Kebineng軻比能
1Kebineng takes China for his model
軻比能本小種鮮卑，以勇健，斷法平端，不貪財物，衆推以爲大人。部落近塞，自袁紹據河北，中國人多亡叛歸之，教作兵器鎧楯，頗學文字。故其勒御部衆，擬則中國，出入弋獵，建立旌麾，以鼓節爲進退。建安中，因閻柔上貢獻。太祖西征關中，田銀反河間，比能將三千餘騎隨柔擊破銀。後代郡烏丸反，比能復助爲寇害，太祖以鄢陵侯彰爲驍騎將軍，北征，大破之。比能走出塞，後復通貢獻。延康初，比能遣使獻馬，文帝亦立比能爲附義王。黃初二年，比能出諸魏人在鮮卑者五百餘家，還居代郡。明年，比能帥部落大人小子代郡烏丸脩武盧等三千餘騎，驅牛馬七萬餘口交市，遣魏人千餘家居上谷。後與東部鮮卑大人素利及步度根三部爭鬪，更相攻擊。田豫和合，使不得相侵。五年，比能復擊素利，豫帥輕騎徑進掎其後。比能使別小帥瑣奴拒豫，豫進討，破走之，由是懷貳。乃與輔國將軍鮮于輔書曰：「夷狄不識文字，故校尉閻柔保我於天子。
Kebineng was by origin a Xianbei of a minor tribe. He was brave and strong, his judgments of the law were even and upright, and he was not greedy for goods, so his people raised him up as great man.
His settlement lay near the border passes, and after Yuan Shao took Hebei many Chinese fled and went over to him. They taught his people to make weapons and armor and shields, and he learned a good deal of writing as well. So in leading and ordering the people of his division he took China for his model, and when they went out and came back from the hunt he raised standards and moved forward and back to the beat of a drum.
In the Jian'an years he sent up tribute through Yan Rou. When Taizu went west to strike Guanzhong and Tian Yin rebelled at Hejian, Kebineng led more than three thousand horsemen and followed Yan Rou in striking Tian Yin and breaking him. Afterward, when the Wuhuan of Dai commandery rebelled, Kebineng helped them again in their raiding and harm, and Taizu made Cao Zhang, Marquis of Yanling, General of Valiant Cavalry and sent him north to strike them, and he broke them greatly. Kebineng fled out beyond the border passes, and afterward sent tribute again.
At the beginning of Yankang, Kebineng sent an envoy to offer horses, and Emperor Wen too made Kebineng King Who Cleaves to Right (附義王). In the second year of Huangchu, Kebineng sent out more than five hundred households of the people of Wei who were among the Xianbei, and they came back to dwell in Dai commandery. The next year he led the younger son of a great man of his settlement, and Xiuwulu and others of the Wuhuan of Dai commandery, with more than three thousand horsemen, driving more than seventy thousand head of oxen and horses, to open a market and trade, and he sent more than a thousand households of the people of Wei to dwell in Shanggu.
Afterward he fell to quarreling with Suli, a great man of the eastern Xianbei, and with Budugen, the three divisions striking at one another. Tian Yu made peace between them and kept them from raiding one another. In the fifth year Kebineng struck Suli again, and Tian Yu led light horse straight forward to pull at his rear. Kebineng set Suonu, a lesser chief of a separate division, to hold Tian Yu off, but Tian Yu advanced and struck him and broke him and drove him away, and from this Kebineng was of two minds.
He then sent a letter to Xianyu Fu, the General Who Upholds the State, and said, "The Yi and the Di (夷狄) do not know letters, and so in the past the colonel Yan Rou stood surety for me before the Son of Heaven.
2"Even oxen and horses know good water and grass"
我與素利爲讎，往年攻擊之，而田校尉助素利。我臨陣使瑣奴往，聞使君來，即便引軍退。步度根數數鈔盜，又殺我弟，而誣我以鈔盜。我夷狄雖不知禮義，兄弟子孫受天子印綬，牛馬尚知美水草，況我有人心邪！將軍當保明我於天子。」輔得書以聞帝，帝復使豫招納安慰。比能衆遂彊盛，控弦十餘萬騎。每鈔畧得財物，均平分付，一決目前，終無所私，故得衆死力，餘部大人皆敬憚之，然猶未能及檀石槐也。
Suli and I are enemies, and last year I struck him, and Colonel Tian helped Suli. I was facing him in the field and sent Suonu forward, but when I heard that the Lord Envoy (使君) was coming I drew off my troops at once and withdrew. Budugen plunders again and again, and he killed my younger brother, and then charges me falsely with the plundering.
We of the Yi and the Di do not know rites and right, yet our brothers and our sons and grandsons have received the seal and ribbon of the Son of Heaven. Even oxen and horses know good water and grass — how much more a man, who has a man's heart! The general should stand surety for me before the Son of Heaven and make it plain."
Xianyu Fu got the letter and reported it to the emperor, and the emperor again had Tian Yu call him in and comfort him.
The people of Kebineng at last grew strong, with more than a hundred thousand bow-drawing horsemen. Whenever he took goods by plunder he shared them out evenly and settled it all at once before their eyes, and in the end he kept nothing for himself, so he won from his people the strength to die for him, and the great men of the other divisions all respected him and were wary of him. Yet he could not match Tanshihuai.
3Killed by an assassin
太和二年，豫遣譯夏舍詣比能女壻鬱築鞬部，舍爲鞬所殺。其秋，豫將西部鮮卑蒲頭、泄歸泥出塞討鬱築鞬，大破之。還至馬城，比能自將三萬騎圍豫七日。上谷太守閻志，柔之弟也，素爲鮮卑所信。志往解喻，即解圍去。後幽州刺史王雄并領校尉，撫以恩信。比能數款塞，詣州奉貢獻。至青龍元年，比能誘納步度根，使叛并州，與結和親，自勒萬騎迎其累重於陘北。并州刺史畢軌遣將軍蘇尚、董弼等擊之，比能遣子將騎與尚等會戰於樓煩，臨陣害尚、弼。至三年中，雄遣勇士韓龍刺殺比能，更立其弟。
In the second year of Taihe, Tian Yu sent the interpreter Xia She to the division of Yuzhujian, the son-in-law of Kebineng, and Xia She was killed by Yuzhujian. In the autumn of that year Tian Yu led Putou and Xieguini of the western Xianbei out beyond the border passes to strike Yuzhujian, and broke him greatly.
On the way back he reached Macheng, and Kebineng himself led thirty thousand horsemen and surrounded Tian Yu for seven days. Yan Zhi, the Grand Administrator of Shanggu, was the younger brother of Yan Rou, and the Xianbei had always trusted him. Yan Zhi went and reasoned with them, and they broke the siege at once and left.
Afterward Wang Xiong, the Inspector of You province, held the office of colonel as well, and soothed them with kindness and good faith, and Kebineng knocked at the border passes again and again and came to the province to offer tribute.
By the first year of Qinglong, Kebineng had drawn Budugen over and taken him in, and made him rebel against Bing province and join with him in friendship, and he himself led ten thousand horsemen to meet his households and baggage at Xingbei. Bi Gui, the Inspector of Bing province, sent the generals Su Shang and Dong Bi and others to strike him, and Kebineng sent his son with horsemen, who met Su Shang and the others in battle at Loufan and killed Su Shang and Dong Bi before the ranks.
In the course of the third year Wang Xiong sent the brave man Han Long to stab Kebineng to death, and his younger brother was set up in his place.
4Suli, Mijia and Queji
素利、彌加、厥機皆爲大人，在遼西、右北平、漁陽塞外，道遠初不爲邊患，然其種衆多於比能。建安中，因閻柔上貢獻，通市，太祖皆表寵以爲王。厥機死，又立其子沙末汗爲親漢王。延康初，又各遣使獻馬。文帝立素利、彌加爲歸義王。素利與比能更相攻擊。太和二年，素利死。子小，以弟成律歸爲王，代攝其衆。
Suli, Mijia and Queji (厥機) were all great men, and they were beyond the border passes of Liaoxi, Youbeiping and Yuyang. The road was far, and at first they were no trouble to the frontier, but the people of their tribes were more numerous than Kebineng's.
In the Jian'an years they sent up tribute through Yan Rou and opened trade, and Taizu sent up a memorial and favored them and made them all kings. When Queji died, his son Shamohan was set up as King Friendly to the Han (親漢王). At the beginning of Yankang they each sent an envoy again to offer horses. Emperor Wen set up Suli and Mijia as Kings Who Return to Right.
Suli and Kebineng struck at each other. In the second year of Taihe Suli died, and as his son was young, his younger brother Chenglugui was made king and led his people in his stead.