Constrained in Will莊子 外篇 刻意
1Five kinds of scholar
刻意尚行，離世異俗，高論怨誹，為亢而已矣；此山谷之士，非世之人，枯槁赴淵者之所好也。語仁義忠信，恭儉推讓，為修而已矣；此平世之士，教誨之人，遊居學者之所好也。語大功，立大名，禮君臣，正上下，為治而已矣；此朝廷之士，尊主強國之人，致功并兼者之所好也。就藪澤，處閒曠，釣魚閒處，无為而已矣；此江海之士，避世之人，閒暇者之所好也。吹呴呼吸，吐故納新，熊經鳥申，為壽而已矣；此道引之士，養形之人，彭祖壽考者之所好也。
To carve the will and exalt conduct, to leave the age and part from its customs, to talk loftily and to resent and revile — this is stiffness and nothing more. Such are the scholars of the mountain valleys, the men who condemn the age, and this is what those withered ones who throw themselves into deep pools love.
To speak of benevolence and rightness, of loyalty and good faith, of respect and thrift and yielding — this is cultivation and nothing more. Such are the scholars of an age at peace, the men who teach and instruct, and this is what the wandering students love.
To speak of great deeds and set up a great name, to keep the rites of ruler and minister and to set high and low in order — this is government and nothing more. Such are the scholars of the court, the men who honor the ruler and strengthen the state, and this is what those who achieve merit and swallow up lands love.
To go off to thicket and marsh, to dwell in idle open places, to fish and live at ease — this is doing nothing and nothing more. Such are the scholars of the rivers and seas, the men who flee the age, and this is what the idle love.
To blow and breathe out and in, to spit out the old and take in the new, to stretch like a bear and spread like a bird — this is long life and nothing more. Such are the scholars who guide the breath, the men who nourish the body, and this is what those who would live as long as Pengzu love.
2Lofty without carving the will
若夫不刻意而高，无仁義而修，无功名而治，无江海而閒，不道引而壽，无不忘也，无不有也，澹然无極而衆美從之。此天地之道，聖人之德也。
But take the man who is lofty without carving the will, cultivated without benevolence and rightness, well governed without deeds or name, at ease without rivers and seas, long lived without guiding the breath. There is nothing he does not forget, and nothing he does not have. He is placid and without limit, and every beauty follows him. This is the Way of heaven and earth, and the virtue of the sage.
3Placid and calm, and no care can enter
故曰，夫恬淡寂漠虛无无為，此天地之平而道德之質也。故曰，聖人休休焉則平易矣，平易則恬淡矣。平易恬淡，則憂患不能入，邪氣不能襲，故其德全而神不虧。
Therefore it is said. To be placid and calm, silent and lonely, empty and without, and doing nothing — this is the levelness of heaven and earth, and the ground of the Way and its virtue.
Therefore it is said. When the sage rests and rests, he becomes level and easy. Level and easy, he becomes placid. Level and easy and placid, he cannot be entered by care and trouble, and no crooked air can strike him. So his virtue is whole and his spirit is never damaged.
4His life is a floating, his death a rest
故曰，聖人之生也天行，其死也物化；靜而與陰同德，動而與陽同波；不為福先，不為禍始；感而後應，迫而後動，不得已而後起。去知與故，循天之理。故无天災，无物累，无人非，无鬼責。其生若浮，其死若休。不思慮，不豫謀。光矣而不耀，信矣而不期。其寢不夢，其覺无憂。其神純粹，其魂不罷。虛无恬惔，乃合天德。
Therefore it is said. The life of the sage is the moving of heaven. His death is the changing of things. Still, he shares the virtue of yin. Moving, he shares the wave of yang. He does not go before good fortune. He does not begin ill fortune. He answers when he is moved. He stirs when he is pressed. He rises only when there is no other way. He puts away knowledge and old habit, and follows the pattern of heaven.
So there is no disaster from heaven for him, no entanglement with things, no blame from people, no reproach from ghosts. His life is a floating. His death is a rest. He does not ponder. He does not plan ahead. He shines but does not dazzle. He keeps faith but fixes no appointment. He sleeps without dreaming. He wakes without care. His spirit is pure. His soul is never worn out. Empty and without, placid and calm, he matches the virtue of heaven.
5A heart with no sorrow and no joy is the height of virtue
故曰，悲樂者，德之邪；喜怒者，道之過；好惡者，德之失。故心不憂樂，德之至也；一而不變，靜之至也；无所於忤，虛之至也；不與物交，惔之至也；无所於逆，粹之至也。故曰：形勞而不休則弊，精用而不已則勞，勞則竭。
Therefore it is said. Sorrow and joy are a crookedness in virtue. Delight and anger are a fault in the Way. Liking and disliking are a loss of virtue.
So a heart with no sorrow and no joy is the height of virtue. To be one and unchanging is the height of stillness. To meet nothing that goes against you is the height of emptiness. To have no dealings with things is the height of calm. To oppose nothing is the height of purity.
Therefore it is said. When the body labors and does not rest, it wears out. When the essence is used and never stops, it tires. Tired, it runs dry.
6The nature of water — the way of nourishing the spirit
水之性，不雜則清，莫動則平；鬱閉而不流，亦不能清，天德之象也。故曰：純粹而不雜，靜一而不變，惔而无為，動而以天行，此養神之道也。夫有干越之劍者，柙而藏之，不敢用也，寶之至也，精神四達並流，无所不極，上際於天，下蟠於地，化育萬物，不可為象，其名為同帝。
The nature of water is this. Unmixed, it is clear. Unstirred, it is level. Yet dammed up so that it does not flow, it cannot be clear either. It is the image of the virtue of heaven.
Therefore it is said. Pure and unmixed, still and one and unchanging, calm and doing nothing, moving only with the moving of heaven — this is the way of nourishing the spirit.
A man who owns a sword of Gan or Yue keeps it in its case and does not dare to use it. That is the height of treasuring.
The spirit reaches through the four directions and flows everywhere, and there is no place it does not reach. Above it touches heaven. Below it coils in the earth. It nourishes and rears the ten thousand things, yet no image can be made of it. Its name is the equal of the Lord on High.
7He who embodies purity and plainness is a true man
純素之道，唯神是守。守而勿失，與神為一；一之精通，合於天倫。野語有之曰：「衆人重利，廉士重名，賢人尚志，聖人貴精。」故素也者，謂其无所與雜也；純也者，謂其不虧其神也。能體純素，謂之真人。
The way of purity and plainness is only to guard the spirit. Guard it and do not lose it, and you are one with the spirit. When that oneness of essence passes through, it matches the order of heaven.
There is a country saying. "The many make much of gain. The honest scholar makes much of name. The worthy man exalts his purpose. The sage prizes the essence."
So plainness means that nothing is mixed into it. Purity means that the spirit is not damaged. One who can embody purity and plainness is called a true man.