Faults and Regrets世説新語 尤悔第三十三

魏略曰：「任城威王彰，字子文，太祖卞太后弟二子。性剛勇而黃須，北討代郡，獨與麾下百餘人突虜而走。太祖聞曰：『我黃須兒可用也！』」魏志春秋曰：「黃初三年，彰來朝。初，彰問璽綬，將有異志，故來朝不即得見，有此忿懼而暴薨。」

The Wei lue says, "Cao Zhang, the Awesome Prince of Rencheng, had the courtesy name Ziwen. He was the second son of Taizu by Empress Dowager Bian. His nature was firm and brave and his beard was yellow. When he campaigned north against Dai commandery, he broke through the barbarians and rode off with only a hundred or so of his own men. Taizu heard of it and said, 'My yellow-bearded boy will do.'" The Weizhi chunqiu says, "In the third year of Huangchu, Cao Zhang came to court. Earlier Cao Zhang had asked about the imperial seal and its cords, and he was about to harbor other designs; so when he came to court and was not granted an audience at once, this anger and fear were in him and he died suddenly."

魏志方伎傳曰：「文帝問占夢周宣：『吾夢磨錢文，欲滅而愈更明，何謂？』宣悵然不對。帝固問之，宣曰：『陛下家事，雖欲爾，而太后不聽，是以欲滅更明耳。』帝欲治弟植之罪，逼於太后，但加貶爵。」

The Fangji zhuan of the Wei zhi says, "Emperor Wen asked Zhou Xuan, who read dreams, 'I dreamed that I was grinding away the writing on a coin, and that the more I tried to rub it out the brighter it grew. What does it mean?' Zhou Xuan looked downcast and did not answer. The emperor pressed him, and Zhou Xuan said, 'It is a matter of Your Majesty's own house. Though you would have it so, the Empress Dowager will not hear of it, and that is why the more you would rub it out the brighter it grows.' The emperor meant to punish his younger brother Cao Zhi for his offense, but he was pressed by the Empress Dowager and did no more than lower his rank."

婚姻之禮，人道之大，豈由一不拜而遂為妾媵者乎？世說之言，於是乎紕繆。

The rite of marriage is a great thing in the way of man. How could a single bow left undone make a woman a concubine? Here the words of the Shishuo are in error.

王隱晉書曰：「成都王穎討長沙王乂，使陸為都督前鋒諸軍事。」機別傳曰：「成都王長史盧志，與機弟雲趣舍不同。又黃門孟玖求為邯鄲令於穎，穎教付雲，雲時為左司馬，曰：『刑餘之人，不可以君民！』玖聞此怨雲，與志讒構日至。及機於七里澗大敗，玖誣機謀反所致，穎乃使牽秀斬機。先是，夕夢黑幔繞車，手決不開，惡之。明旦，秀兵奄至，機解戎服，箸衣幍見秀，容貌自若，遂見害。時年四十三。軍士莫不流涕。是日天地霧合，大風折木，平地尺雪。」干寶晉紀曰：「初，陸抗誅步闡，百口皆盡，有識尤之。及機、雲見害，三族無遺。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "When Ying, Prince of Chengdu, attacked Yi, Prince of Changsha, he made Lu Ji commander of the vanguard over the affairs of the several armies." The Ji biezhuan says, "Lu Zhi, Chief Clerk to the Prince of Chengdu, and Lu Ji's younger brother Lu Yun took up and set aside different things. Also Meng Jiu of the Yellow Gate asked the Prince of Chengdu to be made Prefect of Handan, and the prince instructed Lu Yun to grant it. Lu Yun was Marshal of the Left at the time, and he said, 'A man left over from punishment cannot be lord over the people.' Meng Jiu heard this and bore Lu Yun a grudge, and day by day he and Lu Zhi brought slander and contrivance. When Lu Ji was heavily beaten at Qilijian, Meng Jiu falsely charged that Lu Ji had brought it on by plotting rebellion, and the Prince of Chengdu then sent Qian Xiu to behead Lu Ji. The evening before, Lu Ji had dreamed that a black curtain wrapped his carriage and that he tore at it with his hands and could not open it, and he took it for an ill sign. The next morning Qian Xiu's soldiers came suddenly. Lu Ji took off his armor, put on his robe and his headcloth, and met Qian Xiu with his face composed, and so he was killed. He was forty-three years old. Not one of the soldiers failed to weep. On that day heaven and earth closed in fog, a great wind broke the trees, and on level ground the snow lay a foot deep." Gan Bao's Jin ji says, "Earlier, when Lu Kang put Bu Chan to death, the whole hundred of that household were wiped out, and those who knew found fault with it. When Lu Ji and Lu Yun were killed, nothing was left of their three kindreds."

八王故事曰：「華亭，吳由拳縣郊外墅也，有清泉茂林。吳平後，陸機兄弟共游於此十餘年。」語林曰：「機為河北都督，聞警角之聲，謂孫丞曰：『聞此不如華亭鶴唳。』故臨刑而有此歎。」

The Bawang gushi says, "Huating was a villa outside the town of Youquan in Wu, with clear springs and thick woods. After Wu was pacified, Lu Ji and his brother roamed there together for more than ten years." The Yulin says, "When Lu Ji was commander of Hebei he heard the sound of the warning horns and said to Sun Cheng, 'To hear this is not so good as the cry of the cranes of Huating.' So at his execution he made this sigh."

鄧粲晉紀曰：「琨為并州牧，糾合齊盟，驅率戎旅，而內不撫其民，遂至喪軍失士，無成功也。」敬徹按：「琨以永嘉元年為并州，于時晉陽空城，寇盜四攻，而能收合士眾，抗行淵、勒，十年之中，敗而能振，不能撫御，其得如此乎？凶荒之日，千里無煙，豈一日有數千人歸之？若一日數千人去之，又安得一紀之間以對大難乎？」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Liu Kun was Governor of Bingzhou. He gathered men in a common oath and drove and led his troops, but within he did not care for his people, and so he came to lose his army and lose his officers, and had no work to show." Jingche, on examination, says, "Liu Kun took Bingzhou in the first year of Yongjia. Jinyang was an empty city then and bandits attacked on four sides, yet he could gather officers and a following and march against Liu Yuan and Shi Le, and in ten years he could be beaten and rise again. Could a man who was unable to hold and guide men have done so? In those harsh and ruined days there was no smoke for a thousand li. How could several thousand men come over to him in a single day? And if several thousand men left him in a single day, how could he have faced great trouble through twelve years?"

按王澄自為王敦所害，丞相名德，豈應有斯言也。

On examination: Wang Cheng was killed by Wang Dun himself, and the Chancellor was a man of name and virtue. How should he have said such a thing?

虞預晉書曰：「敦克京邑，參軍呂漪說敦曰：『周顗、戴淵，皆有名望，足以惑眾。視近日之言，無慚懼之色，若不除之，役將未歇也。』敦即然之，遂害淵、顗。初，漪為臺郎，淵既上官，素有高氣，以漪小器待之，故售其說焉。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "When Wang Dun had taken the capital, his adjutant Lu Yi urged him and said, 'Zhou Yi and Dai Yuan both have name and repute, enough to lead the crowd astray. Looking at their words these last days, there is no shame or fear in their faces. If these men are not removed, the labor of arms will not cease.' Wang Dun at once agreed, and so he destroyed Dai Yuan and Zhou Yi. Earlier, when Lu Yi was a gentleman of the Terrace, Dai Yuan was already his superior officer and had a lofty air by nature, and he treated Lu Yi as a small vessel. That is why Lu Yi sold him these words."

宣王創業，誅曹爽，任蔣濟之流者是也。高貴鄉公之事，已見上。

King Xuan, when he founded the work, put Cao Shuang to death and gave charge to men of Jiang Ji's sort. That is what is meant. The affair of the Duke of Gaogui Village has appeared above.

鄧粲晉紀曰：「王敦參軍，有於敦坐樗蒱，臨當成都，馬頭被殺，因謂曰：『周家奕世令望，而位不至三公，伯仁垂作而不果，有似下官此馬。』敦慨然流涕曰：『伯仁總角時，與於東宮，相遇一面，披衿便許之三司，何圖不幸，王法所裁，悽愴之深，言何能盡！』」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "One of Wang Dun's adjutants was playing chupu at Wang Dun's seat, and just as he was about to make Chengdu the horse head was killed. So he said, 'The house of Zhou has had good repute for generations, and yet their place has not reached the three dukes, and Boren was nearly there and did not come through, rather like this horse of your servant.' Wang Dun was moved and wept, and said, 'When Boren wore his hair in tufts I met him once at the Eastern Palace, and at a single meeting I opened my heart and granted him the three offices. How could I have reckoned that he would be cut down by the law of the king through such misfortune? How can words tell the depth of this grief?'"

溫氏譜曰：「嶠父襜，娶清河崔參女。」

The Wenshi pu says, "Wen Qiao's father Wen Chan married a daughter of Cui Can of Qinghe."

虞預晉書曰：「元帝即位，以溫嶠為散騎侍郎。嶠以母亡，逼賊，不得往臨葬，固辭。詔曰：『嶠以未葬，朝議又頗有異同，故不拜。其令入坐議，吾將折其衷。』」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "When Emperor Yuan took the throne he made Wen Qiao Gentleman Attendant of the Cavalry. Wen Qiao firmly declined, saying that his mother had died and that, pressed by bandits, he had not been able to go and attend her burial. The edict said, 'Wen Qiao has not yet buried her, and the discussion of the court is also somewhat divided, and so he has not taken office. Let him come in and sit in the discussion. I shall find the mean of it.'"

尋陽記曰：「周邵字子南，與南陽翟湯隱於尋陽廬山。庾亮臨江州，聞翟、周之風，束帶躡履而詣焉。聞庾至，轉避之。亮後密往，值邵彈鳥於林，因前與語。還，便云：『此人可起。』即拔為鎮蠻護軍、西陽太守。」其集載與邵書曰：「西陽一郡，戶口差實，非履道真純，何以鎮其流遁？詢之朝野，僉曰足下。今具上表，請足下臨之，無讓。」

The Xunyang ji says, "Zhou Shao, whose courtesy name was Zinan, hid himself on Mount Lu in Xunyang with Di Tang of Nanyang. When Yu Liang came to Jiangzhou he heard of the repute of Di and Zhou, and he bound his belt and put on his shoes and went to call on them. Hearing that Yu Liang had come, Zhou turned aside and avoided him. Yu Liang went afterward in secret, and found Shao shooting birds in the wood, and so he went up and spoke with him. When he came back he said at once, 'This man can be raised to office.' He drew him out to be Protector of the Army That Quells the Man and Governor of Xiyang." The letter to Shao that is carried in Yu Liang's collected works says, "Xiyang is a single commandery, and its households are fairly full. Unless the man who walks the way is true and pure, what will hold down their drifting and running off? I asked the court and the country, and all said it was you. Now I have set out a memorial in full asking that you come to this post. Do not decline it."

阮氏譜曰：「牖字彥倫，裕長子也。仕至州主簿。」

The Ruanshi pu says, "Ruan You, whose courtesy name was Yanlun, was the eldest son of Ruan Yu. He served as far as Recorder of the province."

以阮公智識，必無此弊。脫此非謬，何其惑歟？夫文王期盡，聖子不能駐其年，釋種誅夷，神力無以延其命。故業有定限，報不可移。若請禱而望其靈，匪驗而忽其道，固陋之徒耳。豈可以言神明之智者哉？

With Lord Ruan's wisdom and understanding there can have been no such failing. If this is not false, how deeply he was led astray! When King Wen's term was full, the sage son could not hold back his years; when the clan of Shakya was cut down and destroyed, divine power had no way to lengthen their lives. So deeds have their set bounds, and the recompense cannot be moved. To pray and to beg and to look for a wonder from it, and then to make light of the Way because no proof came, is the mark of a stiff and narrow sort. How can such a one be called a man of divine and clear wisdom?

續晉陽秋曰：「桓溫既以雄武專朝，任兼將相，其不臣之心，形于音跡。曾臥對親僚，撫枕而起曰：『為爾寂寂，為文、景所笑！』眾莫敢對。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Huan Wen held the court alone by his bold soldiership, and the offices of general and of minister were laid on him together, and his unsubject heart showed in his voice and in his tracks. Once he was lying down facing his close officers, and he stroked his pillow and rose and said, 'To be as quiet as this will make me a laughingstock to Emperors Wen and Jing.' None of the company dared answer."

征西，謝奕。

The General Who Conquers the West is Xie Yi.

孟子曰：「湍水，決之東則東，決之西則西。搏而躍之，可使過顙；激而行之，可使在山。豈水之性哉？人可使為不善，性亦猶是也。」

The Mengzi says, "Rushing water, opened to the east, goes east; opened to the west, goes west. Strike it and make it leap, and you can send it over a man's forehead; dam it and drive it, and you can keep it on a hill. Is this the nature of water? A man too can be made to do what is not good, and his nature is like this."

文公種菜，曾子牧羊，縱不識稻，何所多悔！此言必虛。

Duke Wen planted greens and Zengzi herded sheep. Even if he did not know rice, what was there to repent of so much? These words must be empty.

續晉陽秋曰：「桓沖本以將相異宜，才用不同，忖己德量，不及謝安，故解揚州以讓安。自謂少經軍鎮，及為荊州，聞符堅自出淮、肥，深以根本為慮，遣其隨身精兵三千人赴京師。時安已遣諸軍，且欲外示閒暇，因令沖軍還。沖大驚曰：『謝安乃有廟堂之量，不閑將略。吾量賊必破襄陽，而并力淮、肥。今大敵果至，方遊談示暇，遣諸不經事年少，而實寡弱，天下誰知？吾其左衽矣！』俄聞大勳克舉，慚慨而薨。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Huan Chong held from the first that the offices of general and of minister call for different men and that talent and use are not the same, and he weighed his own virtue and measure as not reaching Xie An, and so he gave up Yangzhou and yielded it to Xie An. He said of himself that he had known camp and garrison from his youth. When he became Governor of Jingzhou and heard that Fu Jian was coming out in person to the Huai and the Fei, he was deeply anxious for the root and the stock, and he sent the three thousand picked soldiers of his own guard to the capital. Xie An had already sent out the several armies, and wishing besides to show ease to those outside, he had Huan Chong's soldiers sent back. Huan Chong was greatly startled and said, 'Xie An has the measure of the shrine and the hall, but he is not practiced in a general's reckoning. By my reckoning the bandits will surely break Xiangyang and then put their strength together for the Huai and the Fei. Now the great enemy has come in earnest, and he is off roaming and talking to show his ease, and sending young men who have gone through nothing, and few and weak at that. Who in all under heaven can know? We shall be made to fold our collars to the left.' Soon he heard that the great work had been carried through, and he died in shame and deep feeling."

周祗隆安記曰：「仲堪以人情注於玄，疑朝廷欲以玄代己，遣道人竺僧愆齎寶物遺相王寵幸、媒尼、左右，以罪狀玄，玄知其謀，而擊滅之。」

Zhou Zhi's Long'an ji says, "Yin Zhongkan, because the feelings of men leaned toward Huan Xuan, suspected that the court meant to put Huan Xuan in his place. He sent the monk Zhu Sengqian with treasures to give to the favorites of the Prince Chancellor, to the go-betweens and to his attendants, so as to lay charges against Huan Xuan; but Huan Xuan knew the plan and struck him down."

孔安國注曰：「不以其道得富貴，則仁者不處。」

Kong Anguo's note says, "If riches and honor are not got by the Way, then the benevolent man does not rest in them."