Fourth Guide to the Western Mountains西次四經
《西次四經》之首，曰陰山，上多穀，無石，其草多𦮉蕃。陰水出焉，西流注于洛。
The first mountain in the Fourth Guide to the Western Mountains is Mount Yin. On its heights there is much paper mulberry and no stone, and its plants are mostly the maofan. The Yin River rises here and flows west into the Luo.
Interlinear notes 1
茆蕃葵也蕃青蕃似莎而大夘煩兩音
Maofan is the mallow. Fan is the qingfan, which resembles the sha sedge but is larger. It has the two sounds mao (夘) and fan (煩).
北五十里，曰勞山，多茈草。弱水出焉，而西流注于洛。
Fifty li to the north is Mount Lao. There is much zicao there. The Ruo River rises here and flows west into the Luo.
Interlinear notes 1
一名茈䓞中染紫也
It is also called the zixian. It dyes things purple within.
西五十里，曰罷父之山，洱水出焉，而西流注于洛，其中多茈、碧。
Fifty li to the west is Mount Bafu. The Er River rises here and flows west into the Luo. In its waters there is much zi and much bi.
Interlinear notes 1
音耳
Er (洱) sounds like er (耳).
北七十里，曰申山，其上多榖柞，其下多杻橿，其陽多金玉。區水出焉，而江流注于河。
Seventy li to the north is Mount Shen. On its heights there is much paper mulberry and oak, below there is much niu and jiang, and on its sunny side there is much gold and jade. The Ou River rises here and flows on as a great river into the Yellow River.
Interlinear notes 1
江
江 — every other watercourse in this book names the direction in which it flows; some read this 江 as an error for 北, “north.” The base text is kept. ― translator
北二百里，曰鳥山，其上多桑，其下多楮，其陰多鐵，其陽多玉。辱水出焉，而東流注于河。
Two hundred li to the north is Mount Niao. On its heights there are many mulberry trees, and below there is much paper mulberry. On its shaded side there is much iron, and on its sunny side much jade. The Ru River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River.
又北二十里，曰上申之山，上無草木，而多硌石，下多榛楛，獸多白鹿。其鳥多當扈，其狀如雉，以其髯飛，食之不眴目。湯水出焉，東流注于河。
Twenty li further north is Mount Shangshen. On its heights there are no plants or trees but many great stones, and below there are many hazel and hu trees. Its beasts are mostly white deer. Its birds are mostly the danghu, shaped like a pheasant and flies with the whiskers under its chin. Eat it and the eyes do not grow dizzy. The Tang River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River.
Interlinear notes 5
硌磊硌大石貌也音洛
Luo is leiluo, the look of great stones. It sounds like luo (洛).
榛子似栗而小味美楛木可以為箭詩云榛楛濟濟臻怙兩音
The hazelnut resembles the chestnut but is smaller and tastes good. The hu tree can be made into arrows. The Shi says, "The hazel and the hu grow thick." It has the two sounds zhen (臻) and hu (怙).
或作尸
Some write it as shi (尸).
髯咽下須毛也
Ran is the beard hair below the throat.
音眩
Xuan (眴) sounds like xuan (眩).
又北八十里，曰諸次之山，諸次之水出焉，而東流注于河。是山也，多木無草，鳥獸莫居，是多眾蛇。
Eighty li further north is Mount Zhuci. The Zhuci River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River. On this mountain there are many trees and no plants. Birds and beasts do not dwell there, and there are many snakes.
又北百八十里，曰號山，其木多漆、椶，其草多葯虈芎藭。多汵石。端水出焉，而東流注于河。
A hundred and eighty li further north is Mount Hao. Its trees are mostly lacquer and palm, and its plants are mostly the yao, the xiao and the xiongqiong. There is much jin stone. The Duan River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River.
Interlinear notes 3
漆樹似樗也
The lacquer tree resembles the ailanthus.
葯白芷別名䖀香草也芎藭一名江蘺葯音鳥較反
Yao is another name for the baizhi, the fragrant plant called xun. The xiongqiong is also called the jiangli. The sound of yao (葯) is made from niao (鳥) and jiao (較).
汵或作金未詳
Some write jin (汵) as jin (金), but this is not clear.
又北二百二十里，曰盂山，其陰多鐵，其陽多銅，其獸多白狼白虎，其鳥多白雉白翟。生水出焉，而東流注于河。
Two hundred and twenty li further north is Mount Yu. On its shaded side there is much iron, and on its sunny side much copper. Its beasts are mostly white wolves and white tigers, and its birds are mostly white pheasants and white di. The Sheng River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River.
Interlinear notes 2
音于
Yu (盂) sounds like yu (于).
外傳曰周穆王伐犬戎得四白狼白虎虎名甝虪
The Waizhuan says, "King Mu of Zhou struck the Quanrong and took four white wolves and four white tigers." The tigers are named han and shu.
西二百五十里，曰白於之山，上多松柏，下多櫟檀，其獸多㸲牛、羬羊，其鳥多鴞。洛水出于其陽，而東流注于渭；夾水出于其陰，東流注于生水。
Two hundred and fifty li to the west is Mount Baiyu. On its heights there are many pines and cypresses, and below there are many oaks and sandalwoods. Its beasts are mostly the zuo ox and the xianyang sheep, and its birds are mostly the xiao. The Luo River rises on its sunny side and flows east into the Wei. The Jia River rises on its shaded side and flows east into the Sheng.
Interlinear notes 2
櫟即柞
Li is the oak.
鴞似鳩而青色
The xiao resembles a pigeon and is green.
西北三百里，曰申首之山，無草木，冬夏有雪。申水出于其上，潛于其下，是多白玉。
Three hundred li to the northwest is Mount Shenshou. It has no plants or trees, and there is snow in winter and in summer. The Shen River rises on its heights and sinks away below it. There is much white jade here.
又西五十五里，曰涇谷之山。涇水出焉，東南流注于渭，是多白金白玉。
Fifty-five li further west is Mount Jinggu. The Jing River rises here and flows southeast into the Wei. There is much white metal and white jade here.
Interlinear notes 2
或無之山二字
Some copies do not have the two characters zhi shan (之山).
或以此為今涇水未詳
Some take this to be the Jing River of today, but this is not clear.
又西百二十里，曰剛山，多柒木，多㻬琈之玉。剛水出焉，北流注于渭。是多神𩳁，其狀人面獸身，一足一手，其音如欽。
A hundred and twenty li further west is Mount Gang. There are many lacquer trees and much tufu jade. The Gang River rises here and flows north into the Wei. There are many chi gods here. They have a human face and the body of a beast, with one foot and one hand, and their voice is like qin.
Interlinear notes 2
𩳁亦魑魅之𩔖也音耻囘反或作𩲫
The chi too is of the chimei kind. Its sound is made from chi (耻) and hui (囘). Some write it as chi (𩲫).
欽亦吟字假音
Qin too borrows the sound of the character yin (吟).
又西二百里，至剛山之尾。洛水出焉，而北流注于河。其中多蠻蠻，其狀鼠身而鼈首，其音如吠犬。
Two hundred li further west one comes to the tail of Mount Gang. The Luo River rises here and flows north into the Yellow River. In its waters there are many manman. They have the body of a rat and the head of a soft-shelled turtle, and their voice is like a barking dog.
又西三百五十里，曰英鞮之山，上多漆木，下多金玉，鳥獸盡白。涴水出焉，而北流注于陵羊之澤。是多冉遺之魚，魚身蛇首六足，其目如馬耳，食之使人不眯，可以禦凶。
Three hundred and fifty li further west is Mount Yingdi. On its heights there are many lacquer trees, and below there is much gold and jade. Its birds and beasts are all white. The Wan River rises here and flows north into the Lingyang Marsh. There are many ranyi fish here, with the body of a fish and the head of a snake, and six feet. Their eyes are like a horse's ears. Eat them and one is not crushed by nightmares, and they can ward off evil.
Interlinear notes 1
涴或作𣹠音寃枉之寃
Some write wan (涴) as wan (𣹠). It sounds like the yuan of yuanwang (寃枉).
又西三百里，曰中曲之山，其陽多玉，其陰多雄黃、白玉及金。有獸焉，其狀如馬而白身黑尾，一角，虎牙爪，音如鼓音，其名曰駮，是食虎豹，可以禦兵。有木焉，其狀如棠，而員葉赤實，實大如木𤓰，名曰櫰木，食之多力。
Three hundred li further west is Mount Zhongqu. On its sunny side there is much jade, and on its shaded side much realgar, white jade and gold. There is a beast here shaped like a horse, but its body is white and its tail black, and it has one horn. Its teeth are a tiger's and its claws a tiger's, and its voice is like the sound of a drum. It is named the bo, and it eats tigers and leopards. It can ward off weapons. There is a tree here shaped like the tang pear, with round leaves and red fruit. The fruit is as large as a quince. It is named the huai tree, and eating it gives great strength.
Interlinear notes 5
爾雅說駮不道有角及虎爪駮亦在畏狩畫中
The Erya speaks of the bo but does not say that it has a horn or a tiger's claws. The bo is also among the pictures of dreaded beasts.
養之辟兵刃也
Keep one and it turns aside blade and weapon.
木𤓰如小𤓰
The quince is like a small melon.
音懷
Huai (櫰) sounds like huai (懷).
尸子曰木食之人多為仁者名為若木此之𩔖
The Shizi says, "Those who eat of the tree are mostly benevolent, and it is named the ruo tree." This is of that kind.
又西二百六十里，曰邽山。其上有獸焉，其狀如牛，猬毛，名曰窮奇，音如獆狗，是食人。濛水出焉，南流注于洋水，其中多黃貝；蠃魚，魚身而鳥翼，音如鴛鴦，見則其邑大水。
Two hundred and sixty li further west is Mount Gui. On its heights there is a beast shaped like an ox with a hedgehog's bristles. It is named the qiongqi. Its voice is like a howling dog, and it eats people. The Meng River rises here and flows south into the Yang. In its waters there are many yellow cowries. There is the luo fish, with the body of a fish and the wings of a bird, and its voice is like a mandarin duck's. When it appears, that district has a great flood.
Interlinear notes 5
音圭
Gui (邽) sounds like gui (圭).
或云似虎蝟毛有翼銘曰窮奇之獸厥形甚醜馳逐妖邪莫不犇走是以一名號曰神狗
Some say that it resembles a tiger with hedgehog bristles and has wings. The inscription says, "The beast qiongqi is very ugly in form, yet when it chases the uncanny and the wicked, none of them fail to flee. For this reason it has another name, the spirit dog."
音蒙
Meng (濛) sounds like meng (蒙).
貝甲虫肉如科斗但有頭尾耳
The cowrie is a shelled creature. Its flesh is like a tadpole, only it has a head and a tail.
音螺
Luo (蠃) sounds like luo (螺).
又西二百二十里，曰鳥鼠同穴之山，其上多白虎、白玉。渭水出焉，而東流注于河。其中多鰠魚，其狀如鱣魚，動則其邑有大兵。濫水出于其西，西流注于漢水，多𩶯魮之魚，其狀如覆銚，鳥首而魚翼魚尾，音如磬石之聲，是生珠玉。
Two hundred and twenty li further west is Mount Niaoshutongxue. On its heights there are many white tigers and much white jade. The Wei River rises here and flows east into the Yellow River. In its waters there are many sao fish, which look like the zhan fish. When they stir, that district has a great war. The Lan River rises on its western side and flows west into the Han. There are many bipi fish, which look like an overturned pan, with the head of a bird and the wings and tail of a fish. Their voice is like the sound of a chiming stone, and they bring forth pearls and jade.
Interlinear notes 8
今在隴西首陽縣西南山有鳥鼠同穴鳥名曰䳜鼠名曰鼵鼵如人家鼠而短尾䳜似燕而黃色穿地入數尺鼠在內鳥在外而共處孔氏尚書傳曰共為雌雄張氏地理記云不為牝牡也
Today on the mountain southwest of Shouyang county in Longxi there is a place where birds and rats share one burrow. The bird is named tu and the rat is named tu. The rat is like a house rat but with a short tail, and the bird resembles a swallow but is yellow. They bore several feet into the ground, the rat within and the bird without, and so they dwell together. Kong's Shangshu zhuan says, "They become male and female together." Zhang's Diliji says, "They do not become male and female."
出山東至𢎞農華陰縣入河
It leaves the mountain and flows east, and reaching Huayin county in Hongnong it enters the Yellow River.
音騷
Sao (鰠) sounds like sao (騷).
鱣魚大魚也口在頷下體有連甲也或作鮎鯉
The zhan fish is a large fish. Its mouth is under its jaw, and its body has joined plates. Some write it as nianli (鮎鯉).
或脫無從動則以下語者
In some copies the words from "When they stir" onward have dropped out.
音檻
Lan (濫) sounds like jian (檻).
如玭兩音
It has the two sounds ru (如) and pin (玭).
亦珠母蚌𩔖而能生出之
This too is of the pearl-oyster kind, and it can bring pearls forth.
西南三百六十里，曰崦嵫之山，其上多丹木，其葉如穀，其實大如瓜，赤符而黑理，食之已癉，可以禦火。其陽多龜，其陰多玉。苕水出焉，而西流注于海，其中多砥礪。有獸焉，其狀馬身而鳥翼，人面蛇尾，是好舉人，名曰孰湖。有鳥焉，其狀如鴞而人面，蜼身犬尾，其名自號也，見則其邑大旱。
Three hundred and sixty li to the southwest is Mount Yanzi. On its heights there are many dan trees. Their leaves are like the paper mulberry's, and their fruit is as large as a melon, with a red calyx and black grain. Eat it and jaundice is cured, and it can ward off fire. On its sunny side there are many turtles, and on its shaded side much jade. The Tiao River rises here and flows west into the sea. In its waters there are many whetstones. There is a beast here with the body of a horse and the wings of a bird, a human face and the tail of a snake. It likes to lift people up, and it is named the shuhu. There is a bird here shaped like an owl but has a human face, the body of a wei monkey and the tail of a dog. Its cry is its own name, and when it appears, that district has a great drought.
Interlinear notes 7
日沒所入山也見離騷奄兹兩音
This is the mountain where the sun goes down to enter. It is seen in the Lisao. It has the two sounds yan (奄) and zi (兹).
或作若
Some write gu (穀) as ruo (若).
禹大傳曰洧盤之水出崦嵫山
The Yu dazhuan says, "The water of the Weipan rises from Mount Yanzi."
磨石也精為砥麄為礪也
These are grinding stones. The fine one is the zhi and the coarse one is the li.
喜抱舉人
It likes to take people up in its arms.
蜼獼猴屬也音贈遺之遺一音誄見中山經尾又作眥
The wei is of the macaque kind. It sounds like the yi of zengyi (贈遺), and one sound given is lei (誄). It is seen in the Zhongshan jing. Some write wei (尾) as zi (眥).
或作設設亦呼耳疑此脫誤
Some write it as she (設). She too means to call out. There seems to be something dropped or mistaken here.
凡《西次四經》自陰山以下，至于崦嵫之山，凡十九山，三千六百八十里。其神祠禮，皆用一白雞祈，糈以稻米，白菅為席。
In all, the Fourth Guide to the Western Mountains runs from Mount Yin down to Mount Yanzi, nineteen mountains in all, three thousand six hundred and eighty li. The rite of sacrifice to their gods is in every case to pray with one white cock. For the offering rice non-glutinous rice is used, and white jian rush is made the mat.
右西經之山，凡七十七山，一萬七千五百一十七里。
These above are the mountains of the Western Guide, seventy-seven mountains in all, seventeen thousand five hundred and seventeen li.