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Second Guide to the Central Mountains中次二經

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) 山海經 · Unknown · commentary by Guo Pu · Warring States to Western Han (commentary, 4th century) · 10 passages · 404 Chinese characters · reading time 1.6 min

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) Classic of the Mountains — Centre The oldest geography of the lands beyond the mountains and outside the seas, and a storehouse of myth. No single hand made it: it took shape from the Warring States down to the Han through many hands, and in the fourth century Guo Pu set his commentary to it. The nine-tailed fox, the jingwei bird, Kuafu, Xingtian and Xiwangmu all come from here. "Within the Eastern Sea, in a corner of the Northern Sea, there is a land named Joseon" — one of the earliest records in which the name Joseon survives stands in this book.

《中次二經》濟山之首,曰煇諸之山,其上多桑,其獸多閭麋,其鳥多鶡。

The head of the Jishan range in the Second Guide to the Central Mountains is Mount Huizhu. On its heights there are many mulberry trees. Among its beasts there are many lü asses and elk, and among its birds there are many he birds.

又西南二百里,曰發視之山,其上多金玉,其下多砥礪。即魚之水出焉,而西流注于伊水。

Two hundred li further southwest is Mount Fashi. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and below there are many whetstones. The Jiyu River rises here and flows west into the Yi River.

又西三百里,曰豪山,其上多金玉而無草木。

Three hundred li further west is Mount Hao. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and there are no plants or trees.

又西三百里,曰鮮山,多金玉,無草木。鮮水出焉,而北流注于伊水。其中多鳴蛇,其狀如蛇而四翼,其音如磬,見則其邑大旱。

Three hundred li further west is Mount Xian. There is much gold and jade, and there are no plants or trees. The Xian River rises here and flows north into the Yi River. In its waters there are many mingshe, shaped like a snake but with four wings. Their voice is like a stone chime, and when they appear there is a great drought in that district.

又西三百里,曰陽山,多石,無草木。陽水出焉,而北流注于伊水。其中多化蛇,其狀如人面而豺身,鳥翼而蛇行,其音如叱呼,見則其邑大水。

Three hundred li further west is Mount Yang. There are many stones, and no plants or trees. The Yang River rises here and flows north into the Yi River. In its waters there are many huashe, with the face of a man and the body of a jackal. Their wings are a bird's, and they move like a snake. Their voice is like a scolding shout, and when they appear there is a great flood in that district.

又西二百里,曰昆吾之山,其上多赤銅。有獸焉,其狀如彘而有角,其音如號,名曰蠪蛭,食之不眯。

Two hundred li further west is Mount Kunwu. On its heights there is much red copper. There is a beast here shaped like a pig but with horns. Its voice is like a wail, and it is called longzhi. Eat it and one is not troubled by nightmares.

又西百二十里,曰葌山,葌水出焉,而北流注于伊水,其上多金玉,其下多青雄黃。有木焉,其狀如棠而赤葉,名曰芒草,可以毒魚。

A hundred and twenty li further west is Mount Jian. The Jian River rises here and flows north into the Yi River. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and below there is much green realgar. There is a tree here shaped like a crab apple tree, with red leaves. It is called mangcao, and it can poison fish.

又西一百五十里,曰獨蘇之山,無草木而多水。

A hundred and fifty li further west is Mount Dusu. There are no plants or trees, and much water.

又西一百二十里,曰蔓渠之山,其上多金玉,其下多竹箭。伊水出焉,而東流注于洛。有獸焉,其名曰馬腹,其狀如人面虎身,其音如嬰兒,是食人。

A hundred and twenty li further west is Mount Manqu. On its heights there is much gold and jade, and below there is much small bamboo. The Yi River rises here and flows east into the Luo. There is a beast here called mafu. It has the face of a man and the body of a tiger, its voice is like a baby's, and it eats people.

凡濟山之首,自煇諸之山至于蔓渠之山,凡九山,一千六百七十里。其神皆人面而鳥身。祠用毛,用一吉玉,投而不糈。

In all, the head of the Jishan range runs from Mount Huizhu to Mount Manqu, nine mountains in all, one thousand six hundred and seventy li. The gods there all have the face of a man and the body of a bird. For the sacrifice an animal whole in coat is used, and one auspicious jade is thrown, and no offering rice is used.