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Huainanzi (The Writings of the Masters of Huainan)淮南子

Liu An and his retainers · About 139 BC · China · 22 pieces · 139,563 Chinese characters

A book compiled by Liu An, king of Huainan under the Han, together with the retainers at his court. It is set in the fourth Daoist place after the Daodejing, the Zhuangzi and the Liezi, but it is not one man's voice: it is closer to an encyclopedia written by many hands in turn. The frame of Heaven and earth, the spirit of man and the ordering of the state, the art of war and the proverbs of the wise are all brought under one roof. "Peering into the Obscure" is where the tale is first set down that Heng'e stole the medicine of no death from the Queen Mother of the West and fled to the moon. The root of the moon myth as we have it is this one line. "A Mountain of Persuasions" and "A Forest of Persuasions" string short sayings one after another, and "Responses of the Way" ends each of its fifty-five stories with "therefore Laozi said" — old tales matched one by one against a line of the Daodejing. "The Seasonal Rules" sets the far bound of the east as running "from Mount Jieshi past Joseon," and "In the World of Man" writes that the First Emperor of Qin built the long wall and "bound it in the east to Joseon." The two passages show about where Joseon was reckoned to lie in the early Han.

Twenty-two chapters fully translated. The graph counts were matched against the source text chapter by chapter, and all twenty-two chapters were confirmed to differ by not a single graph. ★There were twenty-one chapters in all, but the 「淮南鴻烈解敘」 (敘目), which Gao You (高誘) of the Later Han put at the front when he added his commentary, was attached at the back as the twenty-second. It is not the writing of the Huainanzi but a commentator's foreword; still, Liu An's life and the course of this book are all there in it, so there was no reason to leave it out. ★At eleven places the source text sets down two readings side by side as 「another edition has this」 (ten in Tianwen, one in Taizu). The first was taken as the text and the second let go. One note is carried with it — 「影」 written beside 「景」 in Yuandao, the place where it is made clear that 景 is the old graph for the shadow, 影. There are ten places worn past reading, marked □, and they were not filled in. Even a place that could be filled from the current edition, such as 「獸窮則□」, was left as it stands — if filled places and unfilled places are mixed, it becomes impossible to know how far the source text goes. At two places, though, it was not a missing graph but a broken mark, so these were set right by the current edition — the よ in 「恩接而よ怛生」 of Miucheng is 憯, and the 怴A in 「而國不亡怴A未必無禮也」 of Qisu is 者,. The 「〈月曷〉下迫頤」 of Jingshen is the source text piecing a graph together, so it is left as it is. The quotation marks are mixed between 「」 and “” (in Binglüe, Zhushu and elsewhere), so they were settled on 「」. At the head of Fanlun, Shuoshan and Shuolin a volume-title line such as 「卷十三氾論訓」 is mixed into the text, and these were cleared away. ★On the division into paragraphs — the chapters that the source text divides by blank lines were followed as they are. Ten chapters, among them Qisu, Fanlun, Shuoshan and Shuolin, have no divisions in the source text, and five to ten thousand graphs stood as one block. They were divided at around four hundred graphs, after a 「。」 and before 故, 夫, 是故, 今, 昔, 由此 or 凡. This division is not the source text's but was made here.

Table of Contents
A Summary of the Essentials
The Exalted Lineage
Cultivating Effort
The Human World
Forest of Persuasions
Mountain of Persuasions
An Overview of the Military
Explaining Words
Boundless Discourses
Responses of the Way
Equalising Customs
Profound Precepts
The Ruler’s Techniques
The Basic Warp
Quintessential Spirit
Surveying Obscurities
Seasonal Rules
The Forms of Earth
The Patterns of Heaven
Beginning the Genuine
Tracing the Way