Yutian于闐
1How Yutian came to be
于闐國，西域之屬也。後漢建武末，王俞爲莎車王賢所破，徙爲驪歸王，以其弟君得爲于闐王，暴虐，百姓患之。永平中，其種人都末殺君得，大人休莫霸又殺都末，自立爲王。霸死，兄子廣得立，後擊虜莎車王賢以歸，殺之，遂爲強國，西北諸小國皆服從。
The kingdom of Yutian (于闐) is one of the kingdoms of the Western Regions. At the end of Jianwu under the Later Han its king Yu (俞) was broken by Xian, king of Suoche, and was moved and made king of Ligui, and Xian made Yu's younger brother Junde king of Yutian. Junde was cruel and violent, and the people suffered under him. In the Yongping years Dumo, a man of Junde's own people, killed Junde, and then a chief named Xiumoba killed Dumo and set himself up as king. Ba died and Guangde, the son of his elder brother, ascended the throne. Afterward he struck Xian, king of Suoche, took him captive, came back and killed him, and so Yutian became a strong kingdom, and all the small kingdoms of the northwest submitted to it.
2The customs of Yutian
其地多水潦沙石，氣溫，宜稻、麥、蒲桃。有水出玉，名曰玉河。國人善鑄銅器。其治曰西山城，有屋室市井。果蓏菜蔬與中國等。尤敬佛法。王所居室，加以朱畫。王冠金幘，如今胡公帽；與妻並坐接客。國中婦人皆辮髮，衣裘袴。其人恭，相見則跪，其跪則一膝至地。書則以木爲筆劄，以玉爲印。國人得書，戴於首而後開劄。魏文帝時，王山習獻名馬。天監九年，遣使獻方物。十三年，又獻波羅婆步鄣。十八年，又獻琉璃罌。大同七年，又獻外國刻玉佛。
That land has much standing water and much sand and stone. The air is warm, and the land suits rice, wheat and grapes. There is a river that yields jade, and its name is Yuhe (玉河). The people of the kingdom are good at casting vessels of bronze. The place they govern from is called the city of Xishan, and it has houses and markets. Their fruits and their vegetables are the same as those of China. They honor the law of the Buddha above all. The rooms the king lives in have red paintings added to them. The king wears a headcloth of gold, like the hugong hat of today, and he sits beside his wife to receive guests. All the women of the kingdom braid their hair and wear fur robes and trousers. Those people are respectful. When they meet they kneel, and when they kneel they put one knee to the ground. For writing they cut wood for their brushes and tablets, and they use jade for their seals. When a man of the kingdom receives a letter, he sets it on his head and only then opens the tablet. In the time of Emperor Wen of Wei its king Shanxi offered a famous horse. In the ninth year of Tianjian it sent an envoy to offer the products of its country. In the thirteenth year it offered a Poluopo screen as well, in the eighteenth year a flask of glass, and in the seventh year of Datong a jade buddha carved in a foreign land.