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The kingdom of Jiapili in Tianzhu天竺迦毗黎國

Song Shu Yiman Zhuan (Accounts of the Yi and Man Peoples in the Book of Song) 宋書 夷蠻傳 · Shen Yue · 488 (Southern Qi, 6th year of the Yongming era) · 6 passages · 563 Chinese characters · reading time 2.3 min

Song Shu Yiman Zhuan (Accounts of the Yi and Man Peoples in the Book of Song) Complete in one volume The neighbours across the sea as the Song of the Southern dynasties saw them. Here are the tribute of Go Ryeon, King Jangsu of Goguryeo, and the affair of Feng Hong; the notice of Baekje taking Liaoxi; the memorials of the five kings of Wa — Chan, Jin, Je, Heung and Mu; and the memorials that the many kingdoms of the Southern Sea sent up out of their faith in the Buddha, down to Huilin's Treatise on Equal Goodness — the record of the sea roads of the fifth century.

1The kingdom of Jiapili in Tianzhu

元嘉五年,國王月愛遣使奉表曰:

In the fifth year of Yuanjia, Yue'ai (月愛), king of the country, sent an envoy with a memorial:

2The memorial of Yue'ai: in praise of Yangdu

:伏聞彼國,據江傍海,山川周固,眾妙悉備,莊嚴清淨,猶如化城,宮殿莊嚴,街巷平坦,人民充滿,歡娛安樂。聖王出遊,四海隨從,聖明仁愛,不害眾生,萬邦歸仰,國富如海。國中眾生,奉順正法,大王仁聖,化之以道,慈施羣生,無所遺惜。帝修淨戒,軌道不及,無上法船,濟諸沈溺,羣僚百官,受樂無怨,諸天擁護,萬神侍衞,天魔降伏,莫不歸化。王身端嚴,如日初出,仁澤普潤,猶如大雲,聖賢承業,如日月天,於彼真丹,最為殊勝。

"I have humbly heard that your kingdom rests on a river and lies beside the sea, that its hills and streams are firm on every side, and that every fine thing is there. It is solemn and clean like the conjured city (化城). The palace halls are solemn, the streets and lanes are level, the people fill them, and they are joyful and at peace. When the sage king goes out, the four seas follow him. He is sagely and bright and loving, and does no harm to living things, so the ten thousand lands turn to him and look up to him, and the wealth of the kingdom is like the sea. The living beings of the kingdom serve and follow the true Law. The great king is benevolent and sagely and teaches them by the Way, and he gives to all living things in compassion and spares nothing. The emperor keeps the pure precepts, and no rule can come up to his. With the boat of the highest Law he saves those who are sunk in the water. His many officers and all his officials receive joy and have no grudge. The gods guard him and a host of spirits attend him, the demons of heaven submit, and there is none that does not turn to him. The king's body is upright and solemn, like the sun when it first comes out, and his benevolent favor moistens all like a great cloud. Sages and worthies take up his work like the sun and the moon and the heavens, and in that Zhendan (真丹) he is the finest of all.

3The city on the Jiapi river

:臣之所住,名迦毗河,東際于海,其城四邊,悉紫紺石,首羅天護,令國安隱。國王相承,未嘗斷絕,國中人民,率皆修善,諸國來集,共遵道法,諸寺舍子,皆七寶形像,眾妙供具,如先王法。臣自修檢,不犯道禁,臣名月愛,棄世王種。

Where your subject lives is named the Jiapi river (迦毗河), and on the east it reaches the sea. The four sides of its city are all of zigan stone (紫紺石), and Shouluo heaven (首羅天) guards it and keeps the kingdom at peace. The kings of the land have followed one another and have never yet been cut off. The people of the kingdom for the most part all cultivate goodness, and men of many kingdoms come and gather and follow the Way and the Law together. The buildings of the many temples all hold images of the seven jewels, and every fine vessel of offering is there, after the law of the former kings. Your subject keeps and restrains himself and does not break the prohibitions of the Way. Your subject's name is Yue'ai, and he is of royal stock that has left the world.

4May the road of envoys never be cut

:惟願大王聖體和善,羣臣百官,悉自安隱。今以此國羣臣吏民,山川珍寶,一切歸屬,五體歸誠大王足下。山海遐隔,無由朝覲,宗仰之至,遣使下承。使主父名天魔悉達,使主名尼陁達,此人由來良善忠信,是故今遣奉使表誠。大王若有所須,珍奇異物,悉當奉送,此之境土,便是王國,王之法令,治國善道,悉當承用。願二國信使往來不絕,此反使還,願賜一使,具宣聖命,備勑所宜。款至之誠,望不空反,所白如是,願加哀愍。

I pray only that the sage body of the great king be in harmony and well, and that all his ministers and officials be at peace of themselves. Now the ministers, officers and people of this kingdom, and the treasures of its hills and streams, all belong to you, and with my five limbs I give my loyalty at the feet of the great king. Mountains and seas divide us far apart and I have no way to come to court, but in the height of my reverence I have sent envoys to serve you. The father of the chief envoy is named Tianmoxida, and the chief envoy is named Nituoda. This man has always been good and loyal and true, and so I now send him as envoy to show my sincerity. If the great king has need of anything, I shall send rare and strange things for all of it. This land is the king's own kingdom, and the king's laws and commands and his good way of ruling a kingdom I shall receive and use in everything. I pray that the messengers of the two kingdoms go back and forth without ceasing, and that when this envoy returns you grant me one envoy of yours, to set out the sage command in full and to give in full the orders that are fitting. My loyal sincerity is utmost, and I hope he will not return empty. What I report is as above, and I pray you take pity on me."

5The treasures offered

奉獻金剛指環、摩勒金環諸寶物、赤白鸚鵡各一頭。太宗泰始二年,又遣使貢獻,以其使主竺扶大、竺阿彌並為建威將軍。

He offered a diamond finger ring, gold rings of Mole (摩勒) and other treasures, and one red parrot and one white parrot. In the second year of Taishi under Taizong he again sent an envoy with tribute, and his chief envoys Zhu Fuda and Zhu Ami were both made generals of Establishing Awe.

6Kingdoms that serve the way of the Buddha

元嘉十八年,蘇摩黎國王那隣那羅跋摩遣使獻方物。世祖孝建二年,斤陁利國王釋婆羅那隣陁遣長史竺留陁及多獻金銀寶器。後廢帝元徽元年,婆黎國遣使貢獻。凡此諸國,皆事佛道。

In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia, Nalinnaluobamo, king of the kingdom of Sumoli, sent an envoy with local products. In the second year of Xiaojian under Shizu, Shipoluonalintuo, king of the kingdom of Jintuoli, sent his chief clerk Zhu Liutuojiduo with vessels of gold, silver and jewels. In the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor, the kingdom of Poli sent an envoy with tribute. All these kingdoms serve the way of the Buddha.