Empress Jitō持統天皇

Empress Takamanohara Hironohime (高天原廣野姬天皇) was called in her childhood Princess Unonosarara. She was the second daughter of Emperor Amemikoto Hirakasuwake. Her mother was called Ochi no Iratsume. The empress was deep and calm, and of great breadth of mind.

In the third year of Empress Ametoyotakara Ikashihitarashihime she was married to Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito and became his consort. Though she was the daughter of a sovereign, she loved propriety and was frugal, and she had the virtue that becomes a mother.

In the first year of Emperor Amemikoto Hirakasuwake she bore Prince Kusakabe no Mikoto at the palace of Ōtsu.

In the tenth year, the tenth month, she followed Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito, who had become a monk, into Yoshino, and so escaped the suspicion of the court. The story is in the chronicle of Emperor Amemikoto Hirakasuwake.

In the first year of Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito, in summer, the sixth month, she followed Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito and fled the trouble into the eastern lands. They put the soldiers in order and gathered the host, and at last settled the plan together. Then they divided tens of thousands of men who braved death, and set them in the places of advantage.

In autumn, the seventh month, the generals of the army of Mino and the strong men of Yamato together put Prince Ōtomo to death, and carried his head to the palace of Fuwa.

In the second year she was set up as empress. From the first until now the empress helped the emperor and settled the realm. Whenever she was at his side in attendance, her words would turn to the affairs of government, and in many things she gave help.

In the ninth month, the first day being a musul day, on the byeongo day, Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito died. The empress came to the court and took the rule upon herself.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a mujin day, on the gisa day, the plot of Prince Ōtsu came to light. Prince Ōtsu was seized, and with him were seized more than thirty men who had been led into error by Prince Ōtsu: Yakuchi no Asomi Otokashi of the rank of jikikōshi, Iki no Muraji Hakatoko of shōsenge, the ōtoneri Nakatomi no Asomi Omimaro, Kose no Asomi Oyasu, the monk of Silla Haengsim (行心), and the guardsman Toki no Michitsukuri and the rest.

On the gyeongo day Prince Ōtsu was made to die at the house in Osada. He was then twenty-four years old. His consort, Princess Yamabe, with her hair loose and her feet bare, ran to him and died with him. All who saw it sobbed aloud.

Prince Ōtsu was the third son of Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito. His bearing was upright as a wall, and his voice and his speech were fine and clear, so that Emperor Amemikoto Hirakasuwake loved him. When he grew up he was ready in speech and had talent and learning, and he loved writing above all. The rise of poems and odes began with Ōtsu.

On the byeongsin day a decree was given. "Prince Ōtsu has rebelled. He led into error the officers and the people and the guardsmen, and they could not help themselves. Now that Prince Ōtsu is gone, all his followers who were held liable with Prince Ōtsu are pardoned. Only Toki no Michitsukuri is banished to Izu."

Again a decree was given. "The monk of Silla Haengsim plotted rebellion with Prince Ōtsu, but I cannot bear to lay the law upon him. Let him be moved to a temple in the land of Hida."

In the eleventh month, the first day being a jeongyu day, on the imja day, Princess Ōku, who had served the shrine of Ise, came back to the capital. On the gyechuk day the earth shook.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a jeongmyo day, on the eulyu day, a great assembly free to all was set out for Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito at five temples, namely Daikan, Asuka, Kawara, Oharida Toyura and Sakata.

On the imjin day cloth and silk were given to the lonely and the aged of the capital, to each after his degree.

In the intercalary twelfth month the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi offered sixty-two people of the three lands, men and women of Goryeo, Baekje and Silla, together with monks and nuns.

In this year a snake and a dog coupled, and before long both died.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a byeongin day, the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank to the palace of temporary burial, and they wailed aloud. Fuse no Asomi Minushi, the counselor, read the eulogy. This was the rite. When the eulogy was ended, the multitude made their lament. Next the company of monks made their lament. Then Ki no Asomi Mahito, the master of the table, and the rest set out the offerings. When the offerings were ended, the men of the kitchen and the uneme made their lament. The officers of music made music.

On the gyeongo day the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank to the palace of temporary burial, and they wailed aloud. The company of monks followed and made their lament.

On the gyeongjin day coarse silk and floss silk were given to those in the capital who were eighty years old and upward, to those grievously sick, and to those so poor that they could not keep themselves, to each after his degree.

On the gapsin day Tanaka no Asomi Norimaro of jikikōshi and Mori no Kimi Karita of tsuidaini and the rest were sent as envoys to Silla, to announce the mourning for the emperor.

In the third month, the first day being an eulchuk day, on the gimyo day, fifty-six people of Goryeo who had come over and submitted were settled in the land of Hitachi. Fields were allotted to them and grain was given them, that they might live at ease in their calling.

On the gapsin day a garland of flowers was offered at the palace of temporary burial. This is called mikage. On this day Tajihi no Mahito Maro read the eulogy. This was the rite.

On the byeongsul day fourteen people of Silla who had come over and submitted were settled in the land of Shimotsuke. Fields were allotted to them and grain was given them, that they might live at ease in their calling.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a gabo day, on the gyemyo day, the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi offered twenty-two monks and nuns and men and women of Silla who had come over and submitted. They were settled in the land of Musashi. Fields were allotted to them and grain was given them, that they might live at ease in their calling.

In the fifth month, the first day being a gapja day, on the eulyu day, the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank to the palace of temporary burial, and they wailed aloud. Then the chiefs of Ōsumi and of Ata among the Hayato each led his own people, and they came forward in turn and read the eulogy.

In the sixth month, the first day being a gyesa day, on the gyeongsin day, the prisoners were pardoned.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a gyehae day, on the gapja day, a decree was given. "Of all who are in debt, take no interest on what was owed before the year eulyu. If any have already worked with their bodies, do not make them work for the interest."

On the sinmi day gifts were given to the three hundred and thirty-seven chiefs of Ōsumi and of Ata among the Hayato, to each after his degree.

In the eighth month, the first day being an imjin day, on the byeongsin day, an offering was made at the palace of temporary burial. This is called miaoi.

On the jeongyu day the old people of the capital, men and women, all came to the west of the bridge and wailed aloud.

On the gimi day the empress sent Fujiwara no Asomi Ōshima of jikidaishi and Kibumi no Muraji Ōtomo of jikidaishi to invite and gather three hundred monks of great virtue at Asukadera, and kesa were bestowed on them, one robe to each man. It was said, "These were sewn and made from the robes of Emperor Amenonunahara Okinomahito." The words of the decree were bitter and cutting, and cannot be set down in full.

In the ninth month, the first day being an imsul day, on the gyeongo day, fasts for the day of national mourning were set out in the temples of the capital. On the sinmi day a fast was set out at the palace of temporary burial.

On the gapsin day Silla sent Kim Sangnim (金霜林), the king's son, Kim Salmo (金薩慕) of the rank of geupchan, Kim Insul (金仁述) of geupchan, So Yangsin (蘇陽信) of the rank of daesa, and the rest, to lay the affairs of their country before the court and to ask upon them, and they offered tribute and taxes besides. The student monk Jiryung (智隆) came with them.

The ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi then told Sangnim and the rest that the emperor had died. That same day Sangnim and the rest all put on mourning, turned to the east, bowed three times and thrice wailed aloud.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a sinmyo day, on the imja day, the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank, and with them the kuni no tsukasa of the provinces, the kuni no miyatsuko and the people, men and women, and they began to build the tomb of Ōuchi.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a sinmyo day, on the gyeongja day, Michi no Mahito Tomi of jikikōsan was made the officer to entertain the envoy of Silla. In this year the year sign was jeonghae.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a gyeongsin day, the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank to the palace of temporary burial, and they wailed aloud.

On the sinyu day the company of monks made their lament at the palace of temporary burial.

On the jeongmyo day a great assembly free to all was set out at Yakushiji.

On the imo day the death of the emperor was made known to Kim Sangnim of Silla and the rest. Then Kim Sangnim and the rest thrice wailed aloud.

In the second month, the first day being a gyeongin day, on the sinmyo day, the ōmikotomochi offered the tribute and taxes of Silla: gold, silver, silk, cloth, hides, copper, iron and the like, more than ten kinds. Offered apart from these were a Buddha image, silks of every color, birds, horses and the like, more than ten kinds; and the gold, the silver, the colored stuffs and all manner of rare things offered by Sangnim, more than eighty kinds in all.

On the gihae day Sangnim and the rest were feasted at the guest house of Tsukushi, and gifts were given, to each after his degree.

On the eulsa day a decree was given. "From this time on, whenever a day of national mourning comes round, a fast must be held."

On the muo day Sangnim and the rest ended their business and went home.

In the third month, the first day being a gimi day, on the gimyo day, a garland of flowers was offered at the palace of temporary burial. Fujiwara no Asomi Ōshima read the eulogy.

In the fifth month, the first day being a muo day, on the eulchuk day, Gyeongsudeongnari (敬須德那利) of Baekje was moved to the land of Kai.

In the sixth month, the first day being a muja day, on the musul day, a decree was given. "Of the prisoners bound under heaven, let those under the extreme punishment have it lowered one degree from their first crime, and let all who are lightly bound be pardoned and set free. Let the whole realm bring in only half of this year's tribute and taxes."

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a jeongsa day, on the jeongmyo day, a great prayer for rain was made. It was because of the drought.

On the byeongja day the monk of Baekje Dojang (道藏) was commanded to pray for rain. Before the morning was out, rain fell everywhere under heaven.

In the eighth month, the first day being a jeonghae day, on the byeongsin day, an offering was made at the palace of temporary burial and they wailed aloud. Then Ōtomo no Sukune Yasumaro read the eulogy.

On the jeongyu day Ise no Ōkimi of jōdaishi was commanded to set forth the rites of the burial.

On the sinhae day the king of Tamna sent the jwapyeong Gara (加羅), who came and offered the products of his land.

In the ninth month, the first day being a byeongjin day, on the muin day, the jwapyeong Gara of Tamna and the rest were feasted at the guest house of Tsukushi, and gifts were given, to each after his degree.

In winter, the eleventh month, the first day being an eulmyo day, on the muo day, the crown prince led the nobles and the officers of every rank, and with them the guests of the outer lands, to the palace of temporary burial, and they wailed aloud. Then the offerings were set out, and the shield dance was performed to the beat. The ministers each told of the service their own forefathers had done, and came forward in turn and read the eulogy.

On the gimi day more than a hundred and ninety Emishi bore tribute and taxes on their backs and read the eulogy.

On the eulchuk day Fuse no Asomi Minushi and Ōtomo no Sukune Miyuki came forward in turn and read. Tagima no Mahito Chitoko of jikikōshi read out the order in which the imperial ancestors had come to the throne. This was the rite. In the old speech it is called hitsugi.

When this was ended, he was buried in the tomb of Ōuchi.

In the twelfth month, the first day being an eulyu day, on the byeongsin day, two hundred and thirteen Emishi, men and women, were feasted under the zelkova tree west of Asukadera. Then rank was given them, and gifts, to each after his degree.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a gabin day, the empress received the homage of all the lands in the front hall.

On the eulmyo day the bureau of the great school offered eighty staves.

On the byeongjin day Maro and Tetsuori, the sons of Shiriko of mudaishi, an Emishi who kept the fortress in the district of Ukitamu in the land of Mutsu, asked leave to shave their temples and their hair and become monks. A decree was given. "Maro and the rest are young, yet they are quiet and of few desires. They have come at last to this, eating herbs and keeping the commandments. Let them leave the world and follow the Way, as they ask."

On the gyeongsin day the nobles were feasted, and robes and trousers were given them.

On the sinyu day Tanaka no Asomi Norimaro and the rest, the envoys to Silla, came back from Silla.

On the imsul day a decree was given to the kuni no tsukasa of Izumo, to send up the men of the outer lands who had met with wind and waves.

On this day the Emishi monk Dōshin of Koshi was given one Buddha image, one banner of consecration, one bell and one bowl, five feet each of silk of the five colors, five tun of floss silk, ten ends of cloth, ten hoes and one saddle.

Awata no Mahito no Asomi and the rest, the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi, offered a hundred and seventy-four Hayato, and with them fifty jō of cloth, six ox hides and fifty deer hides.

On the mujin day the civil and military officers brought in firewood. On the gisa day food was given to the officers of every rank.

On the sinmi day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gapsul day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

In the second month, the first day being a gapsin day, on the byeongsin day, a decree was given. "Let the frontier guards of Tsukushi be relieved when their term of years is full."

On the giyu day Takeda no Ōkimi of jōkōshi, Haji no Sukune Nemaro of jikikōshi, Ōyake no Asomi Maro, Fujiwara no Asomi Fubito, Tagima no Mahito Sakurai of mudaishi, Hozumi no Asomi Yamamori, Nakatomi no Asomi Omimaro, Kose no Asomi Oyasu and Ōmiwa no Asomi Yasumaro were made judges.

In the third month, the first day being a gyechuk day, on the byeongja day, there was a great pardon under heaven. Only those whom the common pardon does not free were not in the roll of the pardon.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a gyemi day, on the gyeongin day, people of Silla who had come over and submitted were settled in Shimotsuke.

On the eulmi day the crown prince, Prince Kusakabe no Mikoto, died.

On the imin day Silla sent Kim Dona (金道那) of the rank of geupchan and the rest to mourn for Emperor Okinomahito, and with them sent up the student monks Myeongchong (明聰), Gwanji (觀智) and the rest. They offered apart one image each of Amida in gilt bronze, of the bodhisattva Kanzeon in gilt bronze and of the bodhisattva Daiseishi, and colored silks, brocade and figured gauze.

On the gapjin day Kasuga no Ōkimi died.

On the giyu day a decree was given. "The servants of the several offices shall have four days' leave in a month."

In the fifth month, the first day being a gyechuk day, on the gapsul day, Haji no Sukune Nemaro was commanded to declare a decree to Kim Dona of the rank of geupchan, the envoy of Silla who had come to mourn, and to the rest.

"The ministers of the great council of state bear the imperial command and declare it.

In the second year Tanaka no Asomi Norimaro and the rest were sent to tell of the mourning for the late emperor. At that time Silla said, 'Those in Silla who receive an imperial command have from the first been of the rank of sopan. Now it shall be so again.' For this reason Norimaro and the rest could not deliver the decree they had come to declare.

If we speak of what went before: long ago, when the emperor who ruled the realm at the palace of Naniwa died, Kose no Inamochi and the rest were sent, and on the day the mourning was told, Kim Chunchu (金春秋) of the rank of yechan received the command. Yet now it is said that a sopan receives the command. This is against what went before.

Again, when the emperor who ruled the realm at the palace of Ōmi died, Kim Saryu (金薩儒) of the rank of ilgilchan and the rest were sent to mourn. Yet now a geupchan comes to mourn. This too is against what went before.

Again, Silla declared from the first, 'Our country, from the age of the far imperial ancestors of Japan, has served without letting the sterns of its ships grow dry and without laying down the oars.' Yet now there is but one ship. This too departs from the old rule.

Again it was declared, 'From the age of the far imperial ancestors of Japan we have served with a clear and white heart.' Yet you do not think to spend your loyalty and to make your proper duty shine. You wound that clearness and whiteness, and by falsehood you seek favor and flattery.

For this reason the tribute and taxes, and the things offered apart, are sealed up and sent back. Yet the kindness with which our country has loved you broadly from the age of its far imperial ancestors cannot be cut off. Therefore be the more diligent and the more careful, be fearful and watchful, mend your duty and follow the law, and the court of heaven will love you broadly again.

You, Dona, and the rest, take this command that you have received and declare it to your king."

In the sixth month, the first day being an imo day, robes were given to the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi and the rest.

On the gyemi day Prince Shiki, Sami no Asomi Sukunamaro of jikikōshi, Hata no Asomi Mugohe, Iyobe no Muraji Umakai of gonkōshi, Tsuki no Imiki Okina, Ōtomo no Sukune Teuchi of mudaisan and Kose no Asomi Oyasu and the rest were appointed to the office for choosing fine words.

On the gyeongja day rice was given to Xu Shouyan (續守言) and Sa Hongke (薩弘恪) of the great Tang and the rest, to each after his degree.

On the sinchuk day a decree was given to Awata no Mahito no Asomi and the rest, the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi, that a hundred and forty geun of floss silk each should be given to the student monks Myeongchong and Gwanji and the rest, to be sent to their teachers and friends in Silla.

On the eulsa day Kim Dona and the rest, the envoys of Silla who came to mourn, were entertained at Okori in Tsukushi, and gifts were given, to each after his degree.

On the gyeongsul day one set of the code in twenty-two rolls was given out to the several offices.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being an imja day, there were sent to Jitoku, the Emishi monk of Mutsu, at his asking, one gilt bronze image of Yakushi and one image of the bodhisattva Kanzeon, and a bell, a sara, a jeweled canopy, a censer, banners and other things.

On this day Kim Dona and the rest, the envoys of Silla who came to mourn, ended their business and went home.

On the byeongin day a decree was given to the officers of the left and right of the capital and to the kuni no tsukasa of the provinces, to build grounds for the practice of archery.

On the sinmi day Kashiwabara no Hiroyama, a man of the district of Shibukawa in the land of Kawachi, who had falsely given himself out as a palace guard, was banished to the land of Tosa. The rank of tsuikōsan was given to Ikube no Muraji Tora, the palace guard who had seized the false guard Hiroyama.

On the gapsul day gifts were given to Yatsuri no Na and the rest, Emishi of Koshi, to each after his degree.

In autumn, the eighth month, the first day being a sinsa day, on the imo day, the officers of every rank gathered at the office of the gods and declared the matters of the gods of heaven and of earth.

On the gapsin day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the byeongsin day fishing and hunting were forbidden within a thousand paces of the sea of Muko in the land of Settsu, in the twenty thousand plots of the moor of Nagi in the district of Ade in the land of Kii, and in the twenty thousand plots of Muno in the district of Iga in the land of Iga, and keepers were set there, after the manner of the sea of Takashi in the district of Ōtori in the land of Kawachi.

On the jeongyu day gifts were given to the nobles, to each after his degree.

On the sinchuk day a decree was given to Tanaka no Asomi Norimaro, the governor general of Iyo, and the rest. "The white swallow taken in the district of Miki in the land of Sanuki is to be set free and reared."

On the gyemyo day she watched the shooting.

In the intercalary eighth month, the first day being a sinhae day, on the gyeongsin day, a decree was given to the kuni no tsukasa of the provinces. "This winter the household registers may be made. Let the ninth month be the limit for searching out and seizing those who wander without a home. As for the soldiers, in every land divide them into four parts and choose out one part, and let these practice the arts of war."

On the jeongchuk day Kawachi no Ōkimi of jōkōshi was made ōmikotomochi no kami of Tsukushi. Weapons were given him, and gifts. The rank of jikikōichi was given to Tajihi no Mahito Shima of jikikōni. A hundred houses were added to his fief, counted with what he had before.

In the ninth month, the first day being a gyeongjin day, on the gichuk day, Isonokami no Asomi Maro of jikikōsan and Ishikawa no Asomi Mushina of jikikōshi and the rest were sent to Tsukushi to deliver the patents of rank (位記), and to look at the new fortress as well.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a gyeongsul day, on the gyeongsin day, the empress went to the castle of Takayasu.

On the sinmi day Shimotsuke no Asomi Komaro of jikikōshi asked leave to free six hundred slaves. It was granted as he asked.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a gimyo day, on the byeongsul day, at the middle market, Takata no Obito Iwanari of tsuikōni was praised for his skill in the three arts of war, and gifts were given him.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a giyu day, on the byeongjin day, the game of double sixes was forbidden.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a muin day, Mononobe no Maro no Asomi set up the great shields. Nakatomi no Ōshima no Asomi, the master of the office of the gods, read the words of blessing of the gods of heaven. When this was done, Imbe no Sukune Shikobuchi presented the divine seal, the sword and the mirror to the empress. The empress ascended the throne. The nobles and the officers of every rank stood in their ranks, bowed all around and clapped their hands.

On the gimyo day the nobles and the officers of every rank did homage at court, as at the rite of the new year assembly. Tajihi no Shima no Mahito and Fuse no Minushi no Asomi gave her joy on her coming to the throne.

On the gyeongjin day the nobles were feasted within the palace. Robes were then given them.

On the imjin day the officers of every rank brought in firewood.

On the gabo day there was a great pardon under heaven. Only those whom the common pardon does not free were not in the roll of the pardon. Those who had rank were given one step of rank. To the widowers and the widows, the lonely, the grievously sick and those so poor that they could not keep themselves, rice was given, and their tribute and their labor service were remitted.

On the jeongyu day a hundred examiners (解部) were appointed to the ministry of punishments.

On the gyeongja day offerings of cloth were shared out to the gods of heaven and of earth within the home provinces, and their shrine households and their lands were increased.

In the second month, the first day being a musin day, on the imja day, the empress went to the slope of Wakigami and looked at the horses of the nobles and the grandees.

On the muo day Jeongil (詮吉), a monk of Silla, and Buk Joji (北助知) of the rank of geupchan and the rest, fifty men, came over and submitted.

On the gapja day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the byeongin day a fast was set out within the palace.

On the imsin day twelve men of Silla who had come over and submitted, Heo Man (許滿) of the rank of hannamal and the rest, were settled in the land of Musashi.

In the third month, the first day being a jeongchuk day, on the byeongsin day, the people of the capital and of the home provinces who were eighty years old and upward were given rice from the palace of Shima, twenty sheaves to each man. To those among them who had rank, two ends of cloth were given besides.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a jeongmi day, on the giyu day, envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the gyechuk day five thousand and thirty-one old men and old women of the capital and of the home provinces were given rice, twenty sheaves to each.

On the gyeongsin day a decree was given.

"For the officers of every rank and the people of the home provinces, those who have rank shall be limited to six years and those without rank to seven years. By the number of days they have come to service, nine grades shall be chosen and settled. Those of the fourth grade and above shall be given rank according to the law for the reckoning of service, weighed by their goodness, their excellence, their merit, their ability, and the greatness or smallness of their house and family.

As for their court robes: from jōdaiichi down to kōni, black purple; from jōdaisan down to kōshi, red purple; the eight steps of shō, red purple; the eight steps of jiki, scarlet; the eight steps of gon, deep green; the eight steps of mu, light green; the eight steps of tsui, deep blue; the eight steps of shin, light blue.

Apart from this, those of jōkōni and above are allowed to use figured gauze and the like of one breadth and one fold, of every kind. Those from jōdaisan down to jikikōshi are allowed to use figured gauze and the like of one breadth and two folds, of every kind. High and low alike shall use figured belts and white trousers, and for the rest let it be as it has been."

On the mujin day prayers for rain were begun in place after place. It was because of the drought.

In the fifth month, the first day being a byeongja day, on the muin day, the empress went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the eulyu day twenty-one men and women of Baekje came over and submitted.

On the gyeongin day the summer retreat and the expounding of the law were begun within the palace for the first time.

In the sixth month, the first day being a byeongo day, on the sinhae day, the empress went to Hatsuse.

On the gyeongo day all who had rank were called, and the order of their places and their years were called out and made known.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a byeongja day, the nobles and the officers of every rank put on the new court robes for the first time.

On the muin day offerings of cloth were shared out to the gods of heaven and of earth.

On the gyeongjin day Prince Takechi was made great minister of state. The rank of shōkōsan was given to Tajihi no Shima no Mahito, and he was made minister of the right. The eight ministries and the officers of every rank were all moved and appointed anew.

On the sinsa day the ōmikotomochi and the kuni no tsukasa were all moved and appointed anew.

On the imo day a decree was given. "Let the nobles and the officers of every rank, all who have rank, from this time on put on their court robes at home, and come up before the gates are opened." Perhaps in old days they put on their court robes when they reached the palace gate.

On the gapsin day a decree was given. "When any sees a prince of the blood in his place in the court hall, let it be as it has been. The ministers and the princes shall rise and stand before the hall, and princes of the second degree and above shall come down from their seats and kneel."

On the gichuk day a decree was given. "When any sees a minister in his place in the court hall, let him move from his seat and kneel."

On this day coarse silk, thread, floss silk and cloth were bestowed on three thousand three hundred and sixty-three monks in the summer retreat at seven temples. Apart from this, for the crown prince, they were bestowed on three hundred and twenty-nine monks in the summer retreat at three temples.

On the gyesa day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

In the eighth month, the first day being an eulsa day, on the musin day, the empress went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the eulmyo day the people of Silla who had come over and submitted were settled in the land of Shimotsuke.

In the ninth month, the first day being an eulhae day, a decree was given to the kuni no tsukasa of the provinces and the rest. "In all making of household registers, follow the law of households."

On the eulyu day a decree was given. "I am about to go round through Kii. Therefore do not gather this year's field tax and poll tax of the capital."

On the jeonghae day the empress went to Kii.

On the jeongyu day the student monks in the great Tang, Jijong (智宗), Uideok (義德) and Jeongwon (淨願), and Ōtomobe no Hakama, a soldier of the district of Kamitsuyame in the land of Tsukushi, came back to Tsukushi, following Kim Gohun (金高訓) of the rank of daenamal and the rest, the envoys sent by Silla.

On the musul day the empress came back from Kii.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a gapjin day, on the musin day, the empress went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the gyechuk day Jijong and the rest, the student monks in the great Tang, reached the capital.

On the muo day messengers were sent with a decree to Kawachi no Ōkimi and the rest, the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi. "Entertain Kim Gohun of daenamal and the rest, the envoys sent by Silla, after the manner of the envoys who before sent up the student Haji no Sukune Oi and the rest. In comforting them and in giving them gifts, follow the writing of the decree in every point."

On the eulchuk day a decree was given to Ōtomobe no Hakama, a soldier and a man of the district of Kamitsuyame in the land of Chikugo.

"In the seventh year of Empress Ametoyotakara Ikashihitarashihime, in the war to save Baekje, you were taken prisoner by the army of Tang. When the third year of Emperor Amemikoto Hirakasuwake came, four men, Haji no Muraji Hodo, Hi no Muraji Oyu, Tsukushi no Kimi Sachiyama and Yuge no Muraji Ganhoko, wished to report and make known what the men of Tang were planning, but they had no clothing and no food, and feared they could not get through.

Then Hakama said to Haji no Hodo and the rest, 'I wish to go back with you to the court of our home. We have no clothing and no food, and cannot all go. I ask you to sell my body and make up clothing and food with it.'

Hodo and the rest followed the plan of Hakama, and were able to reach the court of heaven. You alone stayed sunk in another land, and it is now thirty years.

I hold it a fine thing that you honored the court and loved your country, and sold yourself to show your loyalty. Therefore I give you the rank of mudaishi, and with it five bolts of coarse silk, eleven tun of floss silk, thirty ends of cloth, a thousand sheaves of rice and four chō of wet field. That wet field shall pass down to your great-grandchildren. The labor service of your three kindreds is remitted, that your merit may be shown."

On the imsin day Prince Takechi looked at the ground of the palace of Fujiwara. The nobles and the officers of every rank went with him.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a gapsul day, on the gyeongjin day, gifts were given to Kim Gohun and the rest, the envoys who had brought them, to each after his degree.

On the gapsin day, by imperial command, the Genka calendar and the Gihō calendar were used for the first time.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a gyemyo day, on the eulsa day, Kim Gohun and the rest, the envoys who had brought them, ended their business and went home.

On the gabin day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the byeongjin day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

On the sinyu day the empress went to Fujiwara and looked at the ground of the palace. The nobles and the officers of every rank all went with her.

On the eulchuk day gifts were given to the nobles and those below them, to each after his degree.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a gyeyu day, rank was given to the princes of the blood, the ministers, the princesses of the blood, the royal ladies and the ladies of the inner court.

On the gimyo day drink and food and robes were given to the nobles. To Yeo Seongwang (余禪廣), king of Baekje, of shōkōshi, and to Wonbo (遠寶), Yangu (良虞) and Namjeon (南典) of jikidaishi, generous gifts were given, to each after his degree.

On the eulyu day fiefs were increased: to Prince Takechi two thousand houses, three thousand in all with what he had before; to Prince Hozumi of jōkōni five hundred houses; to Prince Kawashima of jōdaisan a hundred houses, five hundred in all with what he had before; to Tajihi no Shima no Mahito of shōkōsan, the minister of the right, three hundred houses, five hundred in all with what he had before; to Seongwang, king of Baekje, of shōkōshi, a hundred houses, two hundred in all with what he had before; to Fuse no Minushi no Asomi and Ōtomo no Miyuki no Sukune of jikidaiichi eighty houses, three hundred in all with what they had before. The other fiefs that were increased were also to each after his degree.

On the byeongsul day a decree was given. "Tsukushi no Fubito Masu of jikikōshi has been clerk (典) in the office of the ōmikotomochi of Tsukushi for twenty-nine years now. He has been clear and white and loyal, and has never dared to be idle. For this reason he is given a fief of fifty houses, fifteen bolts of coarse silk, twenty-five tun of floss silk, fifty ends of cloth and five thousand sheaves of rice."

On the muja day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the eulmi day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

In the second month, the first day being an imin day, the empress gave a decree to the nobles and the rest. "In the age of the emperor you built halls of the Buddha and storehouses for the sutras, and held the six monthly fasts. The emperor sent an ōtoneri from time to time to ask after you. In my age also it shall be so. Therefore serve the law of the Buddha with a diligent heart."

On this day patents of rank were given to the ladies of the palace.

In the third month, the first day being an imsin day, on the gapsul day, the nobles were feasted in the western hall.

On the byeongja day the empress looked at the horses of the officials and of private men in the imperial garden.

On the gyesa day a decree was given. "If among the people there is a younger brother sold by an elder brother, let him follow the free. If a son has been sold by his father or mother, let him follow the unfree. If any has become unfree in paying back a debt twofold, let him follow the free. Though his children were born of a match with a slave, let them also all follow the free."

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a sinchuk day, a decree was given. "If slaves were freed in the time of the ancestor of a house and have already been struck off the register, their kindred may not go to law again and say, 'They are my slaves.'"

A thousand sheaves of the great tax rice were given to Kamitsusuguri Kudara (上村主百濟), master of the great school. It was to urge on his learning.

On the sinhae day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the byeongjin day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the imsul day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

In the fifth month, the first day being a sinmi day, on the sinmyo day, Sunmumija (淳武微子) of Baekje was praised for his merit in the year imsin, and the rank of jikidaisan was given him. Coarse silk and cloth were given him besides.

In the sixth month there were rains and floods in the capital and in forty districts and lands.

On the muja day a decree was given. "This summer the dark rain has passed its season, and I fear it will surely harm the crops. From evening until morning I am anxious and afraid, and I think upon my fault. Let the nobles and the officers of every rank cut off wine and flesh, hold their hearts in and repent of their faults. Let the companies of monks in the temples of the capital and of the home provinces also recite the sutras for five days. I hope there may be some help in it."

From the fourth month the rain had gone on to this month.

On the gimi day there was a great pardon under heaven. Only thieves and robbers were not in the roll of the pardon.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a gyeongo day, on the imsin day, the empress went to the palace of Yoshino.

On this day Tanaka no Asomi Norimaro and the rest, the kuni no tsukasa of Iyo, offered three geun and eight nyang of white silver from Mount Mima in the district of Uwa, and one basket of ore.

On the byeongja day the nobles were feasted, and court robes were then given them. On the sinsa day the empress came back from Yoshino. On the gapsin day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

In the eighth month, the first day being a gihae day, on the sinhae day, a decree was given to eighteen houses, that they should send up the tomb records (墓記) of their ancestors.

On the sinyu day envoys were sent to make offering to the wind god at Tatsuta and to the gods of Suwa and Minochi and the rest in Shinano.

In the ninth month, the first day being a gisa day, on the imsin day, silver was given to Xu Shouyan and Sa Hongke of the great Tang, the masters of pronunciation, and to Malsa Seonsin (末士善信) of Baekje, the master of writing, twenty nyang to each man.

On the jeongchuk day Prince Kawashima of jōdaisan died.

On the sinmyo day the rank of jikidaini was given to the late Saeki no Sukune Ōme, and gifts for his burial besides.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a musul day, the sun was eclipsed.

On the eulsa day a decree was given. "For the tombs of the emperors of old, five households and upward shall be set. For the other princes who have merit, three households shall be set. If the tomb households are not enough, let them be filled up from the people, let their labor service be remitted, and let them be changed once in three years."

On the gyeongsul day a thousand paces of land of long life were set in the home provinces and in the provinces. On this day the empress went to the palace of Yoshino. On the jeongsa day the empress came back from Yoshino.

On the gapja day envoys were sent to make the offering that quiets the ground of the new capital.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a mujin day, the great harvest festival was held. Nakatomi no Asomi Ōshima, the master of the office of the gods, read the words of blessing of the gods of heaven.

On the imjin day quilts were given to the nobles.

On the eulmi day all from the nobles down to the clerks were feasted, and silk and other things were given, to each after his degree.

On the jeongyu day all from the senior officers of the office of the gods down to the shrine servants, and all from the kōri no tsukasa of the lands of Harima and Inaba who had served, down to the people, men and women, were feasted, and silk and other things were given, to each after his degree.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a musul day, on the gihae day, silver was given to Deok Jajin (德自珍) of mudaisan, the master of medicine, and to Mokso Jeongmu (木素丁武) and Sataek Mansu (沙宅萬首), the masters of spells and charms, twenty nyang to each man.

On the eulsa day a decree was given. "To the minister of the right, four chō of house ground are given. To those of jikikōni and above, two chō; to those of daisan and below, one chō. From gon downward to those without rank, it shall follow the number in the household: for the upper households one chō, for the middle households half a chō, for the lower households a quarter of a chō. For the princes also let it be after this rule."

In spring, the first month, the first day being a jeongmyo day, on the gyeongo day, the fief of Prince Takechi was increased by two thousand houses, five thousand in all with what he had before.

On the gyeyu day the nobles and the rest were feasted, and robes were then given them.

On the muin day the empress looked at the roads of the new capital.

On the imo day all from the nobles down to those of the initial rank were feasted.

On the gyesa day the empress went to the palace of Taka. On the gabo day the empress came back from the palace of Taka.

In the second month, the first day being a jeongyu day, on the jeongmi day, a decree was given to the several offices. "On the third day of the third month I shall go to Ise. Know this mind of mine, and make ready the robes and the things needed."

Twenty nyang of silver were given to the monks Beopjang (法藏) and Dogi (道基), the masters of yin and yang.

On the eulmyo day a decree was given to the ministry of punishments, and those lightly bound were pardoned.

On this day Miwa no Asomi Takechimaro, the middle counselor, of jikidaini, sent up a memorial and dared to speak straight, and remonstrated and strove against the empress going to Ise, because it hindered the season of farming.

In the third month, the first day being a byeongin day, on the mujin day, Hirose no Ōkimi of jōkōshi, Tagima no Mahito Chitoko of jikikōsan and Ki no Asomi Yumihari of jikikōshi and the rest were made officers to keep the palace.

Then Ōmiwa no Asomi Takechimaro, the middle counselor, took off his cap of rank and held it up to the court, and remonstrated again. "It is the season of farming. The imperial carriage must not yet be moved."

On the sinmi day the empress did not follow his remonstrance, and went at last to Ise.

On the imo day rank was given to the shrine districts she passed through and to the kuni no miyatsuko of Iga, Ise and Shima and the rest, and this year's tribute and labor service were remitted them. This year's tribute and labor service were remitted also to the horsemen who had served, to the bearers of the several offices and to the workmen who built the traveling palace, and there was a great pardon under heaven. Only thieves and robbers were not in the roll of the pardon.

On the gapsin day the people of Shima she passed through, men and women eighty years old and upward, were given rice, fifty sheaves to each man.

On the eulyu day the imperial carriage came back to the palace. Wherever she went and came, the officers and the people of the districts and the counties were gathered, and she took pains to comfort them and gave them music.

On the gabo day a decree was given, remitting this year's tribute and labor service to the households of the horsemen who had served from the lands of Ōmi, Mino, Owari, Mikawa and Tōtōmi and the rest, and to the bearers of the several lands and the workmen who built the traveling palace. A decree was given that rice should be given to those of the people under heaven who were poor and in want: to a man three sheaves, to a woman two sheaves.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a byeongsin day, on the jeongyu day, the rank of jikidaini was given to the late Ōtomo no Sukune Tomokuni, and gifts for his burial besides.

On the gyeongja day this year's tribute and labor service were taken off those of the people of the four home provinces who had been bearers.

On the gabin day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the byeongjin day hoes from the great storehouse of Naniwa were given to all who had rank, from the princes of the blood down to those of shinkōshi, to each after his degree.

On the gyeongsin day a decree was given. "Let all the prisoners who are bound and the bands who are shut up be freed and scattered, every one."

In the fifth month, the first day being an eulchuk day, on the gyeongo day, the tribute and labor service and the miscellaneous service of ten years were remitted to the three households of Akoshi no Amabe no Kawasemaro and his brothers, men of the district of Muro in the land of Kii, who had brought offerings when she was at the traveling palace of Ago. This year's tribute and labor service were remitted also to eight boatmen.

On the sinmi day the kuni no tsukasa of Sagamu offered two young red crows, saying, "They were taken in the district of Miura."

On the byeongja day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gyeongjin day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

On the sinsa day grandees and ushers were sent to make offering at the famous mountains and the great streams and to ask for rain.

On the gapsin day the rank of jikidaiichi was given to the late Fumi no Imiki Chitoko, and gifts for his burial besides.

On the jeonghae day Naniwa no Ōkimi of jōkōshi and the rest were sent to make the offering that quiets the ground of the palace of Fujiwara.

On the gyeongin day envoys were sent to offer cloth at four places, namely Ise, Yamato, Suminoe and Kii, and to tell them of the new palace.

In the intercalary fifth month, the first day being an eulmi day, on the jeongyu day, there was a great flood. Envoys were sent to go round the districts and the lands, and grain was lent to those who could not keep themselves because of the disaster, and they were allowed to fish and to gather in the hills and woods and the ponds and marshes. A decree was given that the Konkōmyō sutra should be expounded in the capital and in the four home provinces.

On the musul day the monk Kanjō was given fifteen bolts of coarse silk, thirty tun of floss silk and fifty ends of cloth. It was because she thought well of the white lead he had made.

On the jeongmi day the great god of Ise spoke to the empress. "Remit this year's tribute and labor service of the land of Ise. Yet the thirty-five geun of red thread of the two shrine districts should be brought in, and next year their price will be taken off."

On the giyu day a decree was given to Kawachi no Ōkimi and the rest, the ōmikotomochi no kami of Tsukushi. "Monks should be sent to Ōsumi and Ata to hand on the teaching of the Buddha. Send up also the image of Amida which Guo Wucong (郭務悰), the great envoy of the great Tang, made for the emperor who ruled the realm at the palace of Ōtsu in Ōmi."

In the sixth month, the first day being a gapja day, on the imsin day, the chief officers of the districts and the lands were commanded each to pray at the famous mountains and the great streams.

On the gapsul day grandees and ushers were sent to go to the four home provinces and ask for rain.

On the gapsin day rank was given to eight servants. It was because she thought well of their diligence, that they were not idle when the tomb of Ōuchi was built.

On the gyesa day the empress looked at the ground of the palace of Fujiwara.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a gabo day, on the eulmi day, there was a great pardon under heaven. Only the ten evils and thieves and robbers were not in the roll of the pardon.

Rank and stipend were given to Fuse no Asomi Shikobuchi and the rest, the kuni no tsukasa of Sagamu, to the vice-chief of the district of Miura, and to Kashima no Omi Yokuso, who had taken the red crow, and two years' tribute and labor service of the district of Miura were remitted.

On the gyeongja day the nobles were feasted. On the imin day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gapjin day envoys were sent to make offering at Hirose and Tatsuta. On the sinyu day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

That night Mars and Jupiter, within one pace of each other, now shone out and now were hidden, and four times they drew near and drew away again.

In the eighth month, the first day being a gyehae day, on the eulchuk day, crimes were pardoned.

On the gimyo day she went to the estate of Princess Asuka. That same day she came back to the palace.

In the ninth month, the first day being a gyesa day, on the sinchuk day, the grandees for the allotment of fields were sent to the four home provinces.

On the byeongo day the office of the gods sent up four rolls of writing on the divine treasures, nine keys and one wooden seal.

On the gyechuk day the kuni no tsukasa of Ise offered two stalks of auspicious grain. The kuni no tsukasa of Echizen offered a white moth.

On the muo day a decree was given. "The white moth was taken on the shore of Uragami in the district of Tsuruga. Therefore let twenty houses be added to the fief of the god of Kehi, counted with what he had before."

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being an imsul day, on the imsin day, the rank of mukōshi was given to Yamada no Fubito Mikata. It was because he had been a monk before and had studied in Silla.

On the gyeyu day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gyeongjin day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a sinmyo day, on the musul day, Silla sent Bak Eokdeok (朴憶德) of the rank of geupchan and Kim Simsal (金深薩) and the rest to bring tribute. Stipends were given to Okinaga no Mahito Oyu of jikikōshi and Kawachi no Imiki Muraji of mudaini and the rest, who were to have been sent as envoys to Silla, to each after his degree.

On the sinchuk day Bak Eokdeok of Silla was entertained at the guest house of Naniwa, and a stipend was given him.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a sinyu day, on the gapsul day, wet fields were given to Xu Shouyan and Sa Hongke, the masters of pronunciation, four chō to each man.

On the gapsin day grandees and the rest were sent to offer the tribute of Silla at five shrines, namely Ise, Suminoe, Kii, Yamato and Unatari.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a sinmyo day, on the imjin day, the rank of jōkōichi was given to Prince Takechi, and jōkōni to Prince Naga and Prince Yuge. On this day a decree was given that the people under heaven should wear yellow robes, and slaves black robes.

On the jeongyu day the nobles and the grandees and the rest were feasted.

On the gyemyo day those of the capital and the home provinces who had rank and were eighty years old and upward were given one quilt, two bolts of coarse silk, two tun of floss silk and four ends of cloth.

On the eulsa day the rank of shōkōsan was given to the late Seongwang (善光), king of Baekje, and gifts for his burial besides.

On the byeongo day cloth was given to the men and women of the capital who were eighty years old and upward, and to those who were poor and in want, to each after his degree. Three chō of wet field were given to Hokkyō, the monk of Funase.

On this day the men of Aya performed the treading songs.

In the second month, the first day being a gyeongsin day, on the imsul day, Silla sent Kim Gangnam (金江南) of the rank of sachan and Kim Yangwon (金陽元) of the rank of hannama and the rest, and they came for the mourning of their king.

On the gisa day a decree was given to Kinunui no Ōkimi and the rest of the office that built the capital, to gather up the bodies that had been dug out.

On the gichuk day thirty-seven men of Silla who had drifted over, Mo Jamorye (牟自毛禮) and the rest, were handed over to Eokdeok and the rest.

In the third month, the first day being a gyeongin day, the sun was eclipsed.

On the gabo day a fief of thirty houses was given to Kamitsusuguri Kudara of gonkōni, the master of the great school. It was to make the way of the scholars generous.

On the eulmi day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gyeongja day gifts for burial were given to Kazurahara no Asomi Ōshima of jikidaini. On the imin day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

On the eulsa day coarse silk and floss silk and cloth were given to Okinaga no Mahito Oyu of jikikōshi and Ōtomo no Sukune Kokimi of gondaini and the rest, who were to have been sent as envoys to Silla, and to the student monks Bentsū and Shin'ei and the rest, to each after his degree. Gifts for burial were also given to the king of Silla.

On the byeongo day a decree was given. "Let the people under heaven be urged to plant mulberry, ramie, pear, chestnut, turnip and such plants and trees. It is to help out the five grains."

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a gyeongsin day, on the byeongja day, grandees and ushers were sent to the several shrines to pray for rain. Envoys were sent also to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the sinsa day a decree was given. "Ōtomo no Ohito, the deputy of the bureau of the inner treasury, has been taken in bribery. Let his rank be lowered two steps, and let him be loosed from the office he holds. Okisome no Taku and Uno no Ōtomo, the keepers of the keys, have also been taken in bribery. Let their rank be lowered one step, and let them be loosed from the offices they hold. Kose no Oji, the inspector of goods, though nothing came into his own hands, knew the matter and let them steal. Therefore let his rank be lowered two steps, and let him be loosed from the office he holds. Yet Okisome no Taku has the merit of his toil in the war of the year imsin, and so he is pardoned. Only let what was taken in bribery be gathered in according to the law."

In the fifth month, the first day being a gichuk day, she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the eulmi day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino.

On the gyemyo day a great assembly free to all was set out within the palace.

In the sixth month, the first day being a gimi day, a decree was given to Bokga (福嘉), a monk of Goryeo, to return to the world.

On the imsul day the rank of jikikōshi was given to seven men: Hiketa no Asomi Hirome, Mori no Kimi Karita, Kose no Asomi Maro, Kazurahara no Asomi Omimaro, Kose no Asomi Oyasu, Tajihi no Mahito Ikemori and Ki no Asomi Maro.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a muja day, on the gabo day, she went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the gihae day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the sinchuk day grandees and ushers were sent to the several shrines to ask for rain. On this day the empress came back from Yoshino.

In the eighth month, the first day being a muo day, she went to the ground of the palace of Fujiwara. On the gapsul day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the muin day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

In the ninth month, the first day being a jeonghae day, the sun was eclipsed.

On the sinmyo day she went to Tōnomine. On the imjin day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

On the byeongsin day a great assembly free to all was set out within the palace for Emperor Kiyomihara. The prisoners who were bound were all freed and sent away.

On the imin day the rank of jikikōsan was given to the late Kaya no Imiki Koma, and gifts for his burial besides. It was in praise of his merit in the war of the year imsin.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a jeongsa day, on the muo day, a decree was given. "From this year, beginning with the princes of the blood and going down to those of the rank of shin, the weapons they have laid by shall be looked at. From the cap of jō to the cap of jiki, each man shall have one suit of armor, one great sword, one bow, one set of arrows, one bow-string guard and a saddled horse. From the cap of gon to the cap of shin, each man shall have one great sword, one bow, one set of arrows and one bow-string guard. Let these be made ready beforehand."

On the gimyo day the Ninnō sutra was expounded for the first time in a hundred lands. In four days it was ended.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a byeongsul day, on the gyeongin day, she went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the imjin day gifts were given to the prince of Tamna and the jwapyeong and the rest, to each after his degree.

On the eulmi day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

On the gihae day the monks Hōin, Zen'ō and Shingi and the rest were sent to make trial of the sweet-wine spring in the district of Yasu in the land of Ōmi by drinking of it.

On the musin day the rank of jikidaishi was given to Hiketa no Asomi Sukunamaro of jikikōshi. A fief of fifty houses was then given him.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a byeongjin day, on the byeongja day, masters of battle array and the rest were sent to teach and train the several lands.

In spring, the first month, the first day being an eulyu day, on the byeongsul day, the rank of shōkōshi was given to Fuse no Asomi Minushi and Ōtomo no Sukune Miyuki of jikidaiichi. Two hundred houses were added to the fief of each man, five hundred in all with what they had before. Both were made heads of their houses.

On the sinmyo day the nobles and the rest were feasted. On the gihae day firewood was brought in. On the gyeongja day the officers of every rank were feasted.

On the sinchuk day the men of Aya performed the treading songs. Those of the fifth rank and above shot with the bow. On the imin day those of the sixth rank and below shot. In four days it was ended.

On the gyemyo day the men of Tang performed the treading songs.

On the eulsa day she went to the palace of Fujiwara. That same day she came back to the palace.

On the jeongmi day the rank of mukōshi and other ranks were given to seven men of the great Tang and two men of the Mishihase.

On the musin day she went to the palace of Yoshino.

In the third month, the first day being a gapsin day, the sun was eclipsed.

On the eulyu day Ōyake no Asomi Maro of jikikōshi, Utena no Imiki Yashima of gondaini and Kibumi no Muraji Motomi and the rest were appointed to the office for casting coin.

On the gabo day a decree was given. "When a man without rank is made a kōri no tsukasa, let shinkōni be given to the chief and shindaisan to the vice-chief."

On the gihae day a decree was given.

"In the seventh year, the year sign being gyesa, a sweet-wine spring welled up on Mount Tsuga in the district of Yasu in the land of Ōmi. Many sick people lodged at Yasudera, and many were healed of their sickness. Therefore four chō of wet field and sixty ends of cloth are brought in, this year's tribute and labor service and miscellaneous service of the district of Yasu are taken off, and the kuni no tsukasa, from the head down to the clerk, are raised one step of rank. To Kadono no Hazuki and to Torara (土羅羅女), the woman of Baekje, who first made trial of the sweet-wine spring, are given two bolts of coarse silk, ten ends of cloth and ten hoes to each."

On the eulsa day offerings of cloth were made at the several shrines. On the byeongo day coarse silk and cloth were given to the hundred and sixty-four men, from the head of the office of the gods down to the shrine liturgists, to each after his degree.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a gabin day, on the muo day, the rank of jōdaishi was given to the late Kawachi no Ōkimi, ōmikotomochi no kami of Tsukushi, and gifts for his burial besides.

On the gyeongsin day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the byeongin day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta. On the jeonghae day the empress came back from the palace of Yoshino. On the gyeongo day gifts for burial were given to Dōkō, the master of discipline.

In the fifth month, the first day being a gyemi day, on the muja day, the nobles and the grandees were feasted within the palace.

On the gyesa day a hundred copies of the Konkōmyō sutra were sent and placed in the several lands. They were to be read without fail at the new moon of the first month of every year. The alms for it were to be met from the goods of the office of that land.

In the sixth month, the first day being a gyechuk day, on the gyeongsin day, the district of Sarara in the land of Kawachi offered a white mountain fowl. The chief and the vice-chief of the district of Sarara were each given one step of rank, and gifts besides. The rank of shinkōni was given to Osakabe no Miyatsuko Karakuni (刑部造韓國), who had taken it, and gifts besides.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a gyemi day, on the byeongsul day, inspectors were sent to the several lands.

On the jeongyu day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

In the eighth month, the first day being an imja day, on the mujin day, a hundred and four monks were ordained for Princess Asuka.

In the ninth month, the first day being an imo day, the sun was eclipsed.

On the eulyu day she went to the palace of Yoshino.

On the gyemyo day Mino no Ōkimi of jōkōshi was appointed ōmikotomochi no kami of Tsukushi.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a sinhae day, on the gyeongo day, the rank of shindaishi was given to Otokunibe no Otohi of the district of Araki in the land of Hida, who had taken a white bat, and with it four bolts of coarse silk, four bolts of floss silk and ten ends of cloth. The labor service of his household was wholly remitted as long as he lived.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a sinsa day, on the byeongo day, all crimes below death were pardoned.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a gyeongsul day, on the eulmyo day, she moved and dwelt in the palace of Fujiwara.

On the muo day the officers of every rank did homage at court.

On the gimi day coarse silk, floss silk and cloth were given to all from the princes of the blood down to the kōri no tsukasa and the rest, to each after his degree.

On the sinyu day the nobles and the grandees were feasted.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a gyeongjin day, on the gapsin day, the rank of jōkōni was given to Prince Toneri.

On the byeongsul day the nobles and the grandees were feasted within the palace.

On the gabo day firewood was brought in. On the eulmi day the officers of every rank were feasted. On the byeongsin day there was shooting. In four days it was ended.

In the intercalary second month, the first day being a gimyo day, on the byeongsul day, she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gyesa day the imperial carriage came back to the palace.

In the third month, the first day being a musin day, on the giyu day, Silla sent Kim Yangnim (金良琳), the king's son, Bak Gangguk (朴強國) of the rank of salchan, the bomyeong, and Kim Juhan (金周漢) and Kim Chungseon (金忠仙) and the rest of the rank of hannama, to lay the affairs of their country before the court and to ask upon them. They brought tribute and offered gifts besides.

On the gimi day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the imsul day the empress came back from Yoshino.

On the gyeongo day Fumi no Imiki Hase of mukōni and Shimotsuosa Morota of shinkōsan and the rest were sent to Tane to seek out where the barbarians dwelt.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a muin day, on the byeongsul day, envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the gabo day the rank of jikikōsan was given to the late Kamo no Asomi Emishi, and gifts for his burial besides. The rank of jikidaishi was given to the late Fumi no Imiki Akamaro, and gifts for his burial besides.

In the fifth month, the first day being a jeongmi day, on the gimi day, the Ōsumi of the Hayato were feasted.

On the jeongmyo day she watched the wrestling of the Hayato under the zelkova tree to the west.

In the sixth month, the first day being a jeongchuk day, on the gimyo day, grandees and ushers were sent to the several shrines of the capital and of the four home provinces to ask for rain.

On the imjin day gifts were given to the ministers who were eighty years old and upward and to those with lasting sickness, to each after his degree.

On the gabo day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the imin day she came back from Yoshino.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a byeongo day, on the mujin day, envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the sinmi day gifts were given to Ono no Asomi Keno of jikikōshi and Iki no Muraji Hakatoko of mudaini and the rest, who were to be sent as envoys to Silla, to each after his degree.

In the eighth month, the first day being a byeongja day, on the gihae day, she went to Yoshino. On the eulsa day she came back from Yoshino.

In the ninth month, the first day being an eulsa day, on the musin day, the bands bound in prison were set free.

On the gyeongsul day Ono no Asomi Keno and the rest set out for Silla.

In the tenth month, the first day being an eulhae day, on the eulyu day, she went to Yonabari in Uda. On the byeongsul day she came back from Yonabari.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a gapsul day, on the muin day, she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the byeongsul day she came back from Yoshino. Gifts for burial were given to Hatsuse no Ōkimi of jōdaishi.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a gapjin day, on the gyeongsul day, the nobles and the grandees were feasted.

On the gabin day the rank of jikidaishi was given to Namjeon (南典), king of Baekje.

On the muo day firewood was brought in. On the gimi day the nobles and the officers of every rank were feasted. On the sinyu day the nobles and the officers of every rank shot with the bow at the south gate.

In the second month, the first day being a gyeyu day, on the eulhae day, she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the eulyu day she came back from Yoshino.

In the third month, the first day being a gyemyo day, on the eulsa day, she went to the palace of Futatsuki.

On the gabin day Inarimushi, an Emishi of the island who had crossed over from Koshi, and Shirasu Eso of the Mishihase were given brocade robes and trousers, coarse silk of scarlet and of dark blue, axes and other things.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being an imsin day, on the sinsa day, envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the musul day the rank of tsuidaini was given to Mononobe no Kusuri of the district of Kazahaya in the land of Iyo and to Mibu no Moroshi of the district of Kawaishi in the land of Higo, and with it four bolts of coarse silk, ten skeins of thread, twenty ends of cloth, twenty hoes, a thousand sheaves of rice and four chō of wet field to each man, and the tribute and labor service of their households were given back to them. It was to comfort them for their long suffering in the land of Tang.

On the gihae day she went to the palace of Yoshino.

In the fifth month, the first day being an imin day, on the gapjin day, a decree was given to Hata no Miyatsuko Tsunate of daikinjō, and his family name was made Imiki.

On the eulsa day she came back from Yoshino.

On the giyu day the rank of jikikōshi was given to Owari no Sukune Ōsumi, and forty chō of wet field besides.

On the gabin day the rank of jikikōshi was given to the late Ōkoma no Muraji Momoeda, and gifts for his burial besides.

In the sixth month, the first day being a sinmi day, on the muja day, she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the byeongsin day she came back from Yoshino.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being a sinchuk day, the sun was eclipsed. On the imin day the prisoners were pardoned.

On the musin day envoys were sent to make offering to the god Ōimi at Hirose and the wind god at Tatsuta.

On the gyeongsul day Nochi no Miko no Mikoto died.

In the eighth month, the first day being a gyeongo day, on the gabo day, the rank of jikikōichi was given to Ō no Omi Honji, and gifts besides. It was in praise of his merit in following from the first and of his firm keeping of the barrier.

In the ninth month, the first day being a gyeongja day, on the gabin day, the rank of jikidaiichi was given to the late Wakasakurabe no Asomi Iose, and gifts for his burial besides. It was to show his merit in following from the first.

In winter, the tenth month, the first day being a gisa day, on the eulyu day, a palanquin and a staff were given to Tajihi no Mahito, the minister of the right. It was out of pity that he was leaving his office.

On the gyeongin day a hundred and twenty attendants were given for a time to Tajihi no Mahito, the minister of the right, of the rank shōkōsan; eighty each to Abe no Asomi Minushi and Ōtomo no Sukune Miyuki, the great counselors, of shōkōshi; and fifty each to Isonokami no Asomi Maro of jikikōichi and Fujiwara no Asomi Fubito of jikikōni.

In the eleventh month, the first day being a gihae day, on the musin day, a fief of forty houses was given to Bentsū, the monk of Daikandaiji.

In the twelfth month, the first day being a gisa day, an imperial order was given. Because of the reading of the Konkōmyō sutra, eleven men of pure conduct were to be ordained on the last day of the twelfth month of every year.

In spring, the first month, the first day being a musul day, on the gapjin day, the nobles and the grandees and the rest were feasted.

On the musin day rice was given to the widowers and the widows under heaven, the lonely, the grievously sick and those so poor that they could not keep themselves, to each after his degree.

On the gyechuk day the nobles and the officers of every rank were feasted.

In the second month, the first day being a jeongmyo day, on the gabo day, Tagima no Mahito Kunimi of jikikōichi was made great tutor of the eastern palace, Michi no Mahito Tomi of jikikōsan was made grandee of the spring palace, and Kose no Asomi Awamochi of jikidaishi was made his second.

In the third month, the first day being a jeongyu day, on the gapjin day, a great assembly free to all was set out at the spring palace.

In summer, the fourth month, the first day being a byeongin day, on the gisa day, those whose term of choosing was full were given ranks from jō down to jiki, to each after his degree.

On the imsin day she went to the palace of Yoshino. On the gimyo day envoys were sent to make offering at Hirose and Tatsuta. On this day she came back from Yoshino.

In the fifth month, the first day being a byeongsin day, on the gyemyo day, grandees and ushers were sent to the shrines to ask for rain.

In the sixth month, the first day being a byeongin day, on the jeongmyo day, the prisoners were pardoned.

On the sinmi day a decree was given that the sutras should be read in the temples of the capital and of the home provinces.

On the sinsa day those of the fifth rank and above were sent to sweep and sprinkle the temples of the capital.

On the gapsin day offerings of cloth were shared out to the gods.

On the sinmyo day the nobles and the officers of every rank began to make the Buddha image they had vowed for the sickness of the empress.

On the gyemyo day grandees and ushers were sent to the shrines to ask for rain.

In autumn, the seventh month, the first day being an eulmi day, on the sinchuk day, at midnight, a hundred and nine thieves and robbers who had long been shut up were pardoned. Cloth was then given them, four jō to each man. Only to those of the outer lands rice was given, twenty sheaves to each man.

On the byeongo day envoys were sent to make offering at Hirose and Tatsuta.

On the gyehae day the nobles and the officers of every rank set out the assembly for the opening of the eyes of the Buddha at Yakushiji.

In the eighth month, the first day being an eulchuk day, the empress settled her plan within the palace, and gave over the throne to the crown prince.