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Emperor Ingyō允恭天皇

Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) 古事記 · Ō no Yasumaro · 712 (Japan, 5th year of Wadō) · 26 passages · 1,447 Chinese characters · reading time 5.8 min

Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) Middle and Lower Books The oldest surviving book in Japan. Three volumes, beginning with the opening of heaven and earth, passing through the age of the gods, and closing with Empress Suiko. One hundred and five songs are written in man'yōgana, so a whole text survives in which the Chinese characters carry sound alone and not meaning. It sets down the same events differently from the Nihon Shoki at many points, and is well worth reading beside it.

1An envoy from Silla cures the Emperor's illness

男淺津間若子宿禰命。坐遠飛鳥宮。治天下也。此天皇。娶意富本杼王之妹。忍坂之大中津比賣命。生御子。木梨之輕王。次長田大郎女。次境之黑日子王。次穴穂命。次輕大郎女。亦名衣通郎女。次八瓜之白日子王。次大長谷命。次橘大郎女。次酒見郎女。凡天皇之御子等。九柱。此九王之中。穴穂命者。治天下也。次大長谷命。治天下也。天皇。初爲將所知天津日繼之時。天皇辭而。詔之。我者。有一長病。不得所知日繼。然大后始而。諸卿等。因堅奏而乃。治天下。此時。新良國主。貢進。御調八十一艘。爾御調之大使。名云金波鎭漢紀武。此人深知藥方。故治差。帝皇之御病。於是天皇。愁天下。氏氏名名人等之。氏姓忤過而。於味白檮之。言八十禍津日前。居玖訶瓮而。定賜天下之。八十友緒氏姓也。又爲木梨之輕太子御名代。定輕部。爲大后御名代。定刑部。爲大后之弟。田井中比賣御名代。定河部也。天皇。御年。漆拾捌歲。御陵在河内之惠賀長枝也。

Oasazumawakugo no Sukune no Mikoto dwelt in the palace of Tohotsu Asuka (遠飛鳥宮), and ruled all under heaven.

This Emperor took to wife Osaka no Ohonakatsuhime no Mikoto (忍坂之大中津比賣命), the sister of Ohohodo no Miko (意富本杼王), and the children born were Kinashi no Karu no Miko (木梨之輕王), and next Nagata no Ohoiratsume (長田大郎女), and next Sakai no Kurohiko no Miko (境之黑日子王), and next Anaho no Mikoto (穴穂命), and next Karu no Ohoiratsume (輕大郎女), whose other name was Sotohori no Iratsume (衣通郎女), and next Yatsuri no Shirohiko no Miko (八瓜之白日子王), and next Ohohatsuse no Mikoto (大長谷命), and next Tachibana no Ohoiratsume (橘大郎女), and next Sakami no Iratsume (酒見郎女).

In all, the children of the Emperor were nine. Among these nine, Anaho no Mikoto ruled all under heaven, and next Ohohatsuse no Mikoto ruled all under heaven.

When the Emperor was first to take up the succession of the heavenly sun (天津日繼), he declined, saying, "I have one long illness, and I cannot take up the succession of the sun." But the great queen first, and then all the ministers, pressed him hard, and so he ruled all under heaven.

At this time the king of Silla (新良) sent eighty-one ships of tribute. The name of the great envoy who came with the tribute was Gim Pajin Hangimu (金波鎭漢紀武). This man knew medicine deeply, and he cured the Emperor's illness.

Then the Emperor was troubled that the clan names and surnames of the families of all under heaven had become confused and mistaken. So before Kotoyasomagatsuhi (言八十禍津日) at Amakashi (味白檮) he set out the kukabe (玖訶瓮), the jar of boiling water, and sorted out and fixed the clan names and surnames of the many companies of all under heaven (八十友緒).

Also, to keep the name of the crown prince Kinashi no Karu, the Karube (輕部) was established; to keep the name of the great queen, the Osakabe (刑部) was established; and to keep the name of the great queen's younger sister Tainonakatsuhime (田井中比賣), the Kawabe (河部) was established.

This Emperor was seventy-eight years old. His tomb is at Ega no Nagae (惠賀長枝) in Kawachi.

Interlinear notes 4

御名所。以負衣通王者。其身之光。自衣通出也。

The reason she was given the name Sotohori no Miko (衣通王) is that the light of her body shone out through her clothes.

九柱。

Nine children.

男王五。女王四。

Five sons and four daughters.

玖訶二字以音。

The two graphs 玖訶 are read for their sound.

2Prince Karu and his own sister

天皇崩之後。定木梨之輕太子。所知日繼。未即位之間。奸其伊呂妹輕大郎女而。歌曰。

After the Emperor died, Kinashi no Karu, the crown prince, was set to take up the succession of the sun. But before he came to the throne he lay with his own younger sister Karu no Ohoiratsume, and sang:

3Tonight at last I shall touch her skin

阿志比紀能。夜麻陀袁豆久理。夜麻陀加美。斯多備袁和志勢。志多杼比爾。和賀登布伊毛袁。斯多那岐爾。和賀那久都麻袁。許存許曾婆。夜須久波陀布禮。

Ashihikino yamadaotsukuri Yamatakami shitabiowashise Shitadohini wagatofuimoo Shitanakini waganakutsumao Kozokosoba yasukuhadafure

— Making a mountain field in the foot-dragging hills, the mountain being high, I ran a pipe below to bring the water. So, coming in secret, the sister I visit, weeping in secret, the wife for whom I weep — tonight at last I shall touch her skin at ease.

4This is a shirageuta

此者。志良宜歌也。又歌曰。

This is a shirageuta (志良宜歌). He sang again:

5If only we have slept together

佐佐波爾。宇都夜阿良禮能。多志陀志爾。韋泥弖牟能知波。比登波加由登母。宇流波斯登。佐泥斯佐泥弖婆。加理許母能。美陀禮婆美陀禮。佐泥斯佐泥弖婆。

Sasabani utsuyaarareno Tashidashini inetemunochiwa Hitowakayutomo Uruhashito saneshisaneteba Karikomono midarebamidare Saneshisaneteba

— Like hail rattling down on the leaves of the bamboo grass, once we have slept together plainly, let others turn from me if they will. If I have slept and slept with the one I love, then like cut reeds in a bundle, let it be tangled if it must be tangled. If only we have slept and slept together.

6The brothers each make their arrows

此者。夷振之上歌也。是以百官及。天下人等。背輕太子而。歸穴穂御子。爾輕太子畏而。逃入大前小前宿禰大臣之家而。備作兵器。穴穂御子亦。作兵器。於是穴穂御子。興軍圍大前小前宿禰之家。爾到其門時。零大氷雨。故歌曰。

This is the ageuta (上歌) of the hinaburi (夷振).

And so all the officials and the people of all under heaven turned their backs on Prince Karu and went over to Prince Anaho. Prince Karu was afraid and fled into the house of Ohomahe Womahe no Sukune (大前小前宿禰), the great minister, and made ready his weapons. Prince Anaho made weapons as well.

Then Prince Anaho raised troops and surrounded the house of Ohomahe Womahe no Sukune. When they came to its gate, a great cold rain fell. Then he sang:

Interlinear notes 2

爾時所作矢者。銅其箭之内。故号其矢謂輕箭也。

The arrows made at this time had copper inside their shafts. Therefore those arrows are called karuya (輕箭).

此王子所作之矢者。即今時之矢者也。是謂穴穂箭也。

The arrows this prince made are the arrows of the present time. They are called anahoya (穴穂箭).

7Come stand in the shadow of the iron gate

意富麻幣。袁麻幣須久泥賀。加那斗加宜。加久余理許泥。阿米多知夜米牟。

Ohomahe womahesukunega Kanatokage kakuyorikone Ametachiyamemu

— Of Ohomahe, of Womahe no Sukune, come close and stand here in the shadow of the iron gate. Let us go when the rain has stopped.

8The minister comes out dancing

爾其大前小前宿禰。擧手打膝。儛訶那傳歌參來。其歌曰。

Then that Ohomahe Womahe no Sukune raised his hands, struck his knees, danced and made a tune, kanade, and came singing. His song said:

Interlinear notes 1

自訶下三字以音。

The three graphs from 訶 on are read for their sound.

9They say a little bell has fallen

美夜比登能。阿由比能古須受。淤知爾岐登。美夜比登登余牟。佐斗毘登母由米。

Miyahitono ayuhinokosuzu Ochinikito miyahitotoyomu Satobitomoyume

— The little bell on a palace servant's ankle cord has fallen, they say, and the palace people are in an uproar. People of the village, take care as well.

10The crown prince is taken

此歌者。宮人振也。如此歌參歸。白之。我天皇之御子。於伊呂兄王無及兵。若及兵者。必人咲。僕捕以貢進。爾解兵退坐。故大前小前宿禰。捕其輕太子。率參出以貢進。其太子。被捕歌曰。

This song is the miyabitoburi (宮人振).

Singing thus he came forward and said, "O son of our Emperor, do not turn your weapons against your own elder brother. If you turn weapons against him, men will surely laugh. I will take him and deliver him to you."

Then he let his troops go and withdrew. So Ohomahe Womahe no Sukune took that crown prince Karu, brought him out, and delivered him up. That crown prince, being taken, sang:

11Like the dove of Mount Hasa

阿麻陀牟。加流乃袁登賣。伊多那加婆。比登斯理奴倍志。波佐能夜麻能。波斗能。斯多那岐爾那久

Amadamu karunootome Itanakaba hitoshirinubeshi Hasanoyamano hatono Shitanakininaku

— Maiden of Karu that flies in the sky, if you weep too much, people will come to know. Like the dove of Mount Hasa I weep with a hidden weeping.

12He sang again

又歌曰。

He sang again:

13Lean close and sleep before you go

阿麻陀牟。加流袁登賣。志多多爾母。余理泥弖登富禮。加流袁登賣杼母。

Amadamu karuotome Shitatanimo yorinetetohore Karuotomedomo

— Maiden of Karu that flies in the sky, in secret, and firmly, lean close and sleep before you go. Maiden of Karu.

14He is banished to the hot spring of Iyo

故其輕太子者。流於伊余湯也。亦將流之時。歌曰。

So that crown prince Karu was banished to the hot spring of Iyo (伊余湯). When he was about to be sent away, he sang again:

15When you hear the crane's cry

阿麻登夫。登理母都加比曾。多豆賀泥能。岐許延牟登岐波。和賀那斗波佐泥。

Amatobu torimotsukahizo Tazuganeno kikoemutokiwa Waganatohasane

— Even the birds that fly in the sky are messengers. When you hear the cry of the crane, ask after my name.

16These three songs are the amadaburi

此三歌者。天田振也。又歌曰。

These three songs are the amadaburi (天田振). He sang again:

17Keep my mat well

意富岐美袁。斯麻爾波夫良婆。布那阿麻理。伊賀幣理許牟叙。和賀多多彌由米。許登袁許曾。多多美登伊波米。和賀都麻波由米。

Ohokimio shimanihaburaba Funaamari igaherikomuzo Wagatatamiyume Kotookoso tatamitoiwame Wagatsumawayume

— Though they cast me, a great lord, out to an island, I shall come back with the ships that are left, so keep my mat well. In words we call it a mat, but my wife, take care of yourself.

18Sotohori no Miko offers a song

此歌者。夷振之片下也。其衣通王。獻歌。其歌曰。

This song is the kataoroshi (片下) of the hinaburi.

That Sotohori no Miko offered a song. Her song said:

19Do not hurt your feet on the oyster shells

那都久佐能。阿比泥能波麻能。加岐加比爾。阿斯布麻須那。阿加斯弖杼富禮。

Natsukusano ahinenohamano Kakikahini ashifumasuna Akashitedohore

— Where the summer grass grows thick, do not set your feet on the oyster shells of the shore of Ahine. Wait for the day to break, and then go.

20Unable to bear her longing

故後亦不堪戀慕而。追往時。歌曰。

Afterward she could not bear her longing, and as she went after him she sang:

21I will not only wait

岐美賀由岐。氣那賀久那理奴。夜麻多豆能。牟加閇袁由加牟。麻都爾波麻多士。

Kimigayuki kenagakunarinu Yamatazuno mukaheoyukamu Matsuniwamataji

— The days since you went have grown long. Like the yamatazu I will go out to meet you. I will not wait and only wait.

Interlinear notes 1

此云山多豆者。是今造木者也。

What is here called yamatazu (山多豆) is what is now the elder tree (造木).

22They meet on Mount Hatsuse

故追到之時。待懷而歌曰。

So when she came up with him, the crown prince waited for her, took her in his arms, and sang:

23My beloved wife, ah

許母理久能。波都世能夜麻能。意富袁爾波。波多波理陀弖。佐袁袁爾波。波多波理陀弖。意富袁爾斯。那加佐陀賣流。淤母比豆麻阿波禮。都久由美能。許夜流許夜理母。阿豆佐由美。多弖理多弖理母。能知母登理美流。意母比豆麻阿波禮。

Komorikuno hatsusenoyamano Ohooniwa hataharidate Saooniwa hataharidate Ohoonishi nakasadameru Omohizumaahare Tsukuyumino koyarukoyarimo Azusayumi tateritaterimo Nochimotorimiru Omohizumaahare

— Of Mount Hatsuse, hidden among the hills, on the great peak they set up banners, and on the small peak too they set up banners. Firm as that great peak was the promise we made, my beloved wife, ah. Lying down as the zelkova bow lies, standing as the catalpa bow stands, the wife I will keep and care for to the end, my beloved wife, ah.

24He sang again

又歌曰。

He sang again:

25My beloved wife, like a mirror

許母理久能。波都勢能賀波能。加美都勢爾。伊久比袁宇知。斯毛都勢爾。麻久比袁宇知。伊久比爾波。加賀美袁加氣。麻久比爾波。麻多麻袁加氣。麻多麻那須。阿賀母布伊毛。加賀美那須。阿賀母布都麻。阿理登伊波婆許曾爾。伊幣爾母由加米。久爾袁母斯怒波米。

Komorikuno hatsusenogawano Kamitsuseni ikuhiouchi Shimotsuseni makuhiouchi Ikuhiniwa kagamiokake Makuhiniwa matamaokake Matamanasu agamofuimo Kagaminasu agamofutsuma Aritoiwabakosoni Ihenimoyukame Kuniomoshinohame

— Of the river of Hatsuse, hidden among the hills, in the upper shallows I drove a sacred stake, in the lower shallows I drove a true stake, and on the sacred stake I hung a mirror, and on the true stake I hung a true jewel — my beloved sister, like that true jewel, my beloved wife, like that mirror, if only it could be said that she is here, then I would go home, then I would long for my own land.

26They take their own lives together

如此歌。即共自死。故此二歌者。讀歌也。

When they had sung thus, they took their own lives together. Therefore these two songs are yomiuta (讀歌).