Paegangjinjeon浿江鎭典

There was one dusangdaegam. In the third year of King Seondeok the post of dusang of Daegokseong was first placed, and it ran from geupchan to sajungachan in rank. There were seven daegam, equal in rank to the taesu. There was one dusangjegam, running from saji to daenama. There was one jegam, running from dang to nama. There was one bogam, equal in rank to the hyeollyeong. There were six sogam, running from seonjeoji to daesa.

The provincial ranks. In the fourteenth year of King Munmu, separate office names were given to the jingol of the six do who had gone out to live in the five capitals and the nine ju, and those ranks were matched against the ranks of the capital. Akgan was matched with ilgilchan, sulgan with sachan, gogan with geupchan, gwigan with daenama, seon-gan (also written chan-gan) with nama, sanggan with daesa, gan with saji, ilbeol with gilcha, pi-il with so-o, and acheok with seonjeoji.

The ranks of men of Goguryeo. In the first year of King Sinmun, offices of the capital were given to men of Goguryeo, weighed against the office grades of their own country. Ilgilchan was once jubu. Sachan was once daesang. Geupchan was once widudaehyeong and jongdaesang. Nama was once sosang and jeoksang. Daesa was once sohyeong. Saji was once jehyeong. Gilcha was once seonin. Oji was once jowi.

The ranks of men of Baekje. In the thirteenth year of King Munmu, offices within and without the capital were given to the men who came from Baekje, and the order of their ranks was matched against the office titles of their own country.

Among the offices of the capital, daenama was once dalsol, nama was once eunsol, daesa was once deoksol, saji was once hansol, dang was once nasol, and daeo was once jangdeok. Among the offices outside, gwigan was once dalsol, seon-gan was once eunsol, sanggan was once deoksol, gan was once hansol, ilbeol was once nasol, and ilcheok was once jangdeok.

Those office titles that are seen in the various records, but whose first placing and whose high or low standing cannot be known in detail, are written below.

Galmunwang, geomgyosangseojwabogya, sangjuguk, jiwonbongseongsa, heungmungamgyeong, taejasiseohaksa, wonbongseongdaejo, gisillang, seoseorang, gongjamyodangdaesa, noksachamgun, uwidaejanggun, gongdeoksa, jeoldosa, anmujegunsa, judoryeong, jwaseung, sangsain, hasain, jungsaseong, and nambyeonjeil.

As for the offices of Goguryeo and Baekje, the years are long and far off and the writings are dark and dim, so they cannot be known in full. Now only what stands out in the Gogi and in the histories of China is made into this treatise.

The Sui shu says that among the offices of Goguryeo there is taedaehyeong, and next daehyeong, next sohyeong, next daero, next uihusa, next ojol, next taedaesaja, next daesaja, next sosaja, next yoksa, next yesok, next seonin, twelve grades in all. There are also naepyeong and oepyeong, and the yoksal of the five bu.

The Xin Tang shu says that the offices of Goguryeo are twelve grades in all. One is daedaero, which some call tojol. One is uljeol, who is in charge of the maps and the registers. One is taedaesaja. One is jouidudaehyeong; the so-called joui are the seonin. He holds the government of the state and is changed once in three years, but if he does his duty well he is not changed. On the day of the change, if there are any who will not submit, they attack one another, and the king shuts the palace and guards it and lets the winner take the post. One is daesaja, one daehyeong, one sangwisaja, one jehyeong, one sosaja, one gwajeol, one seonin, one gochudaega. It says further that there are mangniji, daemangniji, jungnisohyeong, and jungnidaehyeong.

The Cefu yuangui says that Goguryeo, in the time of the Later Han, placed offices in that country, and there were sanga, daero, paeja, gochudaega (gochudaega is the office in Goguryeo that is in charge of receiving guests, like the daehongnyeo), jubu, uta (also written tae-u), saja, joui, and seonin. By another account, among the great offices there is daedaero, and next taedaehyeong, daehyeong, sohyeong, uisasa, ojol, taedaesaja, sosaja, yoksa, yesok, and seonin. With the yoksal these are thirteen grades in all, and there are also naepyeong and oepyeong, which divide between them the charge of matters within and without.

The above is seen in the successive histories of China.

Jwabo, ubo, daejubu, guksang, yeoksaja, and jungoedaebu.

The above is seen in the Gogi of this country.

Gwangpyeongseong, gwangchina (the sijung of today), seosa (the sirang of today), oeseo (the wonoerang of today), byeongbu, daeryongbu (this means changbu), suchunbu (the yebu of today), bongbinbu (the yebinseong of today), uihyeongdae (the hyeongbu of today), naphwabu (the daebusi of today), jowibu (the samsa of today), naebongseong (the doseong of today), geumseoseong (the biseoseong of today), namsangdan (the jangjakgam of today), sudan (the subu of today), wonbongseong (the hallimwon of today), biryongseong (the daeboksi of today), muljangseong (the sobugam of today), sadae (it is in charge of learning the tongues of many lands), sikhwabu (it is in charge of planting and tending fruit trees), jangseonbu (it is in charge of mending walls and moats), judoseong (it is in charge of making vessels), jeonggwang, wonbo, daesang, wonyun, jwayun, jeongjo, boyun, gunyun, and jungyun.

The above are the office names Gungye made.

The Bei shi says that the offices of Baekje have sixteen grades. Five jwapyeong are of the first grade, thirty dalsol are of the second grade, eunsol is the third grade, deoksol the fourth grade, hansol the fifth grade, nasol the sixth grade, jangdeok the seventh grade, sideok the eighth grade, godeok the ninth grade, gyedeok the tenth grade, daedeok the eleventh grade, mundok the twelfth grade, mudok the thirteenth grade, jwagun the fourteenth grade, jinmu the fifteenth grade, and geugu the sixteenth grade. From eunsol downward the offices have no fixed number of men; each has its bu and its office, and they divide the charge of the many tasks.

Among the offices within there are jeonnaebu, gongnaebu, naegyeongbu, oegyeongbu, mabu, dobu, gongdeokbu, yakbu, mokbu, beopbu, and hugungbu. Among the offices without there are sagunbu, sadobu, sagongbu, sagubu, jeomgubu, oesabu, jubu, ilgwanbu, and sibu. The jangni are changed once in three years.

Below the capital there are bang, and each makes five bu, called the upper bu, the front bu, the middle bu, the lower bu, and the rear bu. A bu has five hang, where officials and common folk live. A bu leads five hundred soldiers. Each of the five bang has one bangnyeong, who is made so from among the dalsol, and the bangjwa is second to him. A bang has ten gun, and a gun has three generals, who are made so from among the deoksol, and they lead one thousand one hundred soldiers or fewer, and seven hundred or more.

The Sui shu says that the offices of Baekje have sixteen grades. The head is called jwapyeong, and next daesol, next eunsol, next deoksol, next hansol, next nasol, next jangdeok, next sideok, next godeok, next gyedeok, next daedeok, next mundok, next mudok, next jwagun, next jinmu, next geugu. Each of the five bang has two bangnyeong, and the bangjwa is second to them. A bang has ten gun, and a gun has a general.

The Tang shu says that the offices within that Baekje placed are these. The naesin jwapyeong is in charge of sending out and taking in the king's word. The naedu jwapyeong is in charge of the storehouses. The naebeop jwapyeong is in charge of rites and ceremony. The wisa jwapyeong is in charge of the palace guard and of soldiers. The jojeong jwapyeong is in charge of punishments and prisons. The byeonggwan jwapyeong is in charge of troops and horses outside.

The above is seen in the successive histories of China.

Jwabo, ubo, jwajang, sangjwapyeong, and bungmundu.

The above is seen in the Gogi of this country.