Third Guide to the Western Mountains西次三經
《西次三經》之首，曰崇吾之山，在河之南，北望冢遂，南望䍃之澤，西望帝之搏獸之丘，東望䗡淵。有木焉，員葉而白柎，赤華而黑理，其實如枳，食之宜子孫。有獸焉，其狀如禺而文臂，豹虎而善投，名曰舉父。有鳥焉，其狀如鳧，而一翼一目，相得乃飛，名曰蠻蠻，見則天下大水。
The first of the Third Guide to the Western Mountains is Mount Chongwu. It lies south of the Yellow River. On the north it looks out to Zhongsui, on the south to the Yao Marsh, on the west to the Lord on High's Hill of Boshou, and on the east to the Yan Abyss. There is a tree here with round leaves and a white calyx, red flowers and black grain. Its fruit is like a bitter orange, and one who eats it will have thriving sons and grandsons. There is a beast here shaped like a monkey, with markings on its arms. It is like a leopard and a tiger, and it throws well. It is called jufu. There is a bird here shaped like a duck, with one wing and one eye, so that it must find a mate before it can fly. It is called manman, and when it appears there is a great flood under heaven.
Interlinear notes 7
山名。
It is the name of a mountain.
音遥。
The name is pronounced yao.
搏或作薄。
Some texts write 搏 as 薄.
音於然反。
䗡 is the 於 and 然 spelling.
今江東人呼草木子房為柎，音府，一曰柎花下鄂，音丈夫字，或作柎，音符
In Jiangdong today people call the seed case of plants and trees fu, and it is pronounced fǔ. Some say that fu is the calyx below the flower, and then it is pronounced fū, as in zhangfu. It is also written 柎, and then it is pronounced fú.
或作夸父。
Some texts write it as kuafu.
比翼鳥也，色青赤，不比不能飛，爾雅作鶼鶼鳥也。
It is the biyi bird. Its color is blue and red, and unless the two are side by side they cannot fly. The Erya writes it as the jianjian bird.
西北三百里，曰長沙之山。泚水出焉，北流注于泑水，無草木，多青雄黃。
Three hundred li to the northwest lies Mount Changsha. The Ci River rises here and flows north into the You River. There are no plants or trees, and there is much green realgar.
Interlinear notes 2
音紫。
泚 sounds the same as 紫.
烏交反，又音黝，水色黑也。
It is the 烏 and 交 spelling, and it is also said to be pronounced you. This means that the water is black in color.
又西北三百七十里，曰不周之山。北望諸毗之山，臨彼嶽崇之山，東望泑澤，河水所潛也，其原渾渾泡泡。爰有嘉果，其實如桃，其葉如棗，黃華而赤柎，食之不勞。
Three hundred and seventy li further to the northwest lies Mount Buzhou. On the north it looks out to Mount Zhupi, and it comes up against Mount Yuechong. On the east it looks out to the You Marsh, where the Yellow River runs hidden. Its source gushes and bubbles. There is a fine fruit here. The fruit is like a peach and the leaves are like a jujube's, with yellow flowers and a red calyx. One who eats it does not grow weary.
Interlinear notes 2
此山形有缺不周匝處因名云西北不周風自此山出
This mountain has a broken place in its shape, so that it does not go round whole, and they say it was named for that. The northwest wind, the buzhou wind, comes out of this mountain.
河南出崑崙，潛行地下至葱嶺，出于闐國，復分流歧出，合而東流，注泑澤，已復潛行，南出于積石山，而為中國河也，名泑澤，即蒲澤一名，蒲昌海廣三、四百里，其水停，冬夏不増減，去玉門關三百餘里，即河之重源，所謂潛行也。渾渾泡泡，水濆湧之聲也，袞咆二音。
The Yellow River comes out of Kunlun on the south, runs hidden under the ground as far as the Congling, and rises again in the land of Yutian. There it divides and branches off, then joins again and flows east into the You Marsh. From there it runs hidden once more and comes out on the south at Mount Jishi, and this becomes the Yellow River of China. The name You Marsh is another name for the Pu Marsh. The Puchang Sea is three or four hundred li across, and its water stands still, neither rising nor falling in winter or in summer. It is more than three hundred li from the Yumen Pass, and it is the doubled source of the Yellow River, what is called running hidden. Hunhun paopao is the sound of water gushing up. They are the two sounds 袞 and 咆.
又西北四百二十里，曰峚山，其上多丹木，員葉而赤莖，黃華而赤實，其味如飴，食之不饑。丹水出焉，西流注于稷澤，其中多白玉。是有玉膏，其原沸沸湯湯，黃帝是食是饗。是生玄玉。玉膏所出，以灌丹木，丹木五歲，五色乃清，五味乃馨。黃帝乃取峚山之玉榮，而投之鍾山之陽。瑾瑜之玉為良，堅粟精密，濁澤有而光。五色發作，以和柔剛。天地鬼神，是食是饗；君子服之，以禦不祥。自峚山至于鍾山，四百六十裏，其閒盡澤也。是多奇鳥、怪獸、奇魚，皆異物焉。
Four hundred and twenty li further to the northwest lies Mount Mi. On its heights there are many danmu. Their leaves are round and their stems red, their flowers yellow and their fruit red. The taste is like malt sugar, and one who eats it does not go hungry. The Dan River rises here and flows west into the Ji Marsh. In its waters there is much white jade. There is jade grease here, and its source boils and surges. The Yellow Emperor ate of it and feasted on it. From it comes black jade. The jade grease that flows out is used to water the danmu, and after five years the five colors of the danmu grow clear and its five flavors grow fragrant. Then the Yellow Emperor took the jade flower of Mount Mi and cast it on the sunny side of Mount Zhong. The jinyu jade is the finest of all, hard as grains of millet, fine and close, thick and glossy with light. Its five colors come forth and join the hard with the soft. The spirits of heaven and earth eat of it and feast on it, and when a gentleman wears it, it wards off what is not auspicious. From Mount Mi to Mount Zhong is four hundred and sixty li, and all the space between is marsh. Here there are many strange birds and uncanny beasts and strange fish, and all of them are things out of the ordinary.
Interlinear notes 16
音宻。
The name is pronounced mi.
后稷神所馮，因名云。
They say it was named so because the spirit of Houji dwells there.
玉膏湧出之貌也，河圖玉版曰少室山其上有白玉膏，一服即仙矣，亦此𩔖也。沸，音拂。
It is the look of jade grease welling up. The Hetu yuban says, "Above Mount Shaoshi there is white jade grease, and one draught of it makes a man an immortal." This too is of the same kind. The word for boiling is pronounced fu.
所以得登龍於鼎湖，而龍蛻也。
That is why he rode a dragon up from Dinghu and shed his form as a dragon sheds its skin.
言玉膏中，又出黑玉也。
This means that black jade also comes out of the jade grease.
言光鮮也。
This means that the light is fine.
言滋香也。
This means that the fragrance is rich.
謂玉華也，離騷曰：懐琬琰之華英，又曰登崑崙兮，食玉英汲冢書，所謂苕華之玉。
This means the flower of jade. The Lisao says, "I hold in my breast the blossom of wanyan," and again, "I climb Kunlun and eat the flower of jade." It is what the Jizhong shu calls the jade of tiaohua.
以為玉種。
He made it the seed of jade.
言最善也，或作食覲臾兩音。
This means that they are the finest. Some texts write 食, and they are the two sounds 覲 and 臾.
說玉理也，禮記曰：瑱密似粟，粟或作栗玉，有粟文，所謂榖璧也。
This speaks of the grain of jade. The Liji says, "The zhen is close like millet." Some write 粟 as 栗. Jade with a millet pattern is what is called the gubi.
濁謂潤厚。
Zhuo means that the gloss is thick.
言符彩互映，色王子靈，符應曰：赤如雞冠，黃如蒸栗，白如割肪，黑如醇漆，玉之符彩也。
This means that the markings and the colors shine upon each other. Wang Ziling's Fuying says, "Red like a cockscomb, yellow like steamed chestnuts, white like sliced fat, black like thick lacquer. These are the markings and colors of jade."
言玉協九徳也。
This means that jade accords with the nine virtues.
玉所以祈祭者，言能動天地感鬼神。
Praying and sacrificing with jade means that it can move heaven and earth and stir the spirits.
今徼外出金剛石，石屬而似金有光彩，可以刻玉，外國人帶之云辟惡氣，亦此𩔖也。
Today diamond comes from beyond the frontier. It is of the stone kind, yet it is like metal and it has a shining luster. It can carve jade, and men of other lands wear it and say that it drives off evil vapors. This too is of the same kind.
又西北四百二十里，曰鍾山。其子曰皷，其狀如人面而龍身，是與欽䲹殺葆江于昆侖之陽，帝乃戮之鍾山之東曰𡺯崖。欽䲹化為大鶚，其狀如雕而黑文白首，赤喙而虎爪，其音如晨鵠，見則有大兵；鼓亦化為鵕鳥，其狀如鴟，赤足而直喙，黃文而白首，其音如鵠，見則其邑大旱。
Four hundred and twenty li further to the northwest lies Mount Zhong. Its son is called Gu, and he is shaped with the face of a man and the body of a dragon. This Gu, together with Qinpi, killed Baojiang on the sunny side of Kunlun, and the Lord on High put them to death east of Mount Zhong, at Yaoya. Qinpi turned into a great osprey, shaped like an eagle but with black markings and a white head, a red beak and tiger's claws. Its voice is like a chenhu's, and when it appears a great war arises. Gu too turned into a jun bird, shaped like a kite but with red feet and a straight beak, yellow markings and a white head. Its voice is like a swan's, and when it appears there is a great drought in that district.
Interlinear notes 9
此亦神名，名之為鍾山之子耳，其𩔖皆見歸藏啓筮。
This too is the name of a god, and he is only called the son of Mount Zhong. All of this kind are seen in the Qishi of the Guizang.
啓筮曰，麗山之子青羽，人面馬身，亦似此狀也。
The Qishi says, "The son of Mount Li has blue feathers, the face of a man and the body of a horse," which is like this shape.
音邳。
The name is pronounced pi.
葆或作祖。
Some texts write 葆 as 祖.
音遥。
The name is pronounced yao.
鶚，鵰屬也，音鄂。
The e is of the eagle kind. It is pronounced e.
晨鵠，鶚屬，猶云晨鳬耳，說苑曰，緤吠犬比奉晨鳬也。
The chenhu is of the osprey kind, so it is the same as saying a morning duck. The Shuoyuan says, "The leashed barking dog is matched with the chenfu."
音俊。
The name is pronounced jun.
穆天子傳云：鍾山作舂字，音同耳，穆王北升此山，以望四野，曰鍾山，是惟天虎下之髙山也，百獸之所聚，飛鳥之所栖也，爰有赤豹、白白鳥、青鵰、執犬羊、食豕鹿，穆王五日觀于鍾山，乃為銘迹於𤣥圃之上，以詔後世。
The Mu tianzi zhuan writes 鍾山 with the character 舂, and the sound is only the same. King Mu went north and climbed this mountain to look out over the fields on all four sides, and he said that Mount Zhong is a high mountain where the tiger of heaven has come down, where all the beasts gather and the flying birds roost. Here there are red leopards and white birds and blue eagles, and they seize dogs and sheep and eat pigs and deer. King Mu looked over Mount Zhong for five days, and then he cut a record of his tracks on Xuanpu to make it known to later ages.
又西百八十里，曰泰器之山。觀水出焉，西流注于流沙。是多文鰩魚，狀如鯉魚，魚身而鳥翼，蒼文而白首，赤喙，常從西海遊于東海，以夜飛。其音如鸞雞，其味酸甘，食之已狂，見則天下大穰。
A hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Taiqi. The Guan River rises here and flows west into the Flowing Sands. There are many wenyao fish here, shaped like carp, with the body of a fish and the wings of a bird, blue markings and a white head and a red beak. They always swim from the Western Sea to the Eastern Sea, and they fly by night. Their voice is like a luanji's, and their taste is sour and sweet. One who eats them is cured of madness, and when they appear there is a great harvest under heaven.
Interlinear notes 3
音遥。
The name is pronounced yao.
鸞雞，鳥名，未詳，也或作欒。
The luanji is the name of a bird, but it is not known in detail. Some texts write 欒.
豐穰，收熟也，韓子曰，穰嵗之秋。
Fengrang is the ripening of the harvest. The Hanzi says, "the autumn of a year of plenty."
又西三百二十里，曰槐江之山。丘時之水出焉，而北流注于泑水。其中多蠃母，其上金青雄黃，多藏琅玕、黃金、玉，其陽多丹粟。其陰多采黃金銀。實惟帝之平圃，神英招司之，其狀馬身而人面，虎文而鳥翼，狥于四海，其音如橊。南望昆侖，其光熊熊，其氣魂魂。西望大澤，后稷所潛也；其中多玉，其陰多榣木之有若。北望諸毗，槐鬼離侖居之，鷹鸇之所宅也。東望恒山四成，有窮鬼居之，各在一搏。爰有滛水，其清洛洛。有天神焉，其狀如牛，而八足二首馬尾，其音如勃皇，見則其邑有兵。
Three hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Huaijiang. The Qiushi River rises here and flows north into the You River. In its waters there are many luomu. On its heights there is gold and green realgar, and much langgan and gold and jade lie hidden there. On its sunny side there is much cinnabar fine as millet, and on its shaded side there is much colored gold and silver. This is truly the Pingpu of the Lord on High, and the god Yingzhao is in charge of it. He is shaped with the body of a horse and the face of a man, with tiger markings and bird wings. He goes round the four seas, and his voice is like a liu. Looking south to Kunlun, its light blazes and its vapor rolls thick. Looking west to the Great Marsh, it is where Houji lies hidden. In it there is much jade, and on its shaded side there are many yaomu with ruo growing upon them. Looking north to Zhupi, the huai demon Lilun lives there, and it is where hawks and kites make their home. Looking east to Mount Heng rising in four tiers, the Qiong demons live there, each on one flank. There is the Yao River here, and its clear water runs trickling down. There is a god of heaven here shaped like an ox, with eight feet and two heads and the tail of a horse. Its voice is like a bohuang, and when it appears war arises in that district.
Interlinear notes 16
即䗱螺也。
It is the woluo.
琅玕石，似珠者，藏猶𨼆也，郎干二音。
Langgan stone is the one that is like a pearl. Zang is the same as to lie hidden. They are the two sounds 郎 and 干.
即𤣥圃也，穆天子傳曰：乃為銘迹於𤣥圃之上，謂刋石紀功徳，如秦皇漢武之為者也。
It is Xuanpu. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "Then he cut a record of his tracks on Xuanpu," which means that he carved on stone to set down his merit and virtue, as the First Emperor of Qin and Emperor Wu of Han did.
司主也，招，音韶。
Si means to be in charge. 招 sounds the same as 韶.
狥謂周行也。
Xun means to go all around.
音畱，或作籕，此所未詳也。
It is pronounced liu. Some texts write 籕, but this is not known in detail.
皆光氣炎盛，相焜燿之貌。
Both are the look of light and vapor at their height, flashing upon each other.
后稷生而靈知，及其終化形，遯此澤而為之神，亦猶傅說騎箕尾也。
Houji knew by divine light from birth, and in the end his form changed and he hid in this marsh and became its god, as Fu Yue rode the stars Ji and Wei.
榣木，大木也，言其上復生，若木大，木之竒靈者，為若見。尸子國語曰：榣木不生花也。
The yaomu is a great tree. They say that the ruo grows again upon it, and that among great trees the strange and divine one is called ruo. The Shizi and the Guoyu say, "The yaomu does not put out flowers."
山名。
It is the name of a mountain.
離侖，其神名
Lilun is the name of that god.
鸇，亦鴟屬也。莊周曰：鴟鴉甘鼠，穆天子傳云：鍾山上有白鳥、青雕，皆此族𩔖也。
The zhan too is of the kite kind. Zhuang Zhou says, "The kite and the crow find the rat sweet." The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "Above Mount Zhong there are white birds and blue eagles," and all of these are of this kind.
成亦重也，爾雅云：再成曰英也。
Cheng too means a tier. The Erya says, "What rises in two tiers is called ying."
搏，猶脅也，言羣鬼各以𩔖聚，處山四脅，有窮其㹅，號耳搏，一作摶。
Bo is the same as a flank. It means that the crowds of demons gather each with their own kind on the four flanks of the mountain, and that the Qiong demon is their chief. Some texts write 搏 as 摶.
水留下之貌也。滛，音遥也。
It is the look of water running down. The name of the river is pronounced yao.
勃皇，未詳。
The bohuang is not known in detail.
西南四百里，曰昆侖之丘，是實惟帝之下都，神陸吾司之。其神狀虎身而九尾，人面而虎爪；是神也，司天之九部及帝之囿時。有獸焉，其狀如羊而四角，名曰土螻，是食人。有鳥焉，其狀如蠭，大如鴛鴦，名曰欽原，蠚鳥獸則死，蠚木則枯，有鳥焉，其名曰鶉鳥，是司帝之百服。有木焉，其狀如棠，黃華赤實，其味如李而無核，名曰沙棠，可以禦水，食之使人不溺。有草焉，名曰薲草，其狀如葵，其味如蔥，食之已勞。河水出焉，而南流注于無逹。赤水出焉，而東南流注于氾天之水。洋水出焉，而西南流注于醜塗之水。黑水出焉，而西流于大杅。是多怪鳥獸。
Four hundred li to the southwest lies the Hill of Kunlun, and this is truly the lower capital of the Lord on High. The god Luwu is in charge of it. That god is shaped with the body of a tiger and nine tails, the face of a man and the claws of a tiger. This god is in charge of the nine quarters of heaven and of the seasons of the Lord on High's garden. There is a beast here shaped like a sheep, with four horns. It is called tulou, and it eats people. There is a bird here shaped like a bee and as large as a mandarin duck. It is called qinyuan. What it stings among birds and beasts dies, and what it stings among trees withers. There is a bird here called the chun bird, and it is in charge of the hundred garments of the Lord on High. There is a tree here shaped like a crabapple, with yellow flowers and red fruit. Its taste is like a plum's, but it has no stone. It is called shatang, and it can keep off water, so that one who eats it does not drown. There is a plant here called bincao, shaped like mallow and tasting like scallion. One who eats it is freed of weariness. The Yellow River rises here and flows south into Wuda. The Chi River rises here and flows southeast into the Fantian River. The Yang River rises here and flows southwest into the Choutu River. The Hei River rises here and flows west into Dayu. There are many uncanny birds and beasts here.
Interlinear notes 18
天帝都邑之在下者也，穆天子傳曰：吉日辛酉，天子升于崑崙之丘，以觀黃帝之宮，而封豐隆之葬，以詔後世言，増封於昆崙山之上。
It is the capital of the Emperor of Heaven that lies below. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "On the fine day xinyou the Son of Heaven climbed the Hill of Kunlun, looked upon the palace of the Yellow Emperor, and heaped earth on the grave of Fenglong to make it known to later ages," which means that he raised the mound higher on Mount Kunlun.
即肩吾也。莊周曰：肩吾得之，以處大山也。
He is Jianwu. Zhuang Zhou says, "Jianwu got it and took his place on the great mountain."
主九城之部界，天帝苑囿之時節也。
He is in charge of the borders of the nine walled quarters and of the seasons of the garden of the Emperor of Heaven.
欽，或作爰，或作至也。
Some write 欽 as 爰, and some write it as 至.
服，器服也，一曰服事也，或作藏。
Fu is vessels and garments. Some say that it means to be in charge of affairs. Some texts write 藏.
棠，梨也。
Tang is the pear tree.
言體浮輕也，沙棠為木，不可得沉。呂氏春秋曰：果之美者，沙棠之實，銘曰安得，沙棠刻以為舟泛，彼滄海以遨以遊。
This means that the body floats light. The shatang is a tree, yet it cannot be made to sink. The Lüshi chunqiu says, "Among fruits the finest is the fruit of the shatang," and an inscription says, "How shall I get shatang, to carve a boat and float it on that blue sea, to roam and to wander?"
音頻。
The name is pronounced bin.
呂氏春秋曰：菜之美者，崑崙之蘋。
The Lüshi chunqiu says, "Among greens the finest is the pin of Kunlun."
出山東北隅也。
It rises at the northeast corner of the mountain.
山名。
It is the name of a mountain.
出山東南隅也。
It rises at the southeast corner of the mountain.
氾天，亦山名，赤水所窮也。穆天子傳曰：遂宿于崑崙之側，赤水之陽，陽，水北也，氾，浮劒反。
Fantian too is the name of a mountain, and it is where the Chi River comes to its end. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "At last he lodged beside Kunlun, on the yang of the Chi River," and yang is the north of a river. 氾 is the 浮 and 劒 spelling.
出山西北隅，或作清。
It rises at the northwest corner of the mountain. Some texts write 清.
醜塗，亦山名也，皆在南極。穆天子傳曰：戊辰濟洋水，又曰觴天子洋水也。
Choutu too is the name of a mountain, and they are all at the southern end. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "On wuchen he crossed the Yang River," and again, "They offered the Son of Heaven a cup at the Yang River."
亦出西北隅也。
This too rises at the northwest corner.
山名也，穆天子傳曰：乃封長肱于黑水之西河，是惟崑崙鴻鷺之上，以為周室主。杅，音于。
It is the name of a mountain. The Mu tianzi zhuan says, "Then he enfeoffed Changgong on the west river of the Hei River, and this place is above the Honglu of Kunlun, and he made him a lord of the house of Zhou." 杅 sounds the same as 于.
謂有一獸，九首，有一鳥，六首之屬也。
This means that there is a beast with nine heads and a bird with six heads, and others of that sort.
又西三百七十里，曰樂遊之山。桃水出焉，西流注于稷澤，是多白玉，其中多䱻魚，其狀如蛇而四足，是食魚。
Three hundred and seventy li further west lies Mount Leyou. The Tao River rises here and flows west into the Ji Marsh. There is much white jade here, and in its waters there are many hua fish, shaped like snakes but with four feet, and they eat fish.
Interlinear notes 1
音滑。
The name is pronounced hua.
西水行四百里，曰流沙，二百裏至于蠃母之山，神長乘司之，是天之九德也。其神狀如人而犳尾。其上多玉，其下多青石而無水。
Going west four hundred li by water lies the Flowing Sands, and two hundred li on one comes to Mount Luomu. The god Changcheng is in charge of it, and this is the nine virtues of heaven. That god is shaped like a man but with the tail of a zhuo. On its heights there is much jade, and below it there is much blue stone, and there is no water.
Interlinear notes 2
九徳，九氣所生。
The nine virtues are what comes from the nine vapors.
之藥反。
犳 is the 之 and 藥 spelling.
又西三百五十里，曰玉山，是西王母所居也。西王母其狀如人，豹尾虎齒而善嘯，蓬髪戴勝，是司天之厲及五殘。有獸焉，其狀如犬而豹文，其角如牛，其名曰狡，其音如吠犬，見則其國大穰。有鳥焉，其狀如翟而赤，名曰胜遇，是食魚，其音如錄，見則其國大水。
Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Yu, and this is where Xiwangmu lives. Xiwangmu is shaped like a person, with the tail of a leopard and the teeth of a tiger, and she whistles well. Her hair is tangled, and she wears a sheng. She is in charge of the calamities of heaven and of the five kinds of killing. There is a beast here shaped like a dog, with leopard markings and horns like an ox's. It is called jiao, and its voice is like a barking dog. When it appears there is a great harvest in that land. There is a bird here shaped like a pheasant and red. It is called shengyu, and it eats fish. Its voice is like a lu, and when it appears there is a great flood in that land.
Interlinear notes 7
此山多玉石，因以名云。穆天子傳謂之羣玉之山，見其山河無險，四徹中繩，先王之所謂策府，寡草木，無鳥獸，穆王於是攻其玉石，取玉石版三，乗玉器服物，載玉萬隻，以歸雙玉為㲄，半㲄為隻。
This mountain has much jade stone, and they say it was named for that. The Mu tianzi zhuan calls it the Mountain of Massed Jade. Its hills and waters have no steep place, and on all four sides it runs straight as an inked line, and it is what the former kings called the Repository of Records. It has few plants and trees, and no birds or beasts. King Mu then quarried its jade stone and got three tablets of jade stone, and he loaded jade vessels and goods and carried home ten thousand pieces of jade. Two jades make one jue, and half a jue makes one piece.
玉山
玉山 — this Mount Yu, where Xiwangmu lives, is a different mountain from the Mount Yu 羭山 of the First Guide to the Western Mountains; several mountains of different names fall together as Mount Yu in English. ― translator
蓬頭亂髪，勝玉勝也，音龎，是司天之厲及五殘，主知災厲五刑殘殺之氣也。穆天子傳曰：吉日，甲子，天子賓于西王母，執𤣥圭白璧，以見西王母，獻錦組百縷，金玉百斤，西王母再拜受之；乙丑，天子觴西王母于瑤池之上，西王母為天子謡曰：白雲在天山陵，自出道里，悠逺山川間之，將子無死尚復能來。天子畣之曰：予還東土和理諸夏萬民，均平吾顧見汝，比及三年，將復而野。西王母又為天子吟曰：徂彼西土，爰居其所虎豹，為羣鳥鵲與處，嘉命不遷我，惟帝女彼何，世民又將去，子吹笙鼓簧中心，翺翔世民之子，惟天之望，天子遂驅升于奄山，乃紀迹于奄山之石，而樹之槐眉，曰西王母之山，奄山即崦嵫山也，案竹書穆王五十七年，西王母來見賔于昭宮，舜時西王母遣使，獻玉環見禮三朝。
Her head is like mugwort and her hair is tangled. The sheng is a jade sheng, and it sounds the same as 龎. That she is in charge of the calamities of heaven and of the five kinds of killing means that she knows and governs the vapors of disaster and pestilence and of killing by the five punishments. The Mu tianzi zhuan says: On the fine day jiazi the Son of Heaven received Xiwangmu as his guest, and holding a black gui and a white bi he saw Xiwangmu, and he offered a hundred skeins of brocade thread and a hundred catties of gold and jade, and Xiwangmu bowed twice and received them. On yichou the Son of Heaven offered Xiwangmu a cup above the Jasper Pool, and Xiwangmu sang for the Son of Heaven, "White clouds are in the sky, and the ridges rise of themselves. The road is far, and mountains and rivers lie between. Do not die, and may you come again." The Son of Heaven answered, "I go back to the eastern land and govern the myriad people of the many Xia in fairness, and when they are level and at peace I shall see you again. Within three years I shall come once more to your fields." Xiwangmu chanted again for the Son of Heaven, "I went to that western land, and I live in that place. Tigers and leopards go in packs, and crows and magpies dwell with me. A fair charge does not move me, for I am only the daughter of the Lord on High. Will the people of that world also depart? You blow the mouth organ and sound its reeds, and my heart soars in flight. Son of the people of the world, I look only to heaven." The Son of Heaven then drove on and climbed Mount Yan, and he set down his tracks on the stone of Mount Yan and planted a locust tree there, and he called it the Mountain of Xiwangmu. Mount Yan is Mount Yanzi. Looking into the Zhushu, in the fifty-seventh year of King Mu, Xiwangmu came and was received as a guest in the Zhao Palace, and in the time of Shun, Xiwangmu sent an envoy who offered a jade ring and received the rite of the three audiences.
或作羊。
Some texts write 牛 as 羊.
晉太康七年，邵陵扶夷縣檻得一獸，狀如豹文有二角，無前兩腳，時人謂之狡疑非此。
In the seventh year of Taikang of Jin, in Fuyi county of Shaoling, a beast was taken in a cage. It was shaped like a leopard and had markings, with two horns and no front legs. The people of that time called it jiao, but it seems not to be this one.
音姓。
The name is pronounced sheng.
音緑，義未詳。
It is pronounced lu, but the meaning is not known in detail.
又西四百八十里，曰軒轅之丘，無草木。洵水出焉，南流注于黑水，其中多丹粟，多青雄黃。
Four hundred and eighty li further west lies the Hill of Xuanyuan, where there are no plants or trees. The Xun River rises here and flows south into the Hei River. In its waters there is much cinnabar fine as millet, and much green realgar.
Interlinear notes 2
黃帝居此丘，娶西陵氏女，因號軒轅丘。
The Yellow Emperor lived on this hill and took a daughter of the Xiling clan to wife, and so it is called the Hill of Xuanyuan.
音詢。
The name is pronounced xun.
又西三百里，曰積石之山，其下有石門，河水冒以西流，是山也，萬物無不有焉。
Three hundred li further west lies Mount Jishi. Below it there is a stone gate, and the Yellow River covers it and flows west. On this mountain there is nothing that is not found.
Interlinear notes 2
冒，猶覆也。積石山今在金城河門關西南，羌中河水行塞外，東入塞內。
Mao is the same as to cover. Mount Jishi today is southwest of the Hemen Pass in Jincheng. The Yellow River in the land of the Qiang flows outside the frontier and then comes east within the frontier.
水經引山海經云，積石山在鄧林山東，河所入也。
The Shuijing quotes the Shanhaijing, saying, "Mount Jishi is east of Mount Denglin, and it is where the Yellow River enters."
又西二百里，曰長留之山，其神白帝少昊居之。其獸皆文尾，其鳥皆文首。是多文玉石。實惟員神磈氏之宮。是神也，主司反景。
Two hundred li further west lies Mount Changliu, and its god Baidi Shaohao lives there. Its beasts all have markings on their tails, and its birds all have markings on their heads. There are many marked jade stones here. This is truly the palace of Yuanshen Weishi. This god is in charge of watching over the light that turns back.
Interlinear notes 5
少昊，金天氏，帝摯之號也。
Shaohao is Jintianshi, the name of Emperor Zhi.
或作長。
Some texts write 文 as 長.
文或作長。
Some texts write 文 as 長.
音隗。
The name is pronounced wei.
日西入則景反，東照主司察之。
When the sun goes down in the west the light turns back and shines on the east, and he is in charge of watching over this.
又西二百八十里，曰章莪之山，無草木，多瑤碧。所為甚怪。有獸焉，其狀如赤豹，五尾一角，其音如擊石，其名如猙。有鳥焉，其狀如鶴，一足，赤文青質而白喙，名曰畢方，其鳴自叫也，見則其邑有譌火。
Two hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Zhang'e. There are no plants or trees, and there is much yao and bi. What happens here is very strange. There is a beast here shaped like a red leopard, with five tails and one horn. Its voice is like stone being struck, and it is called zheng. There is a bird here shaped like a crane, with one foot, red markings on a blue ground and a white beak. It is called bifang, and its cry calls out its own name. When it appears there is an uncanny fire in that district.
Interlinear notes 4
碧亦玉屬。
Bi too is of the jade kind.
多有非常之怪。
There are many strange things out of the ordinary.
京氏易義曰：音如石相擊，音靜。
The Yiyi of Jingshi says, "Its voice is like stones striking each other." It sounds the same as 靜.
譌亦妖訛字。
E too is the character e that means uncanny.
又西三百里，曰陰山。濁浴之水出焉，而南流注于蕃澤，其中多文貝。有獸焉，其狀如狸而白首，名曰天狗，其音如榴榴，可以禦凶。
Three hundred li further west lies Mount Yin. The Zhuoyu River rises here and flows south into the Fan Marsh. In its waters there are many marked cowries. There is a beast here shaped like a wildcat, with a white head. It is called tiangou, and its voice is like liuliu. It can ward off evil.
Interlinear notes 3
餘泉蚳之𩔖也，見爾雅。
They are of the kind of the yuquan and the chi. They are seen in the Erya.
或作豹。
Some texts write 狸 as 豹.
或作猫猫。
Some texts write 猫猫.
又西二百里，曰符愓之山，其上多椶枏，下多金玉。神江疑居之。是山也，多怪雨，風雲之所出也。
Two hundred li further west lies Mount Fuyang. On its heights there are many palm and nanmu trees, and below it there is much gold and jade. The god Jiangyi lives there. On this mountain there is much uncanny rain, and it is where the wind and the clouds come out.
Interlinear notes 1
音陽。
The name is pronounced yang.
又西二百二十里，曰三危之山，三青鳥居之。是山也，廣員百里。其上有獸焉，其狀如牛，白身四角，其豪如披蓑，其名曰𢕟𢓨，是食人。有鳥焉，一首而三身，其狀如𪇱，其名曰鴟。
Two hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Sanwei, where three blue birds live. This mountain is a hundred li across. On its heights there is a beast shaped like an ox, with a white body and four horns. Its hair is like a straw cape thrown over it. It is called aoye, and it eats people. There is a bird here with one head and three bodies, shaped like a luo, and it is called chi.
Interlinear notes 5
今在燉煌郡，尚書云：竄三苗于三危是也。
It is in the commandery of Dunhuang today. When the Shu says, "He drove the Sanmiao out to Sanwei," this is it.
三青鳥主，為西王母取食者，別自棲息於此山也。竹書曰，穆王西征，至于青鳥所解也。
The three blue birds are the ones that fetch food for Xiwangmu, and they roost apart on this mountain. The Zhushu says, "King Mu went west and came to the place where the blue birds scatter."
蓑，辟雨之衣也，音梭。
The suo is a garment for keeping off rain. It is pronounced suo.
傲噎二音。
They are the two sounds 傲 and 噎.
𪇱似雕，黒文赤頸，音洛。下句或云扶狩則短，扶木則枯，應在上欽，原下脫錯在此耳。
The luo is like an eagle, with black markings and a red neck. It is pronounced luo. In the line below, where some say, "What it stings among the fushou grows short, and what it stings among the fumu withers," this ought to stand below qinyuan above. It dropped out and was wrongly placed here.
又西一百九十里，曰騩山，其上多玉而無石。神耆童居之，其音常如鍾磬。其下多積蛇。
A hundred and ninety li further west lies Mount Gui. On its heights there is much jade and no stone. The god Qitong lives there, and his voice is always like bells and chimes. Below it snakes lie heaped.
Interlinear notes 1
耆童，老童，顓頊之子。
Qitong is Laotong, the son of Zhuanxu.
又西三百五十里，曰天山，多金玉，有青雄黃。英水出焉，而西南流注于湯谷。有神焉，其狀如黃囊，赤如丹火，六足四翼，渾敦無面目，是識歌舞，實為帝江也。
Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Tian. There is much gold and jade, and there is green realgar. The Ying River rises here and flows southwest into the Tang Valley. There is a god here shaped like a yellow sack, red as the fire of cinnabar. It has six feet and four wings, and it is all gathered into one with no face and no eyes. It knows song and dance, and it is truly Dijiang.
Interlinear notes 2
體色黃，而精光赤也。
Its body is yellow in color, and the light it gives off is red.
夫形無全者，則神自然靈照精無見者，則闇與理㑹，其帝江之謂乎，莊生所云中央之帝混沌為儵忽所鑿，七竅而死者，蓋假此以寓言也。
Whatever is not whole in form has a god that shines of itself with divine light, and when the vital essence has nothing to see, the dark meets with the pattern of things. Is this not what Dijiang means? What Zhuang Zhou said, that Hundun, the emperor of the center, was bored with seven openings by Shu and Hu and died, was also said by borrowing this.
又西二百九十里，曰泑山，神蓐收居之。其上多嬰垣之玉，其陽多瑾瑜之玉，其陰多青雄黃。是山也，西望日之所入，其氣員，神紅光之所司也。
Two hundred and ninety li further west lies Mount You. The god Rushou lives there. On its heights there is much yingyuan jade, on its sunny side there is much jinyu jade, and on its shaded side there is much green realgar. From this mountain, looking west to where the sun goes in, its vapor is round, and the god Hongguang is in charge of it.
Interlinear notes 5
泑，音黝黒之黝。
The name is pronounced you, as in youhei.
亦金神也，人面虎爪，白尾執鉞，見外傳云。
He too is a god of metal. He has the face of a man and the claws of a tiger, and a white tail, and he holds an axe. He is seen in the Waizhuan.
未詳。
It is not known in detail.
日形員，故其氣象亦然也。
The form of the sun is round, and so the look of its vapor is round as well.
未聞其狀。
His shape has not been heard of.
西水行百里，至于翼望之山，無草木，多金玉。有獸焉，其狀如狸，一目而三尾，名曰讙，其音如奪百聲，是可以禦凶，服之已癉。有鳥焉，其狀如烏，三首六尾而善笑，名曰鵸鵌，服之使人不厭，又可以禦凶。
Going west a hundred li by water one comes to Mount Yiwang. There are no plants or trees, and there is much gold and jade. There is a beast here shaped like a wildcat, with one eye and three tails. It is called huan, and its voice is like the taking away of a hundred voices. It can ward off evil, and one who wears it is cured of jaundice. There is a bird here shaped like a crow, with three heads and six tails, and it laughs well. It is called qiyu, and one who wears it is not crushed by nightmares, and it can also ward off evil.
Interlinear notes 6
或作土翠山。
Some texts write the Mountain of Tucui.
讙，音歡，或作原。
The name is pronounced huan. Some texts write 原.
言其能作百種物聲也，或曰奪百物，名亦所未詳。
This means that it can make the sounds of a hundred kinds of things. Some say that it takes away a hundred things, but the name too is not known in detail.
黄癉病也，音旦。
It is the sickness of jaundice. It is pronounced dan.
猗餘兩音。
They are the two sounds 猗 and 餘.
不厭夢也。周書曰：服者不昩，音莫禮反，或曰眯，眯目也。
He does not dream nightmares. The Zhoushu says, "One who wears it is not darkened." It is the 莫 and 禮 spelling. Some say mi, which is the eye grown dim.
凡《西次三經》之首，崇吾之山至于翼望之山，凡二十三山，六千七百四十四里。其神狀皆羊身人面。其祠之禮，用一吉玉瘞，糈用稷米。
In all, the first section of the Third Guide to the Western Mountains runs from Mount Chongwu to Mount Yiwang, twenty-three mountains in all, six thousand seven hundred and forty-four li. The gods there all have the body of a sheep and the face of a man. For the rite of sacrifice to them, one auspicious jade is buried, and for the offering rice, millet is used.
Interlinear notes 1
玉加采色者也，尸子曰：吉玉大龜。
It is jade to which colors have been added. The Shizi says, "auspicious jade and a great tortoise."