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Fourth Guide to the Eastern Mountains東次四經

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) 山海經 · Unknown · commentary by Guo Pu · Warring States to Western Han (commentary, 4th century) · 10 passages · 566 Chinese characters · reading time 2.3 min

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) Classic of the Mountains — East The oldest geography of the lands beyond the mountains and outside the seas, and a storehouse of myth. No single hand made it: it took shape from the Warring States down to the Han through many hands, and in the fourth century Guo Pu set his commentary to it. The nine-tailed fox, the jingwei bird, Kuafu, Xingtian and Xiwangmu all come from here. "Within the Eastern Sea, in a corner of the Northern Sea, there is a land named Joseon" — one of the earliest records in which the name Joseon survives stands in this book.

又《東次四經》之首,曰北號之山,臨于北海。有木焉,其狀如楊,赤華,其實如棗而無核,其味酸甘,食之不瘧。食水出焉,而東北流注于海。有獸焉,其狀如狼,赤首鼠目,其音如豚,名曰猲狙,是食人。有鳥焉,其狀如雞而白首,鼠足而虎爪,其名曰鬿雀,亦食人。

Again, the first of the Fourth Guide to the Eastern Mountains is Mount Beihao. It comes up against the Northern Sea. There is a tree here shaped like a willow, with red flowers. Its fruit is like a jujube but has no stone, and its taste is sour and sweet. One who eats it does not fall to the ague. The Shi River rises here and flows northeast into the sea. There is a beast here shaped like a wolf, with a red head and the eyes of a rat. Its voice is like a pig's, and it is called xieju, and it eats people. There is a bird here shaped like a hen but with a white head, the feet of a rat, and the claws of a tiger. It is called the qique, and it too eats people.

又南三百里,曰旄山,無草木。蒼體之水出焉,而西流注于展水。其中多鱃魚,其狀如鯉而大首,食者不疣。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Mao. There are no plants or trees. The Cangti River rises here and flows west into the Zhan River. In its waters there are many qiu fish, shaped like a carp but with a large head. One who eats them grows no warts.

又南三百二十里,曰東始之山,上多蒼玉。有木焉,其狀如楊而赤理,其汁如血,不實,其名曰𦬊,可以服馬,泚水出焉,而東北流注于海,其中多美貝,多茈魚,其狀如鮒,一首而十身,其臭如蘪蕪,食之不䊧。

Three hundred and twenty li further south lies Mount Dongshi. On its heights there is much blue jade. There is a tree here shaped like a willow, with red grain. Its sap is like blood, and it bears no fruit. It is called the gou, and with it horses can be broken to the hand. The Ci River rises here and flows northeast into the sea. In its waters there are many fine shells and many zi fish, shaped like a crucian carp, with one head and ten bodies. Their smell is like miwu, and one who eats them does not suffer looseness of the bowels.

又東南三百里,曰女烝之山,其上無草木。石膏水出焉,而西注于鬲水,其中多薄魚,其狀如鱣魚而一目,其音如歐,見則天下大旱。

Three hundred li further southeast lies Mount Nüzheng. On its heights there are no plants or trees. The Shigao River rises here and flows west into the Ge River. In its waters there are many bo fish, shaped like the zhan fish but with a single eye. Their voice is like retching, and when they appear there is a great drought under heaven.

又東南二百里,曰欽山,多金玉而無石。師水出焉,而北流注于皋澤,其中多鱃魚,多文貝。有獸焉,其狀如豚而有牙,其名曰當康,其鳴自叫,見則天下大穰。

Two hundred li further southeast lies Mount Qin. There is much gold and jade, and no stone. The Shi River rises here and flows north into the Gao Marsh. In its waters there are many qiu fish and many patterned shells. There is a beast here shaped like a pig but having tusks. It is called dangkang, and its cry is the calling of its own name. When it appears there is a great harvest under heaven.

又東南二百里,曰子桐之山,子桐之水出焉,而西流注于餘如之澤。其中多䱻魚,其狀如魚而鳥翼,出入有光,其音如鴛鴦,見則天下大旱。

Two hundred li further southeast lies Mount Zitong. The Zitong River rises here and flows west into the Yuru Marsh. In its waters there are many hua fish, shaped like a fish but with the wings of a bird. They shine as they go in and out of the water, and their voice is like a mandarin duck's. When they appear there is a great drought under heaven.

又東北二百里,曰剡山,多金玉。有獸焉,其狀如彘而人面,黃身而赤尾,其名曰合窳,其音如嬰兒。是獸也,食人,亦食蟲蛇,見則天下大水。

Two hundred li further northeast lies Mount Shan. There is much gold and jade. There is a beast here shaped like a pig but with a human face. Its body is yellow and its tail red, and it is called heyu. Its voice is like an infant's. This beast eats people, and it eats insects and snakes as well. When it appears there is a great flood under heaven.

又東北二百里,曰太山,上多金玉、楨木。有獸焉,其狀如牛而白首,一目而蛇尾,其名曰蜚,行水則竭,行草則死,見則天下大疫。鉤水出焉,而北流注于勞水,其中的鱃魚。

Two hundred li further northeast lies Mount Tai. On its heights there is much gold and jade and much zhen wood. There is a beast here shaped like an ox but with a white head, a single eye, and the tail of a snake. It is called fei. Where it passes through water the water dries up, and where it passes through grass the grass dies. When it appears there is a great pestilence under heaven. The Gou River rises here and flows north into the Lao River. In its waters there are qiu fish.

凡《東次四經》之首,自北號之山至于太山,凡八山,一千七百二十里。

In all, the head of the Fourth Guide to the Eastern Mountains runs from Mount Beihao to Mount Tai, eight mountains in all, one thousand seven hundred and twenty li.

右東經之山誌,凡四十六山,萬八千八百六十里。

The above is the record of the mountains of the Eastern Guide: forty-six mountains in all, eighteen thousand eight hundred and sixty li.