Yetgeul › Zhongyong (The Doctrine of the Mean)

Chapter 2727장

Zhongyong (The Doctrine of the Mean) 中庸 · Ascribed to Zisi · A text carried in the Book of Rites · 1 passages · 289 Chinese characters · reading time 1.2 min

Zhongyong (The Doctrine of the Mean) It begins: "What Heaven decrees is called the nature. Following the nature is called the way. Cultivating the way is called teaching." Of the Four Books it is the one that reaches furthest. The first half gathers the words of Confucius to say why the mean is so hard — all under heaven can be governed evenly, rank and pay can be declined, a bare blade can be trodden on, and still the mean cannot be done. The second half turns on truth alone, saying that truth is the way of Heaven and making oneself true is the way of man, and it goes at last to standing third beside Heaven and earth. The saying "where another is able in one try, I make it a hundred; where another is able in ten, I make it a thousand" comes from here too.

故至誠無息。不息則久,久則徵。徵則悠遠。悠遠,則博厚。博厚,則高明。博厚,所以載物也。高明,所以覆物也。悠久,所以成物也。博厚,配地。高明,配天。悠久,無疆。如此者,不見而章,不動而變,無爲而成。天地之道,可一言而盡也。其爲物不貳,則其生物不測。天地之道,博也、厚也、高也、明也、悠也、久也。今夫天,斯昭昭之多,及其無窮也,日月星辰系焉,萬物覆焉。今夫地,一撮土之多,及其廣厚,載華岳而不重,振河海而不泄,萬物載焉。今夫山,一卷石之多,及其廣大,草木生之,禽獸居之,寶藏興焉。今夫水,一勺之多,及其不測,黿鼉、蛟龍、魚鱉生焉,貨財殖焉。《詩》云:「維天之命,於穆不已。」蓋曰,天之所以爲天也。「於乎不顯,文王之德之純。」蓋曰,文王之所以爲文也。純亦不已。

So the utmost truth does not rest. Not resting, it lasts long. Lasting long, it shows outwardly. Showing outwardly, it reaches far. Reaching far, it is broad and thick. Broad and thick, it is high and bright.

Broad and thick is how things are carried. High and bright is how things are covered. Far and long is how things are completed. Broad and thick matches earth. High and bright matches heaven. Far and long has no border.

What is like this shows without being seen, changes without stirring, completes without doing.

The way of heaven and earth can be told in a single word. Its being as a thing is not double, so its giving birth to things cannot be measured. The way of heaven and earth is broad, thick, high, bright, far, and long.

Take heaven: it is only so many small bright things gathered together, yet when it comes to its endlessness, the sun and the moon and the stars hang upon it, and the ten thousand things are covered by it. Take the earth: it is only so many handfuls of soil gathered together, yet when it comes to its breadth and thickness, it carries Mount Hua (華岳) and does not find it heavy, it holds the rivers and the seas and does not leak, and the ten thousand things are carried upon it. Take the mountain: it is only so many fist sized stones gathered together, yet when it comes to its breadth and greatness, grass and trees grow on it, birds and beasts live on it, and treasures come forth from it. Take the water: it is only so many ladlefuls gathered together, yet when it comes to its unmeasured depth, great turtles and alligators, scaly dragons, fish and soft-shelled turtles are born in it, and goods and wealth multiply in it.

The Odes say, "O, the decree of heaven, how deep it is and never ceasing." This tells how heaven came to be heaven. "Ah, is it not shown, the purity of the virtue of King Wen." This tells how King Wen came to be Wen (文). Purity too does not stop.