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Sixth Guide to the Central Mountains中次六經

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) 山海經 · Unknown · commentary by Guo Pu · Warring States to Western Han (commentary, 4th century) · 15 passages · 852 Chinese characters · reading time 3.4 min

Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas) Classic of the Mountains — Centre The oldest geography of the lands beyond the mountains and outside the seas, and a storehouse of myth. No single hand made it: it took shape from the Warring States down to the Han through many hands, and in the fourth century Guo Pu set his commentary to it. The nine-tailed fox, the jingwei bird, Kuafu, Xingtian and Xiwangmu all come from here. "Within the Eastern Sea, in a corner of the Northern Sea, there is a land named Joseon" — one of the earliest records in which the name Joseon survives stands in this book.

《中次六經》縞羝山之首,曰平逢之山,南望伊洛,東望穀城之山,無草木,無水,多沙石。有神焉,其狀如人而二首,名曰驕蟲,是為螫蟲,實惟蜂蜜之廬,其祠之:用一雄雞,穰而勿殺。

The head of the Gaodi range in the Sixth Guide to the Central Mountains is Mount Pingfeng. To the south it looks out to the Yi and the Luo, and to the east to Mount Gucheng. There are no plants or trees and no water, and there is much sand and stone. There is a god here shaped like a man but with two heads. It is called Jiaochong, and it is the chief of the stinging insects. This is truly the house of bees and honey. When sacrifice is made to it, one cock is used, but prayer only is made and it is not killed.

西十里,曰縞羝之山,無草木,多金玉。

Ten li west is Mount Gaodi. There are no plants or trees, and there is much gold and jade.

又西十里,曰廆山,其陰多㻬琈之玉。其陰有谷,名曰雚谷,其木多柳楮。其中有鳥焉,狀如山雞而長尾,赤如丹火而青喙,名曰鴒䳩,其鳴自呼,服之不眯。交觴之水出于其陽,而南流注于洛;俞隨之水出于其陰,而北流注于穀水。

Ten li further west is Mount Gui. On its shaded side there is much tufu jade. On its shaded side there is a valley called the Guan Valley. Among its trees there are many willows and paper mulberries. In it there is a bird shaped like a mountain pheasant, with a long tail. It is as red as cinnabar fire, and its beak is blue. It is called the lingyao, and its cry is the calling of its own name. Wear it and one is not troubled by nightmares. The Jiaoshang River rises on its sunny side and flows south into the Luo, and the Yusui River rises on its shaded side and flows north into the Gu River.

又西三十里,曰瞻諸之山,其陽多金,㴬水出焉,而東南流注于洛;少水出于其陰,而東流注于穀水。

Thirty li further west is Mount Zhanzhu. On its sunny side there is much gold. The Xie River rises here and flows southeast into the Luo, and the Shao River rises on its shaded side and flows east into the Gu River.

又西三十里,曰婁涿之山,無草木,多金玉。瞻水出于其陽,而東流注于洛;陂水出于其陰,而北流注于穀水,其中多茈石、文石。

Thirty li further west is Mount Louzhuo. There are no plants or trees, and there is much gold and jade. The Zhan River rises on its sunny side and flows east into the Luo, and the Po River rises on its shaded side and flows north into the Gu River. In its waters there is much zi stone and much patterned stone.

又西四十里,曰白石之山。惠水出于其陽,而南流注于洛,其中多水玉。澗水出于其陰,西北流注于穀水,其中多麋石、櫨丹。

Forty li further west is Mount Baishi. The Hui River rises on its sunny side and flows south into the Luo, and in its waters there is much rock crystal. The Jian River rises on its shaded side and flows northwest into the Gu River, and in its waters there is much mi stone and much ludan.

又西五十里,曰榖山,其上多榖,其下多桑。爽水出焉,而西北流注于榖水,其中多碧綠。

Fifty li further west is Mount Gu. On its heights there are many paper mulberries, and below there are many mulberry trees. The Shuang River rises here and flows northwest into the Gu River, and in its waters there is much bilu.

又西七十二里,曰密山,其陽多玉,其陰多鐵。豪水出焉,而南流注于洛,其中多旋龜,其狀鳥首而鼈尾,其音如判木。無草木。

Seventy two li further west is Mount Mi. On its sunny side there is much jade, and on its shaded side much iron. The Hao River rises here and flows south into the Luo, and in its waters there are many xuangui. They are shaped with the head of a bird and the tail of a soft shelled turtle, and their voice is like wood being split. There are no plants or trees.

又西百里,曰長石之山,無草木,多玉。其西有谷焉,名曰共谷,多竹。共水出焉,西南流注于洛,其中多鳴石。

A hundred li further west is Mount Changshi. There are no plants or trees, and there is much jade. To its west there is a valley called the Gong Valley, and there is much bamboo. The Gong River rises here and flows southwest into the Luo, and in its waters there is much mingshi stone.

又西一百四十里,曰傅山,無草木,多瑤碧。厭染之水出于其陽,而南流注于洛,其中多人魚。其西有林焉,名曰墦冢。穀水出焉,而東流注于洛,其中多㻒玉。

A hundred and forty li further west is Mount Fu. There are no plants or trees, and there is much yao and bi. The Yanran River rises on its sunny side and flows south into the Luo, and in its waters there are many renyu fish. To its west there is a wood called Fanzhong. The Gu River rises here and flows east into the Luo, and in its waters there is much you jade.

又西五十里,曰橐山,其木多樗,多𣖾木,其陽多金玉,其陰多鐵,多蕭。橐水出焉,而北流注于河。其中多脩辟之魚,狀如黽而白喙,其音如鴟,食之已白癬。

Fifty li further west is Mount Tuo. Among its trees there are many ailanthus and many xylosma, and on its sunny side there is much gold and jade, on its shaded side much iron, and much mugwort. The Tuo River rises here and flows north into the Yellow River. In its waters there are many xiupi fish, shaped like a narrow mouthed toad but with a white beak. Their voice is like a kite's, and eating them cures white ringworm.

又西九十里,曰常烝之山,無草木,多堊。潐水出焉,而東北流注于河,其中多蒼玉。菑水出焉,而北流注于河。

Ninety li further west is Mount Changzheng. There are no plants or trees, and there is much white clay. The Jiao River rises here and flows northeast into the Yellow River, and in its waters there is much blue jade. The Zi River rises here and flows north into the Yellow River.

又西九十里,曰夸父之山,其木多椶枏、多竹箭,其獸多㸲牛、羬羊,其鳥多鷩,其陽多玉,其陰多鐵。其北有林焉,名曰桃林,是廣員三百里,其中多馬。湖水出焉,而北流注于河,其中多㻒玉。

Ninety li further west is Mount Kuafu. Among its trees there are many palms and nanmu, and much small bamboo. Among its beasts there are many zuo oxen and xianyang sheep, and among its birds there are many bie. On its sunny side there is much jade, and on its shaded side much iron. To its north there is a wood called Taolin. This wood is three hundred li across, and in it there are many horses. The Hu River rises here and flows north into the Yellow River, and in its waters there is much you jade.

又西九十里,曰陽華之山,其陽多金玉,其陰多青雄黃,其草多藷藇,多苦辛,其狀如橚,其實如瓜,其味酸甘,食之已瘧。楊水出焉,而西南流注于洛,其中多人魚。門水出焉,而東北流注于河,其中多玄䃤。𦁎姑之水出于其陰,而東流注于門水,其上多銅。門水出于河,七百九十里入雒水。

Ninety li further west is Mount Yanghua. On its sunny side there is much gold and jade, and on its shaded side much green realgar. Among its plants there are many yams and much kuxin. It is shaped like the catalpa, its fruit is like a melon, and its taste is sour and sweet. Eat it and the ague is cured. The Yang River rises here and flows southwest into the Luo, and in its waters there are many renyu fish. The Men River rises here and flows northeast into the Yellow River, and in its waters there are many black whetstones. The Yaogu River rises on its shaded side and flows east into the Men River, and above it there is much copper. The Men River comes out of the Yellow River and runs seven hundred and ninety li into the Luo.

凡縞羝山之首,自平逢之山至于陽華之山,凡十四山,七百九十里。嶽在其中,以六月祭之,如諸嶽之祠法,則天下安寧。

In all, the head of the Gaodi range runs from Mount Pingfeng to Mount Yanghua, fourteen mountains in all, seven hundred and ninety li. A great mountain stands among them. Sacrifice is made to it in the sixth month by the rite used for the other great mountains, and then all under heaven is at peace.