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The Five Gaya五伽耶

Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) 三國遺事 · Iryeon · 1281 (Goryeo, 7th year of King Chungnyeol) · 2 passages · 166 Chinese characters · reading time 0.7 min

Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) Marvels, Part One A collection of tales of the Three Kingdoms period, compiled by Iryeon, a monk of Goryeo. He gathered the stories the official histories had cast aside. It is the oldest book that carries the myth of Dangun.

1One of six eggs becomes King Suro

五伽耶〔按駕洛記賛云,“垂一紫纓下六圎卵五歸各邑一在兹城.”則一爲首露王餘五各爲五伽耶之主,金官不入五數當矣.而本朝史畧並數金官而濫記昌寕誤.〕

The Five Gaya.

〔Looking at the eulogy in the Record of Garak, it says: 'A single purple cord hung down and six round eggs came down. Five went back to their several towns, and one stayed in this fortress.'

So one became King Suro and the other five each became lord of one of the Five Gaya. It is right that Geumgwan is not counted among the five.

Yet the Saryak of the present dynasty counts Geumgwan among them and wrongly writes in Changnyeong. This is a mistake.〕

Interlinear notes 1

按駕洛記賛云, “垂一紫纓下六圎卵五歸各邑一在兹城.” 則一爲首露王餘五各爲五伽耶之主, 金官不入五數當矣. 而本朝史畧並數金官而濫記昌寕誤.

Looking at the eulogy in the Record of Garak, it says: 'A single purple cord hung down and six round eggs came down. Five went back to their several towns, and one stayed in this fortress.' So one became King Suro and the other five each became lord of one of the Five Gaya. It is right that Geumgwan is not counted among the five. Yet the Saryak of the present dynasty counts Geumgwan among them and wrongly writes in Changnyeong. This is a mistake.

2The names of the Five Gaya

阿羅〔一作耶〕伽耶〔今咸安〕·古寧伽耶〔今咸寕〕·大伽耶〔今髙霊〕·星山伽耶〔今亰山,一云碧珎.〕·小伽耶〔今固城〕.又本朝史畧云,“太祖天福五年庚子改五伽耶名,一金官〔為金海府.〕·二古寧〔爲加利縣〕·三非火,〔今昌寕恐髙霊之訛.〕餘二阿羅·星山〔同前星山或作碧珍伽耶.〕.”

Ara〔Also called Aya.〕 Gaya〔The present Haman.〕 Goryeong Gaya〔The present Hamnyeong.〕 Dae Gaya〔The present Goryeong.〕 Seongsan Gaya〔The present Gyeongsan, also called Byeokjin.〕 So Gaya〔The present Goseong.〕

Also, the Saryak of the present dynasty says: "In the fifth year of Tianfu under Taejo, a gyeongja year, the names of the Five Gaya were changed. First, Geumgwan〔It became Gimhae Prefecture.〕; second, Goryeong〔It became Gari County.〕; third, Bihwa〔The present Changnyeong. This is probably an error for Goryeong.〕; and the other two, Ara and Seongsan〔Same as before. Seongsan is also written Byeokjin Gaya.〕."

Interlinear notes 7

一作耶

Also called Aya (阿耶).

今咸安

The present Haman.

今咸寕

The present Hamnyeong.

今髙霊

The present Goryeong.

今亰山, 一云碧珎.

The present Gyeongsan, also called Byeokjin.

今固城

The present Goseong.

今昌寕恐髙霊之訛.

The present Changnyeong. This is probably an error for Goryeong.

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