Yetgeul › Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) › Annals of Goguryeo

King Micheon美川王

Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) 三國史記 · Kim Busik and others · 1145 (Goryeo, 23rd year of King Injong) · 12 passages · 860 Chinese characters · reading time 3.4 min

Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) Annals of Goguryeo The oldest surviving history of Korea. It is made up of the annals of Silla, Goguryeo and Baekje, together with the treatises, the tables and the biographies. Kim Busik set his own judgments here and there in passages marked as his comment, so what the compiler doubted and what he rebuked stands there still.

1Eulbul wanders as a salt trader

美川王,諱乙弗,西川王之子古鄒加咄固之子。初烽上王疑弟咄固有異心,殺之,子乙弗畏害出遁。始就水室村人陰牟家傭作。陰牟不知其何許人,使之甚苦。其家側草澤,蛙鳴,使乙弗夜投瓦石,禁其聲,晝日督之樵採,不許暫息,不勝艱苦,周年,乃去。與東村人再牟販鹽。乘舟抵鴨渌,將鹽下寄江東思收村人家。其家老嫗請鹽,許之斗許,再請不與。其嫗恨恚,潛以屨置之鹽中。乙弗不知,負而上道。嫗追索之,誣以廋屨。告鴨渌宰。宰以屨直,取鹽與嫗,決笞放之。於是,形容枯槁,衣裳藍縷,人見之,不知其為王孫也。是時,國相倉助利將廢王,先遣北部祖弗、東部蕭友等,物色訪乙弗於山野。至沸流河邊,見一丈夫在舡上,雖形貌憔悴,而動止非常。

King Micheon's name was Eulbul (乙弗). He was the son of Dolgo the gochuga, who was a son of King Seocheon.

In the beginning King Bongsang suspected that his younger brother Dolgo had another heart, and killed him. The son, Eulbul, feared harm and fled into hiding. At first he went to the house of Eummo, a man of Susilchon, and worked there for hire. Eummo did not know what sort of man he was, and used him very hard. In the grassy pool beside the house frogs cried, so he made Eulbul throw tiles and stones at night to stop the sound, and by day he drove him to gather firewood and did not let him rest even a moment. Eulbul could not bear the hardship, and after a full year he left.

He traded in salt with Jaemo, a man of Dongchon. They took a boat to the Amnok, and brought the salt ashore and lodged at the house of a man of Sasuchon, east of the river. The old woman of that house asked for salt, and he gave her about a mal. She asked again, and he did not give it. The old woman was bitter and angry, and secretly put her shoes into the salt. Eulbul did not know, and carried it on his back and took the road. The old woman came after him and searched it out, and charged him falsely with hiding her shoes. She reported it to the magistrate of the Amnok. The magistrate took salt as the price of the shoes and gave it to the old woman, and had Eulbul beaten with the rod and let him go.

By now his face was withered and his clothes were ragged, and those who saw him did not know that he was a grandson of the king.

At that time Chang Jori, the guksang, was about to depose the king. First he sent Jobul of the northern division and Souu of the eastern division and others to search the hills and the fields for Eulbul by his looks. They came to the bank of the Biryu river and saw a man on a boat. His form and face were worn, yet the way he moved and the way he stood were not ordinary.

Interlinear notes 2

一云好壤王。

He is also called King Hoyang (好壤王).

或云憂弗。

He is also called Ubul (憂弗).

2The first year — Eulbul is welcomed and set up as king

蕭友等疑是乙弗,就而拜之曰:「今國王無道,國相與群臣陰謀,廢之。以王孫操行儉約,仁慈愛人,可以嗣祖業,故遣臣等奉迎。」乙弗疑曰:「予野人,非王孫也,請更審之。」蕭友等曰:「今上,失人心久矣,固不足為國主,故群臣望王孫甚勤,請無疑。」遂奉引以歸。助利喜,致於烏陌南家,不令人知。秋九月,王獵於侯山之陰,國相助利從之。謂衆人曰:「與我同心者,効我。」乃以蘆葉挿冠,衆人皆揷之。助利知衆心皆同,遂共廢王,幽之別室,以兵周衛。遂迎王孫,上璽綬,卽王位。冬十月,黃霧四塞。十一月,風從西北來,飛砂走石六日。十二月,星孛于東方。

Souu and the others suspected that this was Eulbul. They went up and bowed to him and said. "The king now has no way in him, and so the guksang and the many officials have taken secret counsel to depose him. They say that you, the king's grandson, are sparing and simple in your conduct, kindly and loving toward people, and fit to carry on your grandfather's work. Therefore they have sent us, your servants, to receive you and bring you back."

Eulbul doubted them and said. "I am a man of the fields, not a king's grandson. Look again, I ask you."

Souu and the others said. "The one above has lost the hearts of the people, and has long since lost them. Truly he is not enough to be the lord of the country. So the many officials look to you, the king's grandson, with great longing. Do not doubt us."

At last they received him and led him back. Jori was glad, and lodged him in a house south of Omaek, and did not let anyone know.

In autumn, the ninth month, the king hunted north of Husan, and Jori, the guksang, went with him. Jori said to the crowd, "Whoever is of one heart with me, do as I do." Then he stuck a reed leaf in his cap, and all the crowd stuck one in as well. Jori knew that the hearts of the crowd were all the same, and so together they deposed the king, shut him in a separate room, and had soldiers guard it all around. Then they welcomed the king's grandson, offered him the seal and its cord, and set him on the throne.

In winter, the tenth month, a yellow fog closed in on all four sides. In the eleventh month a wind came from the northwest, blowing the sand and rolling the stones, for six days. In the twelfth month a comet appeared in the east.

3The third year — he raids Hyeondo Commandery

三年,秋九月,王率兵三萬,侵玄菟郡,虜獲八千人,移之平壤。

In the third year, in autumn, the ninth month, the king led thirty thousand soldiers and raided Hyeondo Commandery. He took eight thousand people captive and moved them to Pyeongyang.

4The twelfth year — he attacks and takes Xi'anping

十二年,秋八月,遣將襲取遼東西安平。

In the twelfth year, in autumn, the eighth month, he sent a general to attack Xi'anping in Liaodong and take it.

5The fourteenth year — he raids Nangnang Commandery

十四年,冬十月,侵樂浪郡,虜獲男女二千餘口。

In the fourteenth year, in winter, the tenth month, he raided Nangnang Commandery and took more than two thousand men and women captive.

6The fifteenth year — he raids Daebang Commandery

十五年,春正月,立王子斯由為太子。秋九月,南侵帶方郡。

In the fifteenth year, in spring, the first month, he set up his son Sayu as crown prince. In autumn, the ninth month, he went south and raided Daebang Commandery.

7The sixteenth year — he breaks the fortress of Hyeondo

十六年,春二月,攻破玄菟城,殺獲甚衆。秋八月,星孛于東北。

In the sixteenth year, in spring, the second month, he attacked and broke the fortress of Hyeondo, and those killed and taken were very many. In autumn, the eighth month, a comet appeared in the northeast.

8The twentieth year — Cui Bi flees here

二十年,冬十二月,晉平州刺使崔毖來奔。初,崔毖陰說我及段氏、宇文氏,使共攻慕容廆,三國進攻棘城。廆閉門自守,獨以牛酒,犒宇文氏。與國疑宇文氏與廆有謀各引兵歸。宇文大人悉獨官曰:「二國雖歸,吾當獨取之。」廆使其子皝與長史裴嶷,將精銳為前鋒,自將大兵繼之,悉獨官大敗,僅以身免。崔毖聞之,使其兄子燾詣棘城僞賀。廆臨之以兵,燾懼首服,廆迺遣燾歸。謂毖曰:「降者,上策;走者,下策也。」引兵隨之。毖與數十騎,棄家來奔,其衆悉降於廆。廆以其子仁,鎭遼東官府,市里案堵如故。我將如孥據于河城,廆遣將軍張統,掩撃擒之,俘其衆千餘家,歸于棘城。王數遣兵寇遼東,慕容廆遣慕容翰、慕容仁,伐之。王求盟。翰、仁乃還。

In the twentieth year, in winter, the twelfth month, Cui Bi, the inspector of Pingzhou in Jin, fled here.

In the beginning Cui Bi had secretly talked over Goguryeo and the Duan and the Yuwen, so that they should attack Murong Hui together, and the three countries advanced and attacked Jicheng. Hui shut the gates and held his own, and gave oxen and wine to the Yuwen alone, to feast them. The countries that had joined suspected that the Yuwen had some plan together with Hui, and each led its soldiers home.

Sidugwan, the great man of the Yuwen, said. "Though the two countries have gone home, I shall take him alone." Hui had his son Huang and Pei Yi, the chief clerk, lead the picked troops as the vanguard, and himself led the great army behind them. Sidugwan was greatly beaten, and barely got away with his life.

Cui Bi heard of it and sent Tao, his elder brother's son, to Jicheng to offer false congratulations. Hui faced him with soldiers, and Tao was afraid and confessed. Then Hui sent Tao back to say to Cui Bi, "To surrender is the best plan. To run is the worst plan." He led soldiers and followed after him. Cui Bi, with a few dozen horsemen, left his household and fled here, and all his people surrendered to Hui.

Hui had his son Ren hold Liaodong, and the offices and the markets and the villages were quiet as before. Yeono, a general of Goguryeo, held out at the fortress of Ha. Hui sent the general Zhang Tong, who fell upon him and took him, and carried off more than a thousand households of his people and went back to Jicheng.

The king often sent soldiers to plunder Liaodong, and Murong Hui sent Murong Han and Murong Ren to attack him. The king asked for an oath of peace, and Han and Ren then went back.

9The twenty-first year — he plunders Liaodong

二十一年,冬十二月,遣兵寇遼東,慕容仁拒戰破之。

In the twenty-first year, in winter, the twelfth month, he sent soldiers to plunder Liaodong, and Murong Ren met them in battle and broke them.

10The thirty-first year — he sends hosi arrows to the Later Zhao

三十一年,遣使後趙石勒,致其楛矢。

In the thirty-first year, he sent an envoy to Shi Le of the Later Zhao, and sent him arrows of hosi (楛矢).

11The thirty-second year — King Micheon dies

三十二年,春二月,王薨,葬於美川之原,號曰美川王。

In the thirty-second year, in spring, the second month, the king died. He was buried on the Micheonwon plain, and was called King Micheon (美川王).

12Samguk sagi, book seventeen

三國史記卷第十七

Samguk sagi, book seventeen.