Ungi (Rhymed Chronicle of Emperors and Kings) 帝王韻紀 · Yi Seunghyu · 1287 (Goryeo, 13th year of King Chungnyeol) · 5 passages · 70 Chinese characters · reading time 0.3 min

Jewang Ungi (Rhymed Chronicle of Emperors and Kings) Upper Book From Pangu to the Jurchen Jin, from Dangun to Goryeo — an epic that weaves the two histories, of China and of the East, into verse. Declaring that there is a world apart in Liaodong, it sets the history of Korea beside that of China, and it is one of the first histories to sing of Dangun as the founding ancestor of every state on the Korean peninsula. The author's own one hundred and ninety-seven interlinear notes are carried with it.

1Taizu of the Jurchen Jin, of the Wanyan house

○金祖名旻姓完顔, 因敗遼軍初得志.

The founding ancestor of the Jurchen Jin was named Min (旻), of the surname Wanyan, and it was in breaking the Liao army that he first found his purpose.

Interlinear notes 5

太祖虎元帝, 以遼天慶四年甲午, 敗遼軍於鴨江, 其明年乙未, 群臣 卽皇帝位. 以是年爲元, 我肅宗十一年也. 都上京, 土德. 至太宗會同三年, 卒平遼, 四年克宋. 至哀帝天興元年, 天兵圍汴. 帝奔歸德, 轉側至汝墳, 明年自焚而死. 自太祖至哀帝, 凡九主, 合一百一十八年. 傳之大元.

This is Taizu, Emperor Wuyuan (武元帝). In the jiawu year, the fourth year of Tianqing of Liao, he broke the Liao army at the Yalu River, and in the next year, yiwei, the ministers raised him to the imperial throne. He made that year his first year, which was the eleventh year of our Sukjong. He set his capital at Shangjing, and his power was earth. By the third year of Huitong under Taizong he had at last subdued Liao, and in the fourth year he overcame Song. By the first year of Tianxing under Emperor Ai, the Heavenly army surrounded Bianjing. The emperor fled to Guide, drifted as far as Rufen (汝墳), and the next year burned himself to death. From Taizu down to Emperor Ai there were nine rulers in all, one hundred and eighteen years. The throne passed to the Great Yuan (大元).

太祖虎元帝 — the base text writes 虎 for 武, avoiding the name of King Hyejong of Goryeo, so it is read Emperor Wuyuan (武元帝). ― translator

天兵 — this means the Mongol army. ― translator

我肅宗十一年 — this looks like an error for the tenth year of Yejong, but the base text is left as it stands. ― translator

姓完顔 — a Jurchen name written in Chinese characters. Khitan and Jurchen names are given in Korean readings of those characters, since the sound in their own tongue cannot be fixed. The same surname is commonly met in Wanyan Aguda. ― translator

2He subdues Liao and overcomes Song

平遼克宋遷都燕, 毛方尾域承頣指.

He subdued Liao, overcame Song, and moved his capital to Yanjing, and the lands of fur and knotted tails all took their orders from the lift of his chin.

3Mount Wanshoushen

淸平日久事豪華, 萬壽神山聳蒼翠.

When the days of calm had long run on, he gave himself to splendor, and Mount Wanshoushen (萬壽神山) rose up green and lofty.

Interlinear notes 2

章宗皇帝所築, 三十六洞也. 上有廣官宮, 內有王殿, 東有長朝殿, 南有元春殿, 今上國畢功. 臣奉使入朝, 侍宴三遊.

Emperor Zhangzong built it, and it has thirty-six grottoes. Above it stands the Guanghan Palace, and within that the Jade Hall, and to the east the Changzhao Hall and to the south the Yuanchun Hall. The present suzerain state finished the work. Your subject went on a mission and entered the court, and attended the banquet and wandered there three times.

今上國 — this means Yuan. ― translator

4The fine force gathered at Pingzhou

其先大史烏古剌, 山水平州鍾秀氣.

Their forebear, the grand scribe (大史) Wugula, was born where the hills and waters of Pingzhou (平州) gathered their finest force.

5The land of their father and mother

故應謂我父母鄕, 結爲兄弟通信使.

So they rightly called us the land of their father and mother, and they bound themselves as brothers and exchanged envoys of trust (信使).

Interlinear notes 2

金人詩云, ‘燕地神仙窟, 三韓父母鄕.’ 蓋不忘本也.

A poem by a man of the Jurchen Jin says, "The land of Yan is a grotto of immortals, and Samhan is the home of father and mother." This was, in short, not forgetting the root.

臣嘗爲式目執事, 閱都監文書, 偶得金國詔書二通. 其序皆云, ‘大金國皇帝, 寄書于高麗國皇帝云云.’ 此結兄弟之訂也.

Your subject once served as an officer of the Singmok Dogam, and while going through its documents he came by chance upon two edicts of the Jurchen Jin. Each of them opened, "The emperor of the Great Jin sends a letter to the emperor of the state of Goryeo," and so on. This is the proof of the brotherhood they bound.