King Munmu文武王

King Munmu ascended the throne. His name was Beommin (法敏), and he was the eldest son of King Taejong. His mother was Queen Munmyeong (文明王后) of the house of Kim, the youngest daughter of Seohyeon of the rank of sopan and the younger sister of Yusin.

Her elder sister dreamed that she climbed to the top of Seohyeongsan and sat there and made water, and it spread through the whole country. When she woke she told the dream to her younger sister, and the younger sister said in jest, "I should like to buy that dream of yours, sister." So she gave a skirt of silk for its price.

A few days later Yusin was playing at football with Lord Chunchu, and he trod on the sash of Chunchu's coat and tore it off. Yusin said, "By good fortune my house is near. Let us go there and have the sash sewn on." So they went to the house together and wine was set out, and quietly he called Bohui to bring needle and thread and sew it. The elder sister had business of her own and did not come out, and the younger sister came forward and sewed it on. Her paint was light and her dress was plain, yet she was so bright and fair that she lit up those who looked at her. Chunchu saw her and was glad, and he asked for the marriage and completed the rites, and she conceived and bore a son. This was Beommin.

The queen was Queen Jaui (慈儀王后), the daughter of Seonpum of the rank of pajinchan. Beommin was outstanding and bright in form and bearing, and he was clever and full of plans. At the beginning of the Yonghui period he went to Tang, and Gaozong gave him the office of daebugyeong. In the first year of Taejong he was made byeongburyeong, the head of the office of the army with the rank of pajinchan, and soon he was invested as crown prince. In the fifth year of Xianqing, when Taejong put down Baekje together with Su Dingfang the general of Tang, Beommin went with them and had great merit, and at this time he ascended the throne.

In the first year, in the sixth month, Inmun and Yudon and the others, who had gone into Tang to serve in the guard, arrived and told the king, "The Emperor has already sent Su Dingfang with the troops of thirty-five routes by water and by land to strike Goguryeo, and he has commanded the king to raise an army and answer him. Though you are in mourning, it is a heavy thing to go against the Emperor's command."

In autumn, the seventh month, on the seventeenth day, Kim Yusin was made grand general. Inmun, Jinju and Heumdol were made generals of the daedang. Cheonjon, Jukji and Cheonpum were made chonggwan of the gwidang. Pumil, Chungsang and Uibok were made chonggwan of Sangju. Jinheum, Jungsin and Jagan were made chonggwan of Haju. Gungwan, Suse and Gosun were made chonggwan of Namcheonju. Sulsil, Dalgwan and Munyeong were made chonggwan of Suyakju. Munhun and Jinsun were made chonggwan of Haseoju. Jinbok was made chonggwan of the seodang, Uigwang chonggwan of the nangdang, and Wiji daegam of the gyegeum.

In the eighth month the great king led his generals and came to the camp of Siigok and stayed there. An envoy came and reported, "The remnant bandits of Baekje hold Ongsanseong and block the road, and we cannot go forward." The great king first sent a man to admonish them, but they did not submit.

On the nineteenth day of the ninth month the great king went forward to the camp of Unghyeon and stayed there, and he gathered the chonggwan and the daegam and came before them himself and had them take an oath. On the twenty-fifth day he pushed the army forward and surrounded Ongsanseong. On the twenty-seventh day they first burned the great stockade and cut down several thousand men, and at last the fortress surrendered.

Merit was judged. Those of the ranks of gakgan and ichan who had been chonggwan were given swords, and those of the ranks of japchan, pajinchan and daeachan who had been chonggwan were given halberds, and those below them were each raised one grade in rank. Unghyeonseong was built.

Pumil, the chonggwan of Sangju, with Daedang the prefect of Ilmosan-gun and Cheolcheon the prefect of Sasisan-gun and others, led troops and struck Usulseong and took a thousand heads. Jobok, a dalsol of Baekje, and Paga, an eunsol, took counsel with their people and surrendered. Jobok was given the rank of geupchan and then made prefect of Gotaya-gun, and Paga was given the rank of geupchan and was given fields, a house, clothes and goods as well.

In winter, the tenth month, on the twenty-ninth day, the great king heard that the envoy of the Emperor of Tang had come, and so he returned to the capital. The envoy of Tang gave condolence and comfort, and by the Emperor's command he also made offering to the former king, and he sent five hundred rolls of silk of many colors.

Yusin and the others rested the troops and waited for a further command. Liu Demin, the chonggwan of the Hamja route, came and passed on the Emperor's order, which was to carry grain for the army to Pyongyang.

In the second year, in spring, the first month, the envoy of Tang who was staying at the guest house now invested the king as Gaebu-uidong-samsa, Sangjuguk, King of Nangnang-gun and King of Silla. Munhun of the rank of ichan was made jungsi.

The king commanded Yusin and Inmun and Yangdo, nine generals in all, to load more than two thousand carts with four thousand seok of rice and more than twenty-two thousand seok of grain and to go to Pyongyang. On the eighteenth day they lodged at the village of Pungsu. The ice was slippery and the road was hard, and the carts could not go, so all was loaded on oxen and horses instead. On the twenty-third day they crossed the Chiljung river and came to Sanyang. Seongcheon, a jegam of the gwidang, and Sulcheon, a gunsa, and others met the enemy troops at Ihyeon and struck them and killed them.

On the first day of the second month Yusin and the others came to Jangsae, thirty-six thousand paces from Pyongyang. First they sent fifteen men, Yeolgi the bogigam among them, to the camp of Tang. On that day the wind and the snow were bitter cold, and many men and horses froze to death.

On the sixth day they came to Yango, and Yusin sent Yangdo of the rank of achan and Inseon the daegam and others to deliver the army grain, and he gave Dingfang five thousand seven hundred bun of silver, thirty pil of fine cloth, thirty nyang of hair and nineteen nyang of ox bezoar. When Dingfang had the grain he broke camp at once and went back.

Yusin and the others heard that the troops of Tang had gone, and they too turned back and crossed the Pyoha river. The Goguryeo troops pursued them, so they turned the army and fought them face to face and took more than ten thousand heads, and they captured Adalhye, a sohyeong, and others, and took more than ten thousand weapons.

Merit was judged, and the goods, the fields and the slaves of the Bonpi palace were divided in two and given to Yusin and Inmun. There was a fire at Yeongmyosa.

Dodongeumnyul, a jwapyeong and the lord of the country of Tamna, came and surrendered. Since the Wude period Tamna had been a vassal of Baekje, and so it used jwapyeong as the name of an office. At this time it surrendered and became a subject country.

In the third month there was a great amnesty. Since the king had already put down Baekje, he commanded the offices concerned to set out a great feast.

In autumn, the seventh month, Kim Inmun of the rank of ichan was sent into Tang to offer the products of the land.

In the eighth month the remnant bandits of Baekje gathered at Naesajiseong and did evil, so nineteen generals, Heumsun among them, were sent, and they struck them and broke them. Jinju, the chonggwan of the daedang, and Jinheum, the chonggwan of Namcheonju, falsely pleaded illness and lived at their ease and did not care for the affairs of the country, and so at last they were put to death and their households were destroyed with them.

Yeodong of the rank of sachan struck his mother, and Heaven sent thunder and rain and killed him with a thunderbolt, and on his body were written the three characters sudang (須堂). Namcheonju presented a white magpie.

In the third year, in spring, the first month, a long storehouse was made at Namsan Sinseong. Busanseong was built.

In the second month Heumsun and Cheonjon led troops and attacked and took Georyeolseong of Baekje and cut off more than seven hundred heads. They also attacked Geomulseong and Sapyeongseong and made them surrender, and they attacked Deokanseong and took a thousand and seventy heads.

In summer, the fourth month, Great Tang made this country the great governorate of Gyerim and made the king the great governor of Gyerimju.

In the fifth month a thunderbolt struck the gate of Yeongmyosa. Boksin, a former general of Baekje, and Dochim the monk welcomed Buyeo Pung, a son of the former king, and set him up, and they surrounded Liu Renyuan, the nangjang who had stayed to guard Ungjinseong. The Emperor of Tang sent down an edict to Rengui and made him acting prefect of Daebangju, and he led the men of Wang Wendu the former governor and went with the troops of Silla toward the camp of Baekje, and as he fought from place to place he broke their ranks, and wherever he turned none could stand before him.

Boksin and the others raised the siege of Renyuan and drew back and held Imjonseong. Before long Boksin killed Dochim and took his men as well, and he called back those who had rebelled and fled, and his power grew very great.

Rengui joined Renyuan, and they took off their armor and rested the soldiers, and then he asked for more troops. An edict was sent down, and Sun Renshi, general of the Right Awesome Guard, was sent with four hundred thousand troops. He came to Deongmuldo and went on to the walled town of Ungjin. The king led Kim Yusin and twenty-eight generals and joined them, and they attacked Duryungyunseong and Juryuseong and the other fortresses and took them all.

Buyeo Pung slipped away and fled, and the princes Chungseung and Chungji and the others led their people and surrendered, but Jisusin alone held Imjonseong and did not fall. From the twenty-first day of the tenth month of winter they attacked it but could not take it, and on the fourth day of the eleventh month they turned the army back and came to the camp of Seolli, and merit was judged and rewards were given by degree. There was a great amnesty, and clothes were made and given to the troops of Tang who stayed on as guards.

In the fourth year, in spring, the first month, Kim Yusin said that he was old and asked to withdraw, but it was not allowed, and he was given an armrest and a staff. Gungwan of the rank of achan was made governor of Hansanju. An order was sent down that women too should wear the dress of the Middle Kingdom.

In the second month the offices concerned were commanded to move twenty households to the park of each of the royal tombs. Kim Inmun of the rank of gakgan and Cheonjon of the rank of ichan swore an oath at Ungjin together with Liu Renyuan, the envoy of the Emperor of Tang, and Buyeo Yung of Baekje.

In the third month the remnant people of Baekje held Sabi Sanseong and rebelled, so the governor of Ungjin sent out troops and struck them and broke them. There was an earthquake. Thirty-eight men, Seongcheon and Guil among them, were sent to the walled town to learn the music of Tang.

In autumn, the seventh month, the king commanded the generals Inmun, Pumil, Gungwan and Munyeong and the others to lead the troops of the two prefectures of Ilseon and Hansan and, with the horse and foot of the walled town, to strike Dolsaseong of Goguryeo, and they destroyed it.

In the eighth month, on the fourteenth day, there was an earthquake, and the houses of the people fell down, and it was worst in the south. Men were forbidden to give goods and fields to the Buddhist temples as they pleased.

In the fifth year, in spring, the second month, Munhun the jungsi left office, and Jinbok of the rank of ichan was made jungsi. Munwang of the rank of ichan died, and he was buried with the rites of a prince. The Emperor of Tang sent an envoy to give condolence, and he also sent a set of purple robes, one waist belt, a hundred pil of colored damask and two hundred pil of raw silk. The king gave gold and silk to the envoy of Tang more generously still.

In autumn, the eighth month, the king swore an oath at Chwirisan in Ungjin together with Liu Renyuan the imperial envoy and Buyeo Yung the governor of Ungjin.

In the beginning Baekje, from the time of Buyeo Jang, had joined in friendship with Goguryeo and had invaded the borders of Silla many times, and so Silla sent envoys to the court to ask for help until they were within sight of one another upon the road. When Su Dingfang had put down Baekje and the army had gone back, the remaining people rebelled again. The king, with Liu Renyuan and Liu Rengui the guarding commissioners, worked at it for several years and little by little put it down. Gaozong sent down an edict that Buyeo Yung should go back and comfort the remaining people and should make peace with Silla.

At this time a white horse was killed for the oath. First they made offering to the spirits of heaven and earth and to the spirits of the streams and the valleys, and after that they drank the blood. The words of the oath were these:

"In former days the late king of Baekje was blind to what goes against right and what follows it. He did not keep friendship with his neighbors, he did not live in harmony with his kin by marriage, he made a bond with Goguryeo and went to and fro with the country of Wa, and together they did cruel and violent things and invaded Silla and cut away at it, plundering its towns and slaughtering its walled cities, so that scarcely a year was quiet. The Son of Heaven grieved that even one thing should lose its place and pitied the people for their innocence, and again and again he commanded his envoys to go and make peace between them.

They trusted in their steep ground and in their distance and made light of the way of Heaven, and the Emperor was angry at this and reverently carried out a war of consolation and punishment. Where the banners pointed, one campaign settled all.

Truly it would be right to make their palace a pool and to defile their houses as a warning to those who come after, and to block the spring and pull up the root so as to leave a lesson to later generations. But to cherish those who submit and to strike those who rebel was the good law of former kings, and to raise up what has fallen and to continue what has been cut off is the common rule of the wise men of old. What is done must follow the old ways, and this is handed down in the books of former times.

Therefore Buyeo Yung, the former daesaga jeonggyeong of Baekje, is set up as governor of Ungjin, to keep its sacrifices and to preserve his native land, to lean upon Silla and to be a friendly country with it for long. Let each put away old grudges and make good friendship and peace, and let each receive the command of the edict and be a hedge for ever.

So the envoy Liu Renyuan, general of the Right Awesome Guard and Duke of Noseong-hyeon, is sent to come himself to urge and admonish them and to set out the whole of the settled purpose. Let them be bound by marriage and confirmed by oath. Let a beast be killed and its blood drunk, that they may be steadfast together from first to last, sharing calamity and caring for one another in trouble, with kindness as of brothers. Let them receive the word of the Son of Heaven with reverence and not dare to let it fall. When the oath is made, let them keep it together through the cold of winter.

If any turn from the oath and are of two minds or three, and raise troops and move their people and break into the borders, may the bright spirits look upon it and send down every calamity, so that their sons and grandsons do not grow, their altars of state are not kept, and their sacrifices are worn away until nothing at all is left.

Therefore a tablet of iron written in gold is made and kept in the ancestral shrine, that the sons and grandsons of ten thousand generations may not dare to break it.

May the spirits hear this, receive this offering and send down blessing." These were the words of Liu Rengui.

When the drinking of the blood was done, the victim and the offerings were buried in the northern ground of the altar, and the writing was kept in the ancestral shrine of Silla. Then Rengui led the envoy of Silla and the envoys of Baekje, Tamna and Wa, four countries in all, and crossed the sea and went back westward, and they joined the sacrifice at Mount Tai.

The king's son Jeongmyeong was set up as crown prince, and there was a great amnesty. In winter the people of the two prefectures of Ilseon and Georyeol were made to carry military stores to Haseoju. For silk and for cloth, ten fathoms had been one pil before, and this was changed so that seven paces in length and two cheok in width made one pil.

In the sixth year, in spring, the second month, there was an earthquake in the capital. In summer, the fourth month, there was a fire at Yeongmyosa. There was a great amnesty. Hallim the son of Cheonjon and Samgwang the son of Yusin both went into Tang with the rank of nama to serve in the guard.

Since the king had already put down Baekje and wished to destroy Goguryeo, he asked Tang for troops.

In winter, the twelfth month, Tang made Li Ji great chonggwan of the marching army of the Liaodong route, and made Anlu the siyeol-sosangbaek and Hao Chujun his seconds, and had them strike Goguryeo. Yeon Jeongto, a high minister of Goguryeo, came over and gave himself up with twelve fortresses, seven hundred and sixty-three households and three thousand five hundred and forty-three people. Jeongto and the twenty-four officers who came with him were given clothes and goods and food and houses, and they were settled in the capital and in the prefectures. As the twelve fortresses were whole, soldiers were sent to hold them as well.

In the seventh year, in autumn, the seventh month, a great feast was held for three days. The Emperor of Tang by edict made Jigyeong and Gaewon generals to go to the war in Liaodong, and so the king at once made Jigyeong pajinchan and Gaewon daeachan. The Emperor also by edict made Irwon of the rank of daeachan general of Unhwi, and the king had him receive the command in the court of the palace. Jeuphangse of the rank of daenama was sent into Tang with tribute.

Gaozong commanded Liu Renyuan and Kim Intae to follow the Biyeol route, and he also called up the troops of Silla to follow the two routes of Dagok and Haegok and to meet at Pyongyang.

In autumn, the eighth month, the king led thirty generals, Kim Yusin of the rank of daegakgan among them, and went out from the capital. In the ninth month he came to the camp of Hanseong and waited for Duke Ying, who was Li Ji.

In winter, the tenth month, on the second day, Duke Ying came to a place two hundred li north of the walled city of Pyongyang, and he sent Gangsim, the daenama and headman of the village of Idonghye, with more than eighty Khitan horsemen, and they passed Ajinhamseong and came to Hanseong and sent a letter urging the time for bringing out the troops, and the great king followed it.

On the eleventh day of the eleventh month they came to Jangsae and heard that Duke Ying had gone back, and the king's army also turned back. Then Gangsim was given the rank of geupchan and five hundred seok of grain.

In the twelfth month Munhun the jungsi died. Liu Renyuan, the general of Tang who had stayed as guard, passed on the command of the Son of Heaven that the king should help in the attack on Goguryeo, and then he gave the king the banner and the tally of a grand general.

In the eighth year, in spring, Ama came and submitted. Wongi and Jeongto were sent into Tang, and Jeongto stayed there and did not come back, and only Wongi returned. There was an edict that from this time on the presenting of women should be forbidden.

In the third month Jigyeong of the rank of pajinchan was made jungsi. Biyeolholju was set up, and Yongmun of the rank of pajinchan was made its chonggwan.

In summer, the fourth month, a comet guarded Tianchuan (天船).

In the sixth month, on the twelfth day, Liu Rengui came to Danghangjin bearing the command of the Emperor, and with him came Kim Samgwang of the rank of sachan, who had been serving in the guard. Rengui was deputy great commissioner for the pacification of the Liaodong route, deputy great chonggwan of the marching army of Liaodong, great commissioner for the pacification of the Ungjin route, chonggwan of the marching army, minister of the right, acting left guardian of the crown prince, sangjuguk and founding baron of Nakseong-hyeon. The king had Kim Inmun of the rank of gakgan meet him with great ceremony. Then the minister of the right finished the agreement and went toward Cheongang.

On the twenty-first day Kim Yusin of the rank of daegakgan was made great chonggwan of the daedang. Kim Inmun, Heumsun, Cheonjon and Munchung of the rank of gakgan, Jinbok of the rank of japchan, Jigyeong of the rank of pajinchan, and Yangdo, Gaewon and Heumdol of the rank of daeachan were made chonggwan of the daedang. Jinsun and Jukji of the rank of ichan were made chonggwan of the gyeongjeong. Pumil of the rank of ichan, Munhun of the rank of japchan and Cheonpum of the rank of daeachan were made chonggwan of the gwidang. Intae of the rank of ichan was made chonggwan of the Biyeol route. Gungwan of the rank of japchan, Doyu of the rank of daeachan and Yongjang of the rank of achan were made chonggwan of the marching army of Hanseongju. Sungsin of the rank of japchan, Munyeong of the rank of daeachan and Bokse of the rank of achan were made chonggwan of the marching army of Biyeolseongju. Seongwang of the rank of pajinchan and Jangsun and Sunjang of the rank of achan were made chonggwan of the marching army of Haseoju. Uibok of the rank of pajinchan and Cheongwang of the rank of achan were made chonggwan of the seodang. Irwon and Heungwon of the rank of achan were made chonggwan of the gyegeumdang.

On the twenty-second day Liu Renyuan of the walled town sent Mihil, a gwigan, to report that the two districts of Daegokseong and Hanseong in Goguryeo, with twelve fortresses, had come over, and the king sent Jingong of the rank of ilgilchan to give congratulation. Inmun, Cheonjon, Doyu and the others led the horse and foot of seven districts, Ilseonju among them, and of Hanseongju, and went to the camp of the Tang army.

On the twenty-seventh day the king set out from the capital and went to the troops of Tang. On the twenty-ninth day the chonggwan of the several routes set out, but the king had Yusin stay in the capital, for he was ill of a palsy. Inmun and the others met Duke Ying and pushed the army forward to the foot of Yeongnyusan.

In autumn, the seventh month, on the sixteenth day, the king went to Hanseongju and commanded the chonggwan to go and join the great army. Munyeong and the others met the troops of Goguryeo on the plain of Sacheon and fought them face to face and broke them utterly.

On the twenty-first day of the ninth month they joined the great army and surrounded Pyongyang, and the king of Goguryeo first sent Cheon Namsan and others to go to Duke Ying and ask to surrender. Then Duke Ying took King Bojang, the princes Bongnam and Deongnam, and the great ministers, more than two hundred thousand souls in all, back to Tang. Kim Inmun of the rank of gakgan and Joju of the rank of daeachan went with Duke Ying, and Intae, Uibok, Suse, Cheongwang and Heungwon went along too.

In the beginning, when the great army was putting down Goguryeo, the king left Hanseong and went toward Pyongyang and stopped at Hilchayang, but he heard that the generals of Tang had already gone back, and he returned to Hanseong.

In winter, the tenth month, on the twenty-second day, Yusin was given the rank of taedaegakgan and Inmun the rank of daegakgan, and the other ichan and generals were all made gakgan, and those of sopan and below were all raised one grade in rank.

Bondeuk, a sogam of the daedang, was first in merit in the battle of Sacheon. Bak Gyeonghan, a sogam of Hansanju, was first in merit for killing Sultal the gunju inside the walled city of Pyongyang. Seongeuk the heugangnyeong was first in merit in the battle at the great gate of the walled city of Pyongyang. All of them were given the rank of ilgilchan and a thousand seok of grain.

Kim Dunsan, a dangju of the seodang, was first in merit in the battle at the camp of Pyongyang, and he was given the rank of sachan and seven hundred seok of grain. Bukgeo of Namhansan, a gunsa, was first in merit in the battle at the north gate of the walled city of Pyongyang, and he was given the rank of sulgan and a thousand seok of grain. Gugi of Buyang, a gunsa, was first in merit in the battle at the south bridge of Pyongyang, and he was given the rank of sulgan and seven hundred seok of grain. Sehwal of Biyeolhol, an acting gunsa, was first in merit in the battle at the small fort of Pyongyang, and he was given the rank of gogan and five hundred seok of grain. Kim Sanggyeong, a sogam of Hansanju, died fighting at Sacheon, and as he was first in merit he was given the rank of ilgilchan and a thousand seok of grain.

Guyul of Asul, of the rank of sachan, in the battle of Sacheon went down under the bridge and crossed the water and came out and fought the enemy and won a great victory. But he had no order from the army and had gone into a dangerous way of his own will, and so his merit, though it was first, was not written down. He was angry and bitter and would have hanged himself, but those beside him saved him and he could not die.

On the twenty-fifth day, as the king was returning to his country, he stopped at the post station of Yokdol, and Yongjang of the rank of daeachan, the sasin of Gugwon, set out a feast of his own and entertained the king and all his attendants. When the music began, Neungan the son of Ginju of the rank of nama, who was fifteen years old, offered the dance of Gaya. The king saw that his form and his bearing were seemly and fair, and he called him forward and stroked his back and pressed wine upon him in a golden cup, and he gave him gifts of silk very generously.

In the eleventh month, on the fifth day, the king entered the capital with seven thousand Goguryeo captives. On the sixth day he led the civil and military officers and went before the shrine of his forefathers and reported, saying, "Reverently following the will of my forefathers, I raised a righteous army together with Great Tang and called Baekje and Goguryeo to account for their crimes. The chief evildoers have bowed to their punishment, and the steps of the country are at peace. I dare to declare this. Let the spirits hear it."

On the eighteenth day gifts were given to those who had died in the fighting: ten (characters are missing) pil for those of sogam and above, and twenty pil for their followers. In the twelfth month there was a fire at Yeongmyosa.

In the ninth year, in spring, the first month, Sinhye the master of the law was made jeonggwan daeseoseong. Fa'an, a monk of Tang, came and passed on the command of the Son of Heaven, asking for lodestone.

In the second month, on the twenty-first day, the great king gathered his ministers and sent down an order:

"In former days Silla was hemmed in between two countries, striking to the north and invaded from the west, and there was not a quiet year even for a moment. The bones of the soldiers were heaped upon the plains, and their bodies and their heads were parted in the courtyards and at the borders. The former king pitied the hurt and the harm done to the people, and forgetting the honor of a lord of a thousand chariots he crossed the sea and went to the court and asked for troops at the crimson palace. What he wished from the first was to put down the two countries, so that there should be no more fighting for ever, to wash away the deep enmity of many generations and to make whole the remaining lives of the people.

Baekje was put down, but Goguryeo was not yet destroyed. I took up the unfinished work of that conquest and have now brought to an end the will of the former king, which he had already begun. Now that the two enemies are put down and the four corners are quiet and at peace, those who went to the battle line and did great deeds have all been rewarded, and the hidden souls of those who died fighting have been helped with means for the world below.

But those who are in prison have not received the kindness that pities the guilty, and those who suffer under the cangue and the chain have not received the favor of a new beginning. When I think upon this, my sleep and my food are not at ease, and it is right that there should be a pardon within the country.

Of those who before the dawn of the twenty-first day of the second month of the second year of Zongzhang committed the five rebellious crimes, or crimes punishable by death and below, and are now held in prison, let all be set free, great crime or small alike. Those who committed crimes after the former pardon and were stripped of their rank, let them all be as they were before. As for thieves, let their persons be set free, and those who have no goods to give back, let them not be made to repay. Of the people who were poor and borrowed the grain of others, those in a land where the harvest failed shall give back neither the loan nor the interest, and those in a place where the harvest was good shall give back only the loan itself when the crop is gathered this year, and shall not give back the interest.

The last day of this month is the limit. Let the offices concerned carry it out."

In summer, the fifth month, the people of the three districts of Cheonjeong, Biyeolhol and Gangnyeon were hungry, and the granaries were opened and relief was given. Gijinsan of the rank of geupchan and others were sent into Tang to present two boxes of lodestone. Heumsun of the rank of gakgan and Yangdo of the rank of pajinchan were also sent into Tang to beg pardon.

In winter an envoy of Tang came and passed on an edict, and he went back with Gujinsan of the rank of sachan, a maker of crossbows. Gujinsan was ordered to make a wooden crossbow, and it shot an arrow thirty paces. The Emperor asked, "I hear that the crossbows made in your country shoot a thousand paces. Now it is barely thirty paces. How is this?" He answered, "The wood is not good. If wood is brought from my own country, then it can be made."

The Son of Heaven sent an envoy down to seek it, and Bokhan of the rank of daenama was sent at once to present the wood. Then Gujinsan was ordered to make it again, and it reached sixty paces. When he was asked the reason he answered, "I too cannot know why it is so. Perhaps the wood crossed the sea and was touched by the damp air." The Son of Heaven suspected that he was holding back on purpose and threatened him with a heavy punishment, but to the end he did not show the whole of his skill.

The horse pastures, a hundred and seventy-four in all, were given out. Twenty-two belonged to the sonae and ten to the palace. Six went to Yusin the taedaegakgan and five to Inmun of the rank of daegakgan, three each to seven gakgan, two each to five ichan, two each to four sopan, and one each to six pajinchan and twelve daeachan, and the seventy-four below these were given out as was fitting.

In the tenth year, in spring, the first month, Gaozong allowed Heumsun to return to his country but kept Yangdo in prison, and he died at last in the round prison. Because the king had taken the land and the remaining people of Baekje for himself, the Emperor was angry and reproached him and kept the envoys again.

In the third month Seol Oyu of the rank of sachan and Go Yeonmu, a taedaehyeong of Goguryeo, each led ten thousand picked troops and crossed the Amnok River and came to Okgol, and the troops of Malgal had come first to Gaedonyang and were waiting for them. In summer, the fourth month, on the fourth day, they fought face to face, and the troops of Silla won a great victory, and those they cut down and took were beyond counting. The troops of Tang came up after them, and the troops of Silla drew back and held Baekseong.

In the sixth month Mojam, a daehyeong and a man of Surimseong in Goguryeo, gathered the remaining people and came from Gungmoseong to the south of the Pae river and killed the officers of Tang and the monk Fa'an and others. As they were going toward Silla they came to the island of Sayado in the Western Sea and met Anseung, the son of Yeon Jeongto the great minister of Goguryeo, and they brought him into Hanseong and honored him as their lord, and they sent Dasik, a sohyeong, and others to come and report, saying, "To raise up a country that has perished and to continue a line that has been cut off is the common right of all under heaven, and we look to the great country alone. The former king of our country lost the way and was destroyed, but now we, your servants, have found Anseung, a nobleman of the country, and honor him as our lord. We wish to be a hedge for you and to give our whole loyalty for ever."

The king settled him at Geummaju in the west of the country. A woman of Hangibu bore three sons and one daughter at one birth, and she was given two hundred seok of grain.

In autumn, the seventh month, the king suspected that the remnant people of Baekje were turning this way and that, and he sent Yudon of the rank of daeachan to the governorate of Ungjin to ask for peace, but they would not agree, and they sent Ye Gun the sama to spy. The king knew that they were plotting against Silla, and he held Ye Gun and did not send him back, and he raised troops and struck Baekje.

Pumil, Munchung, Jungsin, Uigwan, Cheongwan and the others attacked and took sixty-three fortresses and moved the people of them into the inner land. Cheonjon, Jukji and the others took seven fortresses and cut off two thousand heads. Gungwan and Munyeong took twelve fortresses and struck the enemy troops and cut off seven thousand heads, and they took a great many war horses and weapons.

When the king came back, Jungsin, Uigwan, Dalgwan and Heungwon and the others had drawn back from the camp at (characters are missing), and their crime deserved death, but he pardoned them and only put them out of office. Changgiru (characters are missing) one, and each was given the rank of geupchan, and grain was given by degree.

Sumisan of the rank of sachan was sent to make Anseung king of Goguryeo. The writing of investiture was this:

"On the first day, the day sinchuk, of the eighth month of autumn in the first year of Xianheng, the year gyeongo, the king of Silla sends his command to Anseung, the heir of Goguryeo. Your great ancestor King Jungmo heaped up virtue in the northern mountains and set up merit by the southern sea. His awe and his bearing shook Cheonggu, and his benevolent teaching covered Hyeondo. His sons and his grandsons followed one another, the trunk and the branches were not cut off, the land opened out a thousand li, and the years drew near eight hundred. But when it came to the brothers Geon and San, disaster arose within the house and a breach was made among kinsmen, and house and country were broken and destroyed, the shrine and the altars were sunk and lost, and the living were tossed like waves with no place to set their hearts.

You fled from danger and hardship into the hills and the fields and threw your lone self upon a neighboring country. In your wandering and your bitter toil your track was the same as that of Duke Wen of Jin, and in raising up again a country that had perished your work was the same as that of the lord of Wei.

Now the people cannot be without a lord, and Heaven surely has a command that watches over them. There is none but you to continue the true line of the former king, and if not you, who should be master of the sacrifices? Reverently I send the envoy Kim Sumisan of the rank of ilgilchan and others to go and spread out the writing of investiture and make you king of Goguryeo. You should comfort and gather the remaining people and continue and raise up the old thread and be a neighboring country for ever, and let your service be as that of brothers. Be reverent, be reverent.

Together with this I send two thousand seok of white rice, one horse with its armor, five pil of damask, ten pil each of silk and of fine cloth, and fifteen ching of cotton. Let the king receive them."

In the twelfth month Saturn entered the moon. There was an earthquake in the capital. Jigyeong the jungsi retired. The country of Wa changed its name to Ilbon (日本), saying of itself that it took the name because it was near where the sun rises. Suse, the chonggwan of Hanseongju, was about to go to the (characters are missing) country of Baekje, and when the matter came to light Jinju of the rank of daeachan was sent and put him to death.

Samguk sagi, book six.