First Guide to the Southern Mountains南山經之首
南山經之首曰䧿山。其首曰招搖之山，臨於西海之上，多桂，多金玉。有草焉，其狀如韭而青華，其名曰祝餘，食之不饑。有木焉，其狀如榖而黑理，其華四照，其名曰迷穀，佩之不迷。有獸焉，其狀如禺而白耳，伏行人走，其名曰狌狌，食之善走。麗𪊨之水出焉，而西流注於海，其中多育沛，佩之無瘕疾。
The first of the First Guide to the Southern Mountains is Mount Que. Its first mountain is called Mount Zhaoyao. It stands looking down upon the Western Sea. There are many cassia trees, and much gold and jade. There is a plant here shaped like a leek, with blue flowers. It is called zhuyu, and one who eats it does not go hungry. There is a tree here shaped like a paper mulberry, with black grain, and its flowers shine in all four directions. It is called migu, and one who wears it does not lose the way. There is a beast here shaped like a monkey, with white ears. It goes crouching, and then runs like a man. It is called xingxing, and one who eats it runs well. The Liji River rises here and flows west into the sea. In its waters there is much yupei, and one who wears it does not suffer the sickness of worms in the belly.
Interlinear notes 10
在蜀，伏山山南之西頭，濱西海也。
It is in the land of Shu. It lies south of Mount Fu, at its western end, and it reaches the Western Sea.
桂葉似枇杷，長二尺餘，廣數寸，味辛白花，叢生山峯。冬夏常青，間無雜木。《呂氏春秋》曰：「招搖之桂」
The leaves of the cassia are like loquat leaves. They are a little more than two chi long and several cun wide. The taste is pungent and the flowers are white. They grow in clumps on the mountain peaks. They are green in winter and in summer alike, and no other tree is mixed among them. The Lüshi chunqiu says, "the cassia of Zhaoyao."
璨曰：韭音九。《爾雅》云：「霍山亦多之」
Can says that the word for leek is pronounced jiu. The Erya says, "Mount Huo also has much of it."
或作桂荼
Some texts write it as guitu.
榖,楮也，皮作紙。璨曰：榖亦名構。名榖者以其實如榖也
Gu is the paper mulberry. Paper is made from its bark. Can says that gu is also called gou. It is named gu because its fruit is like grain.
言有光燄也。若木、華赤其光照地，亦此類也。見《離騷經》
This means that it gives off light. The ruomu has red flowers, and their light shines on the ground, so it is of the same kind. It is seen in the Lisao jing.
禺似獼猴而大赤目，長者不了此物名禺。作牛字圖，亦做牛形或作猴，皆失之也。禺字音遇，
The yu is like a macaque but larger, with red eyes. Older men did not know that this creature is called yu. Some drew it with the character 牛, some drew it in the shape of an ox, and some drew it as a monkey, and all of these are wrong. The name is pronounced yu.
狌狌，禺獸。狀如猿，伏行交足亦此類也。見《京房易》
The xingxing is a beast of the yu kind. It is shaped like an ape, and it goes crouching with its feet crossing, so it is of the same kind. It is seen in the Jingfang yi.
𪊨音几
The name of the river is pronounced liji.
瘕，蟲病也。
Jia is the sickness of worms forming in the belly.
又東三百里，曰堂庭之山，多棪木，多白猿，多水玉，多黃金。
Three hundred li further east lies Mount Tangting. There are many yan trees, many white apes, much crystal, and much yellow gold.
Interlinear notes 3
棪，別名連。其子似柰而赤，可食，音剡
The yan is also called lian. Its fruit is like a crabapple and red, and it can be eaten. The name is pronounced yan.
今猿似獼猴而大臂，腳長便捷。色有黑有黃。鳴其聲哀
The ape of today is like a macaque, but its arms are large and its legs long, so it is nimble. In color some are black and some yellow. When it cries, its voice is mournful.
水玉，今水晶也。相如《上林賦》曰：「水玉磊砢，赤松子所服。」見《列仙傳》
Shuiyu is the crystal of today. Sima Xiangru's Shanglin fu says, "Shuiyu lies heaped in piles; it is what Chisongzi ate." It is seen in the Liexian zhuan.
又東三百八十里，曰猨翼之山，其中多怪獸，水多怪魚，多白玉，多腹虫，多怪蛇，多怪木，不可以上。
Three hundred and eighty li further east lies Mount Yuanyi. Within it are many strange beasts, and in its waters many strange fish. There is much white jade, much fuchong, many strange snakes, and many strange trees, and it cannot be climbed.
Interlinear notes 2
凡言怪者，皆謂兒狀倔奇不常也。尸子曰：「徐偃王好怪，沒深水而得怪魚，入深山而得怪獸者多列於庭。」
Wherever it says strange, it means that the form is odd and out of the ordinary. The Shizi says, "King Yan of Xu loved strange things. He went down into deep water and got strange fish, and he went into deep mountains and got strange beasts, and many of them were set out in his courtyard."
腹虫色如綬，文鼻，上有針。大者百餘斤，一名反鼻虫，古虺字
The fuchong is the color of a seal cord. It has markings on its nose, and above it has a sting. The large ones are more than a hundred jin, and it is also called fanbichong. It is the old form of the character 虺.
又東三百七十里，曰杻陽之山，其陽多赤金，其陰多白金。有獸焉，其狀如馬而白首，其文如虎而赤尾，其音如謠，其名曰鹿蜀，佩之宜子孫。怪水出焉，而東流注於憲翼之水。其中多玄龜，其狀如龜而鳥首虺尾，其名曰旋龜，其音如判木，佩之不聾，可以為底。
Three hundred and seventy li further east lies Mount Niuyang. On its sunny side there is much red metal, and on its shaded side much white metal. There is a beast here shaped like a horse, with a white head. Its markings are like a tiger's and its tail is red. Its voice is like a song. It is called lushu, and one who wears it will have fine sons and grandsons. The Guai River rises here and flows east into the Xianyi River. In its waters there are many black turtles, shaped like turtles but with the head of a bird and the tail of a viper. They are called xuangui, and their voice is like wood being split. One who wears it does not go deaf, and it can cure calluses.
Interlinear notes 7
音紐
The name is pronounced niu.
銀也，見《爾雅》。山南爲陽，山北爲陰
It is silver. It is seen in the Erya. The south of a mountain is its sunny side, and the north of a mountain is its shaded side.
如人歌聲
It is like the sound of a person singing.
佩，謂帶其皮尾
To wear it means to carry its hide and its tail on the body.
虺，尾銃
The viper has a pointed tail.
如破木聲
It is like the sound of wood being split.
底，躪也，爲猶治也。《外傳》曰：「疾不可爲。」一作底猶病愈也
Di is a callus. Wei is the same as to cure. The Waizhuan says, "The sickness cannot be cured." Some texts write, "Di is the same as saying that the sickness is healed."
又東三百里柢山，多水，無草木。有魚焉，其狀如牛，陵居，蛇尾有翼，其羽在魼下，其音如留牛，其名曰鯥，冬死而夏生，食之無腫疾。
Three hundred li further east is Mount Di. There is much water, and no plants or trees. There is a fish here shaped like an ox, and it lives on dry land. Its tail is like a snake's, and it has wings, and its feathers are below its flanks. Its voice is like a liuniu. It is called lu, and it dies in winter and comes to life in summer. One who eats it does not suffer swelling.
Interlinear notes 5
音蔕
The name is pronounced di.
亦作脅
魼 is also written 脅.
莊子曰：「執犂之狗」謂此牛也。《穆天子傳》曰：「天子之狗執虎豹」
The Zhuangzi says, "the dog of Zhili," and this means this ox. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "The Son of Heaven's dogs seize tigers and leopards."
音六
The name is pronounced lu.
此亦蟄类也。谓之死者言其蟄，無所知如死耳。
This too is of the hibernating kind. To say that it dies means only that in hibernation it knows nothing, and that is like being dead.
又東四百里，曰亶爰之山，多水，無草木，不可以上。有獸焉，其狀如狸而有髦，其名曰類，自為牝牡，食者不妬。
Four hundred li further east lies Mount Chanyuan. There is much water and no plants or trees, and it cannot be climbed. There is a beast here shaped like a wildcat, with a mane. It is called lei, and it is female and male of itself. One who eats it is not jealous.
Interlinear notes 4
亶音蟬
The name is pronounced chan.
言崇峭也
This means that it is high and steep.
類或作沛，髦或作髮
Some texts write 類 as 沛, and some write 髦 as 髮.
莊子亦曰：「類自爲雌雄而化，今貆豬亦自爲雌雄」
The Zhuangzi also says, "The lei is female and male of itself, and so it breeds." The badger of today is also female and male of itself.
又東三百里，曰基山，其陽多玉，其陰多怪木。有獸焉，其狀如羊，九尾四耳，其目在背，其名曰猼訑，佩之不畏。有鳥焉，其狀如雞而三首六目、六足三翼，其名曰𪁺𩿧，食之無臥。
Three hundred li further east lies Mount Ji. On its sunny side there is much jade, and on its shaded side many strange trees. There is a beast here shaped like a sheep, with nine tails and four ears, and its eyes are on its back. It is called boshi, and one who wears it does not take fright. There is a bird here shaped like a chicken, with three heads, six eyes, six feet, and three wings. It is called changfu, and one who eats it needs no sleep.
Interlinear notes 4
愽施二音。施一作阤
It has the two sounds 愽 and 施. Some texts write 施 as 阤.
不知恐畏
It knows no fear.
𪁺𩿧急性，敞孚二音
The changfu is quick-tempered. It has the two sounds 敞 and 孚.
使人必眠
It is sure to make a person sleep.
又東三百里，曰青丘之山，其陽多玉，其陰多青雘。有獸焉，其狀如狐而九尾，其音如嬰兒，能食人；食者不蠱。有鳥焉，其狀如鳩，其音若呵，名曰灌灌，佩之不惑。英水出焉，南流注于即翼之澤。其中多赤鱬，其狀如魚而人面，其音如鴛鴦，食之不疥。
Three hundred li further east lies Mount Qingqiu. On its sunny side there is much jade, and on its shaded side much qinghuo. There is a beast here shaped like a fox, with nine tails. Its voice is like an infant's, and it can eat people. One who eats it does not fall to gu. There is a bird here shaped like a dove, and its voice is like scolding. It is called guanguan, and one who wears it is not deluded. The Ying River rises here and flows south into the Jiyi Marsh. In its waters there is much chiru, shaped like a fish but with a human face. Its voice is like a mandarin duck's, and one who eats it does not get scabies.
Interlinear notes 5
亦有青丘國在海外水經云。即《上林賦》云：「秋田於青丘」
There is also a state of Qingqiu, and the Shui jing says that it lies beyond the sea. It is the place the Shanglin fu means when it says, "In autumn he hunts at Qingqiu."
雘，黝屬，音瓠
Huo is of the dark blue-green kind. It is pronounced huo.
即九尾狐
It is the nine-tailed fox.
敢其肉，令人不逢妖邪之氣，或曰蠱毒
Eating its flesh keeps a person from meeting baleful vapors. Some call it gudu.
如人相呵呼聲
It is like the sound of people scolding and calling to one another.
又東三百五十里，曰箕尾之山，其尾踆於東海，多沙石。汸水出焉，而南流注於淯，其中多白玉。
Three hundred and fifty li further east lies Mount Jiwei. Its tail squats upon the Eastern Sea, and there is much sand and stone. The Fang River rises here and flows south into the Yu. In its waters there is much white jade.
Interlinear notes 3
踆，古蹲字。言臨海上音存。
Cun is the old form of the character 蹲. It means that it comes down upon the sea. It is pronounced cun.
音芳
The name is pronounced fang.
音育
The name is pronounced yu.
凡䧿山之首，自招搖之山，以至箕尾之山，凡十山，二千九百五十里。其神狀皆鳥身而龍首，其祠之禮毛：用一璋玉瘞，糈用稌米，一璧，稻米、白菅為席。
In all, the head of Mount Que runs from Mount Zhaoyao to Mount Jiwei, ten mountains in all, two thousand nine hundred and fifty li. The gods there all have the body of a bird and the head of a dragon. The rite of sacrifice to them uses a victim whole in coat. One zhang jade is buried. For the offering rice, glutinous rice is used. One bi jade is set with non-glutinous rice, and white reed is made the mat.
Interlinear notes 4
言擇牲怪其毛色也。《周官》曰：「陽祀用騂牲之毛」
It means that in choosing the victim one picks it by the color of its hair. The Zhouguan says, "For the yang sacrifices the hair of a red victim is used."
半珪爲璋，瘞埋也。
Half a gui makes a zhang. Yi means to bury.
糈，祀神之米，名先呂反。今江東音所一音壻。稌，稌稻也，他覩反。糈或作疏非也
Xu is the rice offered to the gods. Its sound is the 先 and 呂 spelling. In Jiangdong today it is read 所, and it is also read 壻. Tu is glutinous rice. Its sound is the 他 and 覩 spelling. Some texts write 糈 as 疏, but that is wrong.
菅，茅屬也。音間
Guan is of the thatch-grass kind. It is pronounced guan.