Speech and Conversation世説新語 言語第二

閎也

This is Yuan Hong.

《文士傳》曰：「邊讓字文禮，陳留人。才俊辯逸，大將軍何進聞其名，召署令史，以禮見之。讓占對閑雅，聲氣如流，坐客皆慕之。讓出就曹，時孔融、王朗等並前爲掾，共書刺從讓，讓平衡與交接。後爲九江太守，爲魏武帝所殺。」

The Wenshi zhuan says, "Bian Rang, whose courtesy name was Wenli, was a man of Chenliu. His talent was outstanding and his speech flowed freely. He Jin, the General in Chief, heard his name, summoned him and appointed him a clerk, and received him with ceremony. Rang asked and answered with an easy elegance, his voice and spirit like running water, and all the guests seated there admired him. When Rang went out to his bureau, Kong Rong and Wang Lang and others had all become officials before him, and they wrote out their cards together and attended on Rang, and Rang dealt with them all evenly, as a balance does. Later he became Governor of Jiujiang, and he was put to death by Emperor Wu of Wei."

皇甫謐曰：「由字武仲，陽城槐里人也。堯舜皆師而學事焉，後隱於沛澤之中，堯乃致天下而讓焉。由爲人據義履方，邪席不坐，邪饍不食，聞堯讓而去。其友巣父聞由爲堯所讓，以爲汚己，乃臨池洗耳。池主怒曰：『何以汚我水？』由於是遁耕於中嶽潁水之陽，箕山之下，終身無經天下色。死葬箕山之巓，在陽城之南十里。堯因就其墓，號曰『箕山公神』，以配食五嶽，世世奉祀，至今不絶也。」

Huangfu Mi says, "Xu You, whose courtesy name was Wuzhong, was a man of Huaili in Yangcheng. Yao and Shun both took him as their teacher and learned from him and served him. Later he hid in the marshes of Pei, and Yao then brought the empire to him and would have handed it over. You leaned on what was right and trod what was square. He would not sit on a crooked mat, he would not eat food crookedly got, and when he heard that Yao would hand over the empire he went away. His friend Chaofu heard that Yao had offered the empire to You, and thinking himself defiled by it he went down to a pool and washed his ears. The master of the pool grew angry and said, 'Why do you defile my water?' You then fled and farmed on the north bank of the Ying River at the Central Peak, below Mount Ji, and to the end of his days he wore no look of governing the empire. When he died he was buried on the summit of Mount Ji, ten li south of Yangcheng. Yao then went to his grave and named him 'the Spirit Lord of Mount Ji,' and made him a partner in the offerings to the Five Peaks. Age after age has honored him, and the offerings are unbroken to this day."

按：袁閎卒於太尉掾，未嘗爲汝南，斯説謬矣。

On examination: Yuan Hong died as an officer under the Grand Commandant, and he never held Runan, so this account is wrong.

穉也

This is Xu Zhi.

《五經通議》曰：「月中有兔、蟾蜍者何？月，陰也；蟾蜍，亦陰也；而與兔並明，陰繫於陽也。」

The Wujing tongyi says, "What does it mean that there are a hare and a toad in the moon? The moon is yin, and the toad too is yin, yet it shines together with the hare. This is the yin bound to the yang."

融也

This is Kong Rong.

《續漢書》曰：「孔融字文舉，魯國人，孔子二十四世孫也。髙祖父尚，鉅鹿太守。父宙，泰山都尉。」《融別傳》曰：「融四歳，與兄食梨，輒引小者。人問其故？答曰：『小兒，法當取小者。』年十歳，隨父詣京師。河南尹李膺有重名，融欲觀其爲人，遂造之。膺問：『髙明父祖，嘗與僕周旋乎？』融曰：『然。先君孔子與君先人李老君，同德比義，而相師友。則融與君累世通家也。』衆坐莫不歎息，僉曰：『異童子也！』太中大夫陳韙後至，同坐以告。韙曰：『人小時了了者，長大未必能奇。』融應聲曰：『即如所言，君之幼時，豈實慧乎？』膺大笑，顧謂融曰：『長大必爲偉器。』」

The Xu Hanshu says, "Kong Rong, whose courtesy name was Wenju, was a man of the state of Lu, and the descendant of Confucius in the twenty-fourth generation. His great-great-grandfather Kong Shang was Governor of Julu. His father Kong Zhou was Commandant of Taishan." The Rong biezhuan says, "When Rong was four he ate pears with his elder brother and always took the smaller one. People asked him the reason, and he answered, 'A small child should by rule take the small one.' At ten he followed his father to the capital. Li Ying, Governor of Henan, had a weighty name, and Rong wished to see what manner of man he was, so he went to him. Ying asked, 'Did your illustrious father and grandfather ever have dealings with me?' Rong said, 'They did. My forebear Confucius and your forebear Lord Li Lao were alike in virtue and matched in right, and they were teacher and friend to each other. So you and I are a house joined through many generations.' No one in the company failed to sigh in wonder, and all said, 'This is an extraordinary boy!' Chen Wei, Grand Palace Grandee, came in later, and one of the company told him of it. Wei said, 'One who is clever as a small child is not always remarkable when he is grown.' Rong answered at once, 'Then by your own words, were you truly wise in your childhood?' Ying laughed aloud and turned to Rong and said, 'When you are grown you will surely be a great vessel.'"

《魏氏春秋》曰：「融對孫權使有訕謗之言，坐棄市。二子方八歳、九歳，融見收，奕棋端坐不起。左右曰：『而父見執。』二子曰：『安有巣覆而卵不破者哉！』遂倶見殺。」《世語》曰：「魏太祖以歳儉禁酒，融謂酒以成禮，不宜禁。由是惑衆，太祖收寘法焉。二子齠齔見收，顧謂二子曰：『何以不辟？』二子曰：『父尚如此，復何所辟？』」裴松之以爲《世語》云融兒不辟，知必倶死，猶差可安。孫盛之言，誠所未譬。八歳小兒，能懸了禍患，聰明特達，卓然既遠，則其憂樂之情，固亦有過成人矣。安有見父被執，而無變容，奕棋不起，若在暇豫者乎？昔申生就命，言不忘父，不以己之將死而廢念父之情也。父安尚猶若茲，而況顛沛哉！盛以此爲美談，無乃賊夫人之子與？蓋由好奇情多，而不知言之傷理也。

The Weishi chunqiu says, "Rong spoke slighting words before Sun Quan's envoy, and for this he was put to death in the marketplace. His two sons were then eight and nine. When Rong was taken they sat straight at their game of chess and did not rise. Those beside them said, 'Your father has been seized.' The two sons said, 'When was a nest ever overturned and the eggs not broken?' In the end they were both put to death." The Shiyu says, "Taizu of Wei forbade wine because the year was lean, and Rong said that wine is what completes the rites and should not be forbidden. He was held for this to have led the people astray, and Taizu seized him and put him to the law. His two sons were of an age to be losing their milk teeth when they were seized. Rong turned to them and said, 'Why do you not flee?' The two sons said, 'Our father is used so. Where is there left to flee to?'" Pei Songzhi thought thus. When the Shiyu says that Rong's children did not flee because they knew they must die together, that is somewhat easier to rest in. Sun Sheng's words I truly cannot fathom. If an eight year old child could see disaster and trouble so clearly, with an understanding that reached out far beyond others, then his grief and his joy must also have gone beyond a grown man's. How could he see his father seized and yet not change countenance, going on with his chess and not rising, as though he were at his ease? Long ago Shensheng went to his death, and his words did not forget his father. He did not cast away his care for his father because he himself was about to die. It was so even when his father was safe, and how much more when all was overturned. Sun Sheng has made this into a fine tale. Is that not to harm another man's child? It comes of loving the strange too much, and not knowing that such words injure reason."

按，寔之在鄕里，州郡有疑獄不能決者，皆將詣寔，或到而情首，或中途改辭，或託狂悸，皆曰「寧爲刑戮所苦，不爲陳君所非。」豈有盛德感人若斯之甚，而不自衞，反招刑辟，殆不然乎？此所謂東野之言耳！

On examination: when Chen Shi was living in his home district, whenever there was a doubtful case in the province or the commandery that could not be decided, all of them were brought before Shi. Some confessed the truth when they came, some changed their words on the way, and some feigned madness, and they all said, "Better to suffer punishment than to be held wrong by Lord Chen." How could virtue so full move men to this degree, and yet the man not guard himself and instead bring punishment upon himself? It was surely not so. This is what is called a country fellow's tale.

王廙注《繫辭》曰：「金，至堅矣，同心者，其利無不入。蘭，芳物也，無不樂者。言其同心者，物無不樂也。」

Wang Yi, in his notes on the Xi ci, says, "Metal is the hardest of things, and for those who are one in heart there is nothing their sharpness does not enter. The orchid is a fragrant thing, and there is no one who does not delight in it. This says that for those who are one in heart there is nothing that does not delight in them."

《帝王世紀》曰：「殷髙宗武丁有賢子孝己，其母蚤死，髙宗惑後妻之言，放之而死，天下哀之。」

The Diwang shiji says, "Wuding, Gaozong of Yin, had a worthy son, Xiaoji. The boy's mother died early, and Gaozong was misled by the words of his later wife and cast him out, and he died. All under heaven grieved for him."

《琴操》曰：「尹吉甫，周卿也，有子伯奇，母死更娶。後妻生子曰伯邽。乃譖伯奇於吉甫，於是放伯奇於野。宣王出遊，吉甫從，伯奇乃作歌，以言感之。宣王聞之曰：『此孝子之辭也。』吉甫乃求伯奇於野，而射殺後妻。」

The Qincao says, "Yin Jifu was a minister of Zhou. He had a son, Boqi. The boy's mother died and he married again. His later wife bore a son named Bogui. She then slandered Boqi to Jifu, and Boqi was cast out into the wilds. When King Xuan went out on a journey, Jifu went with him, and Boqi then made a song to move him with its words. King Xuan heard it and said, 'These are the words of a filial son.' Jifu then sought out Boqi in the wilds, and shot his later wife dead."

未詳

Not known in detail.

荀爽，一名諝。《漢南紀》曰：「諝文章典籍無不渉，時人諺曰：『荀氏八龍，慈明無雙。』潛處篤志，徴聘無所就。」張璠《漢紀》曰：「董卓秉政，復徴爽，爽欲遁去，吏持之急。起布衣，九十五日而至三公。」

This is Xun Shuang, whose other name is Xun Xu. The Hannan ji says, "There was nothing in letters or in the books of the classics that Xu had not ranged over. There was a saying among the men of the time, 'Among the eight dragons of the Xun house, Ciming has no match.' He lived quietly and held firm to his purpose, and he took up none of the posts he was called to." Zhang Fan's Han ji says, "When Dong Zhuo took the government he called Shuang again. Shuang wished to flee, but the officers held him fast. He rose from hempen clothes, and in ninety-five days he had reached the Three Dukes."

《春秋傳》曰：「祁奚爲中軍尉，請老，晉侯問嗣焉。稱解狐，其讎也。將立之而卒。又問焉。對曰：『午也可。』其子也。君子謂祁奚可謂能舉善矣。稱其讎不爲諂，立其子不爲比。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Qi Xi was Commandant of the Central Army, and asked to retire for age, and the Marquis of Jin asked him who should follow him. He named Xie Hu, who was his enemy. He was about to appoint him, but Xie Hu died. He asked again, and Qi Xi answered, 'Wu will do,' and Wu was his son. The gentleman says that Qi Xi may be said to have known how to recommend the good. To name his enemy was no flattery, and to set up his son was no partiality."

《典略》曰：「衡字正平，平原般人也。」《文士傳》曰：「衡不知先所出，逸才飄舉。少與孔融作爾汝之交，時衡未滿二十，融已五十。敬衡才秀，共結殷勤，不能相違。以建安初北遊，或勸其詣京師貴遊者，衡懷一刺，遂至漫滅，竟無所詣。融數與武帝牋，稱其才，帝傾心欲見。衡稱疾不肯往，而數有言論。帝甚忿之，以其才名不殺，圖欲辱之，乃令録爲鼓吏。後至八月朝會，大閲試鼓節，作三重閣，列坐賓客。以帛絹製衣，作一岑牟，一單絞及小㡓。鼓吏度者，皆當脱其故衣，著此新衣。次傳衡，衡撃鼓爲漁陽摻檛，蹋地來前，躡𫘈腳足，容態不常，鼓聲甚悲，音節殊妙。坐客莫不慷慨，知必衡也。既度，不肯易衣。吏呵之曰：『鼓吏何獨不易服？』衡便止。當武帝前，先脱㡓，次脱餘衣，裸身而立。徐徐乃著岑牟，次著單絞，後乃著㡓。畢，復撃鼓摻槌而去，顏色無怍。武帝笑謂四坐曰：『本欲辱衡，衡反辱孤。』至今有漁陽摻檛，自衡造也。爲黃祖所殺。」

The Dianlue says, "Heng, whose courtesy name was Zhengping, was a man of Ban in Pingyuan." The Wenshi zhuan says, "It is not known where Heng came from. His rare talent soared high. When he was young he came to be on familiar terms with Kong Rong, and at that time Heng was not yet twenty while Rong was already fifty. Rong honored the fineness of Heng's talent, and they bound themselves in warm friendship and could not be parted. At the beginning of the Jian'an years he traveled north, and someone urged him to call on the great men of the capital. Heng carried a calling card in his breast, but the letters wore away in the end and he called on no one. Rong wrote often to Emperor Wu and praised his talent, and the emperor set his heart on seeing him. Heng pleaded illness and would not go, and he spoke his mind often besides. The emperor was much angered, but because of his talent and his name he did not kill him. Meaning to shame him, he had him entered on the rolls as a drummer. Later, at the court assembly in the eighth month, there was a great review and trial of the drum measures. A tower of three stories was built and the guests were seated in rows. Clothes were made of silk, a cenmou cap, a single unlined coat, and short trousers. Every drummer who passed in his turn had to take off his old clothes and put on these new ones. When the turn came to Heng, Heng struck the drum and played the Yuyang canzhua. He trod the ground and came forward, and his feet moved so that his bearing was like nothing usual. The drumbeats were deeply sad and the measure was wonderfully fine. There was no one in the company who was not stirred, and they knew that it must be Heng. When he had passed he would not change his clothes, and an officer rebuked him, saying, 'Why is this drummer alone not changing his dress?' Heng then stopped. Before Emperor Wu he first took off his trousers, then took off the rest of his clothes, and stood naked. Slowly he then put on the cenmou cap, next the unlined coat, and last the trousers. When he had done, he struck the drum again and played with the stick and went out, with no shame in his face. Emperor Wu laughed and said to the whole company, 'I meant to shame Heng, and Heng has shamed me instead.' The Yuyang canzhua that is played to this day was made by Heng. He was put to death by Huang Zu."

皇甫謐《帝王世紀》曰：「武丁夢天賜己賢人，使百工寫其象，求諸天下。見築者胥靡，衣褐於傅巖之野，是謂傅説。」張晏曰：「胥靡，刑名。胥，相也；靡，從也。謂相從坐輕刑也。」

Huangfu Mi's Diwang shiji says, "Wuding dreamed that heaven had given him a worthy man, and he had all the artisans draw his likeness and sought him through the empire. They found a wall builder, a xumi convict, wearing coarse cloth in the wilds of Fuyan, and this was Fu Yue." Zhang Yan says, "Xumi is the name of a punishment. Xu means together and mi means to follow. It means those who follow one another under a light punishment."

《蜀志》曰：「龐統字士元，襄陽人。少時樸鈍，未有識者。潁川司馬徽有知人之鑒，士元弱冠往見徽，徽采桑樹上，坐士元樹下，共語，自晝至夜。徽異之曰：『生當爲南州士人之冠冕。』由是漸顯。」《襄陽記》曰：「士元，德公之從子也。年少未有識者，唯德公重之。年十八，使往見德操，與語，歎曰：『德公誠知人，實盛德也。』後劉備訪世事於德操，德操曰：『俗士豈識時務，此閒自有伏龍、鳳雛。』謂諸葛孔明與士元也。」《華陽國志》曰：「劉備引士元爲軍師中郎將，從攻洛，爲流矢所中，卒。時年三十八。」

The Shu zhi says, "Pang Tong, whose courtesy name was Shiyuan, was a man of Xiangyang. When he was young he was plain and dull, and no one knew him for what he was. Sima Hui of Yingchuan had an eye for men, and when Shiyuan was twenty he went to see Hui. Hui was up in the mulberry tree picking leaves and Shiyuan sat below the tree, and they talked together from day into night. Hui thought him remarkable and said, 'He will surely be the crown of the scholars of the southern region.' From this he came little by little into notice." The Xiangyang ji says, "Shiyuan was the nephew of Pang Degong. He was young and no one knew him, and only Degong held him in esteem. At eighteen he was sent to see Decao, and after talking with him Decao sighed and said, 'Degong truly knows men. His virtue is full indeed.' Later Liu Bei asked Decao about the affairs of the age, and Decao said, 'What do common scholars know of the business of the times? Here there is a crouching dragon and a young phoenix.' He meant Zhuge Kongming and Shiyuan." The Huayang guo zhi says, "Liu Bei drew Shiyuan to him as Army Adviser and General of the Household. He followed him in the attack on Luo, and was struck by a stray arrow and died. He was then thirty-eight."

《司馬徽別傳》曰：「徽字德操，潁川陽翟人。有人倫鑒識，居荊州。知劉表性暗，必害善人，乃括囊不談議時人。有以人物問徽者，初不辨其髙下，毎輒言『佳』。其婦諫曰：『人質所疑，君宜辨論，而一皆言佳，豈人所以咨君之意乎？』徽曰：『如君所言，亦復佳。』其婉約遜遁如此。嘗有妄認徽豬者，便推與之。後得其豬，叩頭來還，徽又厚辭謝之。劉表子琮往候徽，遣問在不？會徽自鋤園，琮左右問：『司馬君在邪？』徽曰：『我是也。』琮左右見其醜陋，罵曰：『死傭，將軍諸郎欲求見司馬君，汝何等田奴，而自稱是邪！』徽歸，刈頭著幘出見。琮左右見徽故是向老翁，恐，向琮道之。琮起，叩頭辭謝。徽乃謂曰：『卿眞不可，然吾甚羞之。此自鋤園，唯卿知之耳。』有人臨蠶求簇箔者，徽自棄其蠶而與之。或曰：『凡人損己以贍人者，謂彼急我緩也。今彼此正等，何爲與人？』徽曰：『人未嘗求己，求之不與將慚。何有以財物令人慚者！』人謂劉表曰：『司馬德操，奇士也，但未遇耳。』表後見之，曰：『世閒人爲妄語，此直小書生耳。』其智而能愚皆此類。荊州破，爲曹操所得，操欲大用，會其病死。」

The Sima Hui biezhuan says, "Hui, whose courtesy name was Decao, was a man of Yangdi in Yingchuan. He had an eye for judging men, and he lived in Jingzhou. He knew that Liu Biao was dark in nature and would surely harm good men, and so he drew his bag shut and did not talk of the men of the day. When someone asked him about a man, from the first he would not mark him high or low, but always said only, 'Fine.' His wife remonstrated with him, saying, 'When people truly are in doubt you ought to weigh the matter and speak. Yet you say of every one of them only that he is fine. Is that what people mean when they come to ask you?' Hui said, 'What you say is also fine.' His gentle and yielding way was like this. Once a man wrongly claimed one of Hui's pigs as his own, and Hui pushed it over to him at once. Later the man found his own pig and brought it back with his head to the ground, and Hui thanked him again in warm words. Liu Biao's son Liu Cong went to call on Hui and sent ahead to ask whether he was at home. Hui happened to be hoeing his own field, and Cong's attendant asked, 'Is Lord Sima at home?' Hui said, 'I am he.' Cong's attendant saw how mean he looked and cursed him, saying, 'You wretch, the general's sons wish to see Lord Sima. What sort of field slave are you, to say that you are he?' Hui went back, put his hair in order, set on his head cloth, and came out to meet them. When Cong's attendant saw that Hui was the very old man of a moment before he was afraid, and he told Cong of it. Cong rose and put his head to the ground and begged pardon, and Hui then said to him, 'You must not do so. Yet I am much ashamed of this. I was hoeing my own field, and you alone know it.' There was a man who, when the silkworm season came, asked for frames and trays, and Hui threw away his own silkworms and gave them to him. Someone said, 'When a man takes from himself to supply another, it is because the other is pressed and he himself is at ease. Now the two of you stand just alike. Why give to him?' Hui said, 'The man has never asked anything of me before, and if he asks and is not given he will be ashamed. How should I shame a man over goods?' Someone said to Liu Biao, 'Sima Decao is a remarkable scholar, only he has not met his time.' Biao saw him afterward and said, 'The people of the age talk idly. This is nothing but a small student.' His wisdom that could look like folly was all of this kind. When Jingzhou fell he came into Cao Cao's hands, and Cao Cao meant to give him high employment, but he fell ill and died."

《莊子》曰：「堯治天下，伯成子髙立爲諸侯，禹爲天子，伯成辭諸侯而耕於野。禹往見之，趨就下風而問焉。子髙曰：『昔堯治天下，不賞而民勸，不罰而民畏。今子賞罰而民且不仁，德自此衰，刑自此立。夫子盍行邪？毋落吾事！』」

The Zhuangzi says, "When Yao ruled the empire, Bocheng Zigao stood as a feudal lord. When Yu became Son of Heaven, Bocheng gave up his fief and plowed in the wilds. Yu went to see him, and stepped down to the lee of him to ask. Zigao said, 'Long ago, when Yao ruled the empire, the people were diligent though he gave no rewards, and they were in awe though he gave no punishments. Now you reward and punish, and yet the people are not kind. Virtue has waned from this, and punishment has been set up from this. Why do you not go, sir? Do not spoil my work.'"

《家語》曰：「原憲字子思，宋人，孔子弟子。居魯，環堵之室，茨以生草，蓬戸不完，桑樞而瓮牖，上漏下濕，坐而絃歌。子貢軒車不容巷，往見之，曰：『先生何病也？』憲曰：『憲聞無財謂之貧，學而不能行謂之病。今憲貧也，非病也。夫希世而行，比周而友，學以爲人，教以爲己。仁義之慝，輿馬之飾，憲不忍爲也。』」

The Jiayu says, "Yuan Xian, whose courtesy name was Zisi, was a man of Song and a disciple of Confucius. He lived in Lu, in a room of four walls a fathom across, thatched with fresh grass. His wicker door was not whole, his door pivot was of mulberry wood and his window was a broken jar, and it leaked above and was damp below, and he sat there playing the zither and singing. Zigong came to see him, his high carriage too tall for the lane, and said, 'What ails you, sir?' Xian said, 'I have heard that to be without goods is called poverty, and to learn and not be able to practice is called ailing. I am poor. I am not ailing. To act with an eye on the age, to make friends by party feeling, to learn in order to show it to others and to teach for one's own sake, to do ill under cover of kindness and right, and to deck out carriage and horses, are things I cannot bring myself to do.'"

許由、巣父。

This is Xu You and Chaofu.

《孟子》曰：「伯夷、叔齊目不視惡色，耳不聽惡聲，與鄕人居，若在塗炭，蓋聖人之淸也。」

Mencius says, "Bo Yi and Shu Qi would not look at a bad color with their eyes nor listen to a bad sound with their ears, and when they were among country people it was as though they were in mud and charcoal. This was the purity of the sages."

《古史考》曰：「呂不韋爲秦子楚行千金貨於華陽夫人，請立子楚爲嗣。及子楚立，封不韋洛陽十萬戸，號文信侯。」以詐獲爵，故曰竊也。《論語》曰：「齊景公有馬千駟，民無德而稱焉。」孔安國曰：「千駟，四千匹。」

The Gushi kao says, "Lü Buwei spent a thousand pieces of gold on Lady Huayang for Zichu of Qin, and asked that Zichu be made the heir. When Zichu was set up he enfeoffed Buwei with a hundred thousand households at Luoyang and named him Marquis of Wenxin." He got his rank by deceit, and so it is called stealing. The Analects says, "Duke Jing of Qi had a thousand teams of horses, and the people found nothing in his virtue to praise." Kong Anguo says, "A thousand teams are four thousand horses."

《典略》曰：「劉楨字公幹，東平寧陽人。建安十六年，世子爲五官中郎將，妙選文學，使楨隨侍太子。酒酣坐歡，乃使夫人甄氏出拜，坐上客多伏，而楨獨平視。他日公聞，乃收楨，減死輸作部。」《文士傳》曰：「楨性辯捷，所問應聲而答。坐平視甄夫人，配輸作部，使磨石。武帝至尚方觀作者，見楨匡坐正色磨石。武帝問曰：『石何如？』楨因得喩己自理，跪而對曰：『石出荊山懸巖之巓，外有五色之章，内含卞氏之珍。磨之不加瑩，雕之不增文，稟氣堅貞，受之自然。顧其理枉屈紆繞而不得申。』帝顧左右大笑，即日赦之。」

The Dianlue says, "Liu Zhen, whose courtesy name was Gonggan, was a man of Ningyang in Dongping. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an the heir apparent became General of the Household for All Purposes, and he chose men of letters with care and had Zhen attend upon the crown prince. When the wine was deep and the company merry, he had his lady, the Lady Zhen, come out and bow. Most of the guests in their places bent low, and Zhen alone looked straight at her. Another day the duke heard of it, and he seized Zhen and, sparing him death, sent him to the labor works." The Wenshi zhuan says, "Zhen was quick and ready in speech by nature, and answered whatever he was asked as soon as the sound was out. Because he had sat and looked straight at the Lady Zhen he was assigned to the labor works and set to grinding stone. Emperor Wu came to the Shangfang workshops to look at the workmen, and saw Zhen sitting straight with a grave face, grinding stone. Emperor Wu asked, 'How is the stone?' Zhen was thus able to speak of his own case in a figure, and he knelt and answered, 'This stone came from the top of a sheer crag on Mount Jing. Without, it has the markings of five colors. Within, it holds the treasure of the Bian house. Grinding does not make it brighter and carving adds nothing to its pattern, for the breath it received is firm and true, taken from what is so of itself. Only its grain is bent and twisted and coiled, and cannot be drawn straight.' The emperor looked round at his attendants and laughed aloud, and that same day he pardoned him."

《魏志》曰：「帝諱丕，字子桓，受漢禪。」按，諸書或云楨被刑魏武之世，建安二十年病亡。後七年，文帝乃即位。而謂楨得罪黃初之時，謬矣。

The Wei zhi says, "The emperor's taboo name was Pi and his style was Zihuan, and he received the abdication of Han." On examination: several books say that Zhen was punished in the time of Emperor Wu of Wei and died of illness in the twentieth year of Jian'an. Seven years after that Emperor Wen came to the throne. So to say that Zhen fell into guilt in the Huangchu years is wrong.

《魏書》曰：「毓字穉叔，潁川長社人，相國繇長子也。年十四，爲散騎侍郎，機捷談笑有父風，仕至車騎將軍。」

The Wei shu says, "Yu, whose courtesy name was Zhishu, was a man of Changshe in Yingchuan, the eldest son of Zhong You, Chancellor of State. At fourteen he became Attendant Gentleman of the Cavalry in Regular Attendance. He was quick witted, and in talk and laughter he had his father's manner, and he rose in office to General of Chariots and Cavalry."

《魏志》曰：「繇字元常，家貧好學，爲《周易》、《老子》訓。歴大理、相國，遷太傅。」

The Wei zhi says, "You, whose courtesy name was Yuanchang, was poor at home but loved learning, and he made glosses on the Zhou yi and the Laozi. He passed through the offices of Chamberlain for Law Enforcement and Chancellor of State, and moved to Grand Mentor."

《魏志》曰：「會字士季，繇少子也。敏惠夙成。中護軍蔣濟著論，謂觀其眸子，足以知人。會年五歳，繇遣見濟。濟甚異之，曰：『非常人也！』及壯，有才數，精練名理，累遷黃門侍郎。諸葛誕反，文王征之，會謀居多，時人謂之子房。拜鎭西將軍。伐蜀，蜀平，進位司徒。自謂功名蓋世，不可復爲人下。謂所親曰：『我淮南已來，畫無遺策，四海共知，持此欲安歸乎？』遂謀反，見誅，時年四十。」

The Wei zhi says, "Hui, whose courtesy name was Shiji, was the younger son of Zhong You. He was quick and bright and came early to maturity. Jiang Ji, General of the Central Army Protection, wrote a treatise saying that to look at a man's pupils is enough to know the man. When Hui was five You sent him to see Ji. Ji thought him most remarkable and said, 'This is no common man!' When he was grown he had talent and resource and was practiced in the study of names and principles, and after several moves he became Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate. When Zhuge Dan rebelled, King Wen went to strike him, and much of the planning was Hui's, so the men of the time called him a Zifang. He was appointed General Who Guards the West. He attacked Shu, and when Shu was brought to order he was advanced to Minister over the Masses. He thought that his merit and his name covered the age and that he could not be under another man again. He said to one close to him, 'Since Huainan there has been no flaw in my plans, and all within the four seas know it. Holding this, where am I to go home to?' In the end he plotted rebellion and was put to death, being then forty."

《魏本傳》曰：「帝諱叡，字元仲，文帝太子。以其母廢，未立爲嗣。文帝與倶獵，見子母鹿，文帝射其母，應絃而倒。復令帝射其子，帝置弓泣曰：『陛下已殺其母，臣不忍復殺其子。』文帝曰：『好語動人心。』遂定爲嗣。是爲明帝。」《魏書》曰：「文昭甄皇后，明帝母也。父逸，上蔡令。烈宗即位，追封上蔡君。嫡孫象襲爵，象薨，子暢嗣，起大第，車駕親自臨之。」

The Wei benzhuan says, "The emperor's taboo name was Rui and his style was Yuanzhong, and he was the crown prince of Emperor Wen. Because his mother had been put aside he had not yet been set up as heir. Emperor Wen went hunting with him, and they saw a doe and her fawn. Emperor Wen shot the doe, and she fell at the sound of the string. He then bade the emperor shoot the fawn, and the emperor laid down his bow and wept, saying, 'Your Majesty has already killed the mother. Your servant cannot bring himself to kill her young as well.' Emperor Wen said, 'Good words move a man's heart,' and in the end he settled him as heir. This was Emperor Ming." The Wei shu says, "Empress Wenzhao Zhen was the mother of Emperor Ming. Her father Zhen Yi was Prefect of Shangcai, and when Liezong came to the throne he was enfeoffed after his death as Lord of Shangcai. His eldest grandson Zhen Xiang succeeded to the rank, and when Xiang died his son Zhen Chang followed him. He built a great house, and the imperial carriage came to it in person."

《文章敘録》曰：「襲字熙伯，東海蘭陵人。有才學，累遷侍中、光祿勳。」

The Wenzhang xulu says, "Xi, whose courtesy name was Xibo, was a man of Lanling in Donghai. He had talent and learning, and after several moves he became Palace Attendant and Chamberlain for Attendants."

《秦詩》曰：「渭陽，康公念母也。康公之母，晉獻公之女。文公遭驪姬之難，未反而秦姬卒。穆公納文公，康公時爲太子，贈送文公於渭之陽，念母之不見也。我見舅氏，如母存焉。」按，《魏書》：「帝於後園爲象母起觀，名其里曰渭陽。」然則象母即帝之舅母，非外祖母也。且「渭陽」爲舘名，亦乖舊史也。

The Qin shi says, "Weiyang is Duke Kang thinking of his mother. Duke Kang's mother was the daughter of Duke Xian of Jin. When Duke Wen met with the trouble raised by Li Ji and had not yet returned, the lady of Qin died. Duke Mu brought Duke Wen in, and Kang, who was then crown prince, saw Duke Wen off on the north bank of the Wei and thought how he could not see his mother. He said that seeing his mother's brother was as though his mother were there." On examination: the Wei shu says, "The emperor raised a tower in the rear garden for the mother of Zhen Xiang, and named that ward Weiyang." If that is so, the mother of Zhen Xiang was the wife of the emperor's mother's brother, not his mother's mother. And taking Weiyang for the name of a hall also runs against the old history.

《魏略》曰：「何晏字平叔，南陽宛人，漢大將軍進孫也。或云何苗孫也。尚主，又好色，故黃初時無所事任。正始中，曹爽用爲中書，主選舉，宿舊者多得濟拔。爲司馬宣王所誅。」秦丞相《寒食散論》曰：「寒食散之方雖出漢代，而用之者寡，靡有傳焉。魏尚書何晏首獲神效，由是大行於世，服者相尋也。」

The Wei lue says, "He Yan, whose courtesy name was Pingshu, was a man of Wan in Nanyang, the grandson of He Jin, General in Chief of Han. Some say he was the grandson of He Miao. He married a princess and he also loved women, so in the Huangchu years he held no charge. In the Zhengshi years Cao Shuang employed him in the Secretariat with charge of choosing men for office, and many of the older men were drawn up by him. He was put to death by Prince Xuan of Sima." The Hanshi san lun by the chancellor of Qin says, "The recipe for the cold food powder came down from the time of Han, but few used it and nothing of it was handed on. He Yan, Master of Writing of Wei, was the first to get a wondrous effect from it, and from this it spread widely in the world, and those who took it followed one after another."

嵇紹《趙至敘》曰：「至字景眞，代郡人。漢末，其祖流宕客緱氏。令新之官，至年十二，與母共道傍看，母曰：『汝先世非微賤家也，汝後能如此不？』至曰：『可爾耳。』歸便求師誦書，蚤聞父耕叱牛聲，釋書而泣。師問之，答曰：『自傷不能致榮華，而使老父不免勤苦。』年十四，入太學觀，時先君在學寫石經古文，事訖去。遂隨車問先君姓名。先君曰：『年少何以問我？』至曰：『觀君風器非常，故問耳。』先君具告之。至年十五，陽病，數數狂走五里三里，爲家追得，又炙身體十數處。年十六，遂亡命，徑至洛陽，求索先君不得。至鄴，沛國史仲和是魏領軍史渙孫也，至便依之，遂名翼，字陽和。先君到鄴，至具道太學中事，便逐先君歸山陽經年。至長七尺三寸，潔白黑髮，赤脣明目，鬢鬚不多，閒詳安諦，體若不勝衣。先君嘗謂之曰：『卿頭小而鋭，瞳子白黑分明，視瞻停諦，有白起風。』至論議淸辯，有從橫才，然亦不以自長也。孟元基辟爲遼東從事，在郡斷九獄，見稱淸當。自痛棄親遠遊，母亡不見，吐血發病，服未竟而亡。」

Ji Shao's Zhao Zhi xu says, "Zhi, whose courtesy name was Jingzhen, was a man of Daijun. At the end of Han his grandfather drifted and settled as a stranger in Goushi. A new prefect was coming to his post, and Zhi, who was twelve, watched by the roadside with his mother. His mother said, 'Your forebears were no mean house. Could you become such a man hereafter?' Zhi said, 'I could do so.' He went home and at once sought a teacher and recited books, and one morning he heard his father shouting at the ox as he plowed, and he put down his book and wept. His teacher asked him why, and he answered, 'I grieve that I cannot win honor and glory, so that my old father is not freed from his toil.' At fourteen he went into the Imperial Academy to look about him, and at that time my late father was there copying the ancient script of the stone classics, and when the work was done he left. Zhi followed the carriage and asked my late father's name. My late father said, 'You are young. Why do you ask me?' Zhi said, 'I saw that your manner and your bearing were out of the common, and so I ask.' My late father told him fully. At fifteen Zhi feigned illness and often ran wildly three li or five li, and his family caught him and brought him back, and they burned moxa on his body in a dozen places. At sixteen he fled at last and went straight to Luoyang, and he sought my late father but did not find him. When he reached Ye, Shi Zhonghe of Peiguo, who was the grandson of Shi Huan, Commander of the Army of Wei, took him in, and Zhi then took the name Yi and the style Yanghe. When my late father came to Ye, Zhi told him all that had happened at the Imperial Academy, and he followed my late father back to Shanyang and passed a year there. Zhi was seven feet three inches tall, with white skin and black hair, red lips and bright eyes. His side hair and his beard were not thick. He was leisurely and careful, quiet and watchful, and he looked as though his body could not bear his clothes. My late father once said to him, 'Your head is small and pointed, the white and the black of your eyes are clearly marked, and your gaze rests and is steady. You have the manner of Bai Qi.' Zhi was clear and sharp in argument and had a talent for the vertical and the horizontal, yet he did not count himself excellent for it. Meng Yuanji called him to be Attendant Clerk of Liaodong, and in the commandery he decided nine cases and was praised as clear and just. He grieved that he had left his parents and traveled far, and that his mother had died without his seeing her, and he vomited blood and fell ill, and he died before the mourning was over."

嚴尤《三將敘》曰：「白起，平原君勸趙孝成王受馮亭，王曰：『受之，秦兵必至，武安君必將，誰能當之者乎？』對曰：『澠池之會，臣察武安君小頭而面鋭，瞳子白黑分明，視瞻不轉。小頭而面鋭者，敢斷決也；瞳子白黑分明者，見事明也；視瞻不轉者，執志強也。可與持久，難與爭鋒。廉頗爲人，勇鷙而愛士，知難而忍恥，與之野戰則不如，持守足以當之。』王從其計。」

Yan You's San jiang xu says, "Of Bai Qi. The Lord of Pingyuan urged King Xiaocheng of Zhao to accept Feng Ting, and the king said, 'If I accept him the troops of Qin will surely come, and the Lord of Wu'an will surely lead them. Who can stand against him?' He answered, 'At the meeting at Mianchi your servant observed the Lord of Wu'an. His head was small and his face pointed, the white and the black of his eyes were clearly marked, and his gaze did not turn. One whose head is small and whose face is pointed cuts and decides boldly. One the white and black of whose eyes are clearly marked sees affairs clearly. One whose gaze does not turn holds to his purpose firmly. He can be held off for a long while, but it is hard to dispute the point of the sword with him. Lian Po is bold and fierce by nature and cherishes his officers, and he knows a difficulty and can bear shame. In open battle he would be no match for Bai Qi, but for holding and guarding he is enough to stand against him.' The king followed his plan."

《周髀》曰：「夏至，北方二萬六千里，冬至，南方十三萬五千里，日中樹表則無影矣。周髀長八尺，夏至日，晷尺六寸。髀，股也；晷，句也。正南千里，句尺五寸；正北千里，句尺七寸。周髀之書也。」

The Zhoubi says, "At the summer solstice it is twenty-six thousand li to the north, and at the winter solstice a hundred and thirty-five thousand li to the south, and when a rod is set up at midday there is no shadow. The Zhoubi is eight feet long, and on the day of the summer solstice the shadow is one foot six inches. The bi is the thigh and the gui is the hook. A thousand li due south the hook is one foot five inches, and a thousand li due north the hook is one foot seven inches. This is the writing of the Zhoubi."

《呂氏春秋》曰：「黃帝使伶倫自大夏之西、崑崙之陰，取竹之嶰谷生，其竅厚薄均者，斷兩節，閒而吹之，以爲黃鐘之管。製十二笛，以聽鳳凰之鳴。雄鳴六，雌鳴六，以爲律呂。」《續漢書·律暦志》曰：「十二律之變，至於六十，以律候氣。候氣之法：爲室三重，戸閉，塗釁必周，密布緹幔，以木爲案，加律其上，以葭莩灰抑其内，爲氣所動者，其灰散也。以此候之。」

The Lüshi chunqiu says, "The Yellow Emperor sent Ling Lun west of Daxia and north of Kunlun to take bamboo grown in the Xie valley. From a stalk whose bore was even in thickness he cut two joints and blew across the space between, and made of it the pipe of the Yellow Bell. He made twelve flutes and listened to the singing of the phoenixes. The male sang six notes and the female sang six, and from these he made the pitch pipes, six male and six female." The Xu Hanshu, in the treatise on pitch and calendar, says, "The changes of the twelve pitches reach to sixty, and by the pitches the breaths are watched. The method of watching the breaths is this. A chamber is made of three layers and the doors are shut, the plastering and the stopping of chinks are made complete all round, and red hangings are spread close together. A stand is made of wood and the pitches are laid upon it, and the ash of reed membrane is pressed inside them. In the one that the breath has moved, the ash is scattered. By this the breaths are watched."

《魏書》曰：「司馬師字子元，相國宣文侯長子也。以道德淸粹，重於朝廷，爲大將軍、録尚書事。毋丘儉反，師自征之，薨諡景王。」

The Wei shu says, "Sima Shi, whose courtesy name was Ziyuan, was the eldest son of the Chancellor of State, the Marquis Xuanwen. His way and his virtue were pure and unmixed, and the court held him in weight, and he became General in Chief and Manager of the Affairs of the Department of State Affairs. When Guanqiu Jian rebelled, Shi went himself to strike him, and he died, and his posthumous title was King Jing."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「喜字季和，上黨銅鞮人也。少有髙行，研精藝學。宣帝爲相國，辟喜，喜固辭疾。景帝輔政，爲從事中郎，累遷光祿大夫，特進。贈太保。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Xi, whose courtesy name was Jihe, was a man of Tongdi in Shangdang. In his youth he had lofty conduct, and he studied the arts and learning deeply. When Emperor Xuan was Chancellor of State he called Xi, and Xi firmly declined on the ground of illness. When Emperor Jing assisted the government he became Attendant Gentleman, and after several moves he reached Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Specially Advanced. He was granted the title of Grand Guardian."

《魏志》曰：「艾字士載，棘陽人，少爲農人養犢。年十二，隨母至潁川，讀故太丘長碑文曰『言爲世範，行爲士則』。遂名範，字士則。後宗族有同者，故改焉。毎見髙山大澤，輒規度指畫軍營處所，時人多笑焉。後見司馬宣王，三辟爲掾，累遷征西將軍。伐蜀，蜀平，進位太尉。爲衞瓘所害。」

The Wei zhi says, "Ai, whose courtesy name was Shizai, was a man of Jiyang. When he was young he was a farmhand and raised calves. At twelve he followed his mother to Yingchuan, and he read on the stone of the former prefect of Taiqiu the words, 'His speech was a model for the age and his conduct a rule for scholars.' So he took the name Fan and the style Shize. Afterward, because one of his kin had the same name, he changed it. Whenever he saw a high mountain or a great marsh he would at once reckon and point out the places for a camp, and the men of the time often laughed at him. Later he saw Prince Xuan of Sima, who called him three times and made him an officer, and after several moves he became General Who Campaigns in the West. He attacked Shu, and when Shu was brought to order he was advanced to Grand Commandant. He was harmed by Wei Guan."

朱鳳《晉紀》曰：「文王諱昭，字子上，宣帝次子也。」《列仙傳》曰：「陸通者，楚狂接輿也。好養性，遊諸名山。嘗遇孔子而歌曰：『鳳兮鳳兮，何德之衰！往者不可諫，來者猶可追。』後入蜀，在峨嵋山中也。」

Zhu Feng's Jin ji says, "King Wen's taboo name was Zhao and his style was Zishang, and he was the second son of Emperor Xuan." The Liexian zhuan says, "Lu Tong was Jieyu, the madman of Chu. He loved to nourish his nature, and he wandered among the famous mountains. He once met Confucius and sang, 'Phoenix, phoenix, how your virtue has waned! What is gone cannot be set right, but what is coming may still be followed.' Later he went into Shu and stayed among the Emei mountains."

《向秀別傳》曰：「秀字子期，河内人。少爲同郡山濤所知，又與譙國嵇康、東平呂安友善，並有拔俗之韻，其進止無不同，而造事營生業亦不異。常與嵇康偶鍛於洛邑，與呂安灌園於山陽，不慮家之有無，外物不足怫其心。弱冠著儒道論，棄而不録，好事者或存之。或云是其族人所作，困於不行，乃告秀，欲假其名。秀笑曰：『可復爾耳。』後康被誅，秀遂失圖。乃應歳舉，到京師，詣大將軍司馬文王，文王問曰：『聞君有箕山之志，何能自屈？』秀曰：『常謂彼人不達堯意，本非所慕也。』一坐皆説，隨次轉至黃門侍郎、散騎常侍。」

The Xiang Xiu biezhuan says, "Xiu, whose courtesy name was Ziqi, was a man of Henei. In his youth he was known to Shan Tao of his own commandery, and he was close friends with Ji Kang of Qiaoguo and Lü An of Dongping, and all of them had a tone that rose above the common. There was nothing in their coming and going that was not alike, and in the work they set their hands to and the living they made they were no different either. He would work the forge with Ji Kang in Luoyi and water the garden with Lü An in Shanyang, and he did not reckon what the house had or lacked, and outward things were not enough to trouble his heart. At twenty he wrote a treatise weighing the school of the scholars and the school of the Way, but he threw it away and did not keep it, though some who love such things kept a copy. Some say that one of his kin wrote it, and that being troubled because it did not go abroad he told Xiu of it and wished to borrow his name, and that Xiu laughed and said, 'You may do so.' Later, when Kang was put to death, Xiu lost his bearings. He then answered the yearly recommendation and came to the capital, and went to Sima, King Wen, the General in Chief. King Wen asked, 'I have heard that you had the purpose of Mount Ji. How can you bend yourself?' Xiu said, 'I always held that those men did not understand Yao's intent, and they were never what I admired.' The whole company was pleased, and in his turn he moved on to Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate and Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary."

《晉世譜》曰：「世祖諱炎，字安宇，咸熙二年受魏禪。」

The Jin shipu says, "Shizu's taboo name was Yan and his style was Anyu, and in the second year of Xianxi he received the abdication of Wei."

王弼《老子注》云：「一者，數之始，物之極也。各是一物，所以爲主也。各以其一，致此淸、寧、貞。」

Wang Bi, in his notes on the Laozi, says, "The One is the beginning of number and the utmost of things. Each thing is one thing, and so it becomes the master. Each by its One reaches this clearness, this rest, and this constancy."

荀綽《冀州記》曰：「奮字武秋，髙平人，魏太尉寵之孫也。性淸平有識，自吏部郎出爲冀州刺史。」《晉諸公贊》曰：「奮體量淸雅，有曾祖寵之風，遷尚書令，爲荀顗所害。」

Xun Chuo's Jizhou ji says, "Fen, whose courtesy name was Wuqiu, was a man of Gaoping, the grandson of Man Chong, Grand Commandant of Wei. He was pure and even in nature and had discernment, and he went out from Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel to be Inspector of Jizhou." The Jin zhugong zan says, "Fen was pure and elegant in body and in measure, and he had the manner of his great-grandfather Man Chong. He moved to Director of the Department of State Affairs, and was harmed by Xun Yi."

今之水牛，唯生江淮間，故謂之呉牛也。南土多暑，而此牛畏熱，見月疑是日，所以見月則喘。

The water buffalo of today is born only between the Jiang and the Huai, and so it is called the ox of Wu. The southern land has much heat, and this ox fears the heat, and when it sees the moon it takes it for the sun, and so it pants when it sees the moon.

《晉諸公贊》曰：「靚字仲思，琅邪人，司空誕少子也。雅正有才望。誕以壽陽叛，遣靚入質於呉，以靚爲右將軍、大司馬。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Jing, whose courtesy name was Zhongsi, was a man of Langye, the younger son of Zhuge Dan, Minister of Works. He was elegant and upright, and had talent and repute. When Dan rebelled at Shouyang he sent Jing into Wu as a hostage, and Wu made Jing General of the Right and Commander in Chief."

《洪集録》曰：「洪字叔開，呉郡人，有才辯，初仕呉朝。太康中，本州從事，舉秀才。」王隱《晉書》曰：「洪仕至松滋令。」

The Hong jilu says, "Hong, whose courtesy name was Shukai, was a man of Wujun. He had talent and a ready tongue, and he first held office at the court of Wu. In the Taikang years he was Attendant Clerk of his own province and was recommended as a Cultivated Talent." Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Hong rose in office to Prefect of Songzi."

舊説云：「隋侯出行，有蛇斬而中斷者，侯連而續之，蛇遂得生而去。後銜明月珠以報其德，光明照夜同晝，因曰『隋珠』。」左思《蜀都賦》所謂「隋侯鄙其夜光也」。

An old tale says, "The Marquis of Sui was going along the road, and there was a snake that had been cut through in the middle. The marquis joined it and made it whole, and the snake came to life and went away. Later it brought a bright moon pearl in its mouth to repay his kindness, and the brightness of it lit the night like the day, and so it was called 'the pearl of the Marquis of Sui.'" This is what Zuo Si's 'Rhapsody on the Shu Capital' means by the words, "The Marquis of Sui thought lightly of that shining of the night."

按，《孟子》曰：「舜生於諸馮，東夷人也；文王生於岐周，西戎人也。」則東夷是舜非禹也。

On examination: Mencius says, "Shun was born at Zhufeng, and he was a man of the Eastern Yi. King Wen was born at Qizhou, and he was a man of the Western Rong." If that is so, the Eastern Yi is Shun and not Yu.

《尚書》曰：「成周既成，遷殷頑民，作多士。」孔安國注曰：「殷大夫心不則德義之經，故徙於王都，邇教誨也。」

The Shangshu says, "When Chengzhou was finished, the stubborn people of Yin were moved, and the 'Duoshi' was made." Kong Anguo notes, "The great officers of Yin did not take the constant rule of virtue and right as their model in their hearts, so they were moved to the royal capital to be taught close at hand."

按，華令思舉秀才入洛，與王武子相酬對，皆與此言不異，無容二人同有此辭。疑《世説》穿鑿也。

On examination: when Hua Lingsi was recommended as a Cultivated Talent and came into Luoyang, the words he and Wang Wuzi exchanged are in no way different from these, and there is no room for two men to have spoken the same words. It seems that the Shishuo has forced the matter together.

《竹林七賢論》曰：「王濟諸人嘗至洛水解禊事。明日，或問濟曰：『昨遊，有何語議？』濟云云。」

The Zhulin qixian lun says, "Wang Ji and several others once went to the Luo river to perform the purification rite. The next day someone asked Ji, 'What talk and argument was there at yesterday's outing?' and Ji told him this and that."

廣也

This is Yue Guang.

虞預《晉書》曰：「王衍字夷甫，琅邪臨沂人，司徒戎從弟。父乂，平北將軍。夷甫蚤知名，以淸虚通理稱，仕至太尉，爲石勒所害。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Wang Yan, whose courtesy name was Yifu, was a man of Linyi in Langye, the cousin of Wang Rong, Minister over the Masses. His father Wang Yi was General Who Pacifies the North. Yifu was known by name early and was praised as pure and empty and penetrating in principle. He rose in office to Grand Commandant, and was harmed by Shi Le."

《晉惠帝起居注》曰：「裴頠字逸民，河東聞喜人，司空秀之少子也。」《冀州記》曰：「頠弘濟有淸識，稽古善言名理。履行髙整，自少知名。歴侍中、尚書左僕射，爲趙王倫所害。」

The Jin Huidi qijuzhu says, "Pei Wei, whose courtesy name was Yimin, was a man of Wenxi in Hedong, the younger son of Pei Xiu, Minister of Works." The Jizhou ji says, "Wei helped men widely and had a clear discernment. He examined antiquity and spoke well of names and principles. His conduct was lofty and well ordered, and he was known by name from his youth. He served as Palace Attendant and Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and was harmed by Sima Lun, Prince of Zhao."

晉陽秋曰：「華博覽洽聞，無不貫綜。世祖嘗問漢事，及建章千門萬戸。華畫地成圖，應對如流，張安世不能過也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Zhang Hua looked widely and heard much, and there was nothing he did not thread together. Shizu once asked him about the affairs of Han, and about the thousand gates and ten thousand doors of the Jianzhang palace. Hua drew on the ground and made a picture of it, and answered as though water were flowing, and Zhang Anshi could not have gone beyond him."

戎也

This is Wang Rong.

《晉諸公贊》曰：「夷甫好尚談稱，爲時人物所宗。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Yifu loved talk and the praising of men, and he was the head of the men of his time."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「王濟字武子，太原晉陽人，司徒渾第二子也。有俊才，能淸言。起家中書郎，終太僕。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Wang Ji, whose courtesy name was Wuzi, was a man of Jinyang in Taiyuan, the second son of Wang Hun, Minister over the Masses. He had rare talent and was good at pure talk. He began his service as Gentleman of the Secretariat and ended as Chamberlain for the Imperial Stud."

《文士傳》曰：「孫楚字子荊，太原中都人也。」《晉陽秋》曰：「楚，驃騎將軍資之孫，南陽太守弘之子。鄕人王濟，豪俊公子，爲本州大中正，訪問弘爲鄕里品狀，濟曰：『此人非鄕評所能名，吾自狀之曰：「天才英特，亮拔不群。」』仕至馮翊太守。」

The Wenshi zhuan says, "Sun Chu, whose courtesy name was Ziqing, was a man of Zhongdu in Taiyuan." The Jin yangqiu says, "Chu was the grandson of Sun Zi, General of Agile Cavalry, and the son of Sun Hong, Governor of Nanyang. Wang Ji of his own district was a bold and gallant young lord and was Rectifier in Chief of the province, and when he was asked for the district rating of Sun Hong, Ji said, 'This man is not one that the district judgment can put a name to. I will rate him myself and say, "His heaven-given talent is outstanding, and he stands out bright and apart from the crowd."' He rose in office to Governor of Fengyi."

按，《三秦記》、《語林》載蜀人伊籍稱呉土地人物，與此語同。

On examination: the Sanqin ji and the Yulin record how Yi Ji, a man of Shu, praised the land and the men of Wu, and it is the same as these words.

虞預《晉書》曰：「樂廣字彦輔，南陽人。淸夷沖曠，加有理識。累遷侍中、河南尹。在朝廷用心虚淡，時人重其貞貴，代王戎爲尚書令。」《八王故事》曰：「司馬頴字叔度，世祖第十九子，封成都王、大將軍。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Yue Guang, whose courtesy name was Yanfu, was a man of Nanyang. He was pure and calm, open and broad, and he had principle and discernment besides. After several moves he became Palace Attendant and Governor of Henan. At court he kept his mind empty and plain, and the men of the time held his uprightness and his worth in weight, and he took Wang Rong's place as Director of the Department of State Affairs." The Bawang gushi says, "Sima Ying, whose courtesy name was Shudu, was the nineteenth son of Shizu, and was enfeoffed as Prince of Chengdu and made General in Chief."

《晉百官名》曰：「司馬乂字士度，封長沙王。」《八王故事》曰：「世祖第十七子。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Sima Ai, whose courtesy name was Shidu, was enfeoffed as Prince of Changsha." The Bawang gushi says, "He was the seventeenth son of Shizu."

《晉陽秋》曰：「成都王之起兵，長沙王猜廣，廣曰：『寧以一女而易五男？』乂猶疑之，遂以憂卒。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "When the Prince of Chengdu raised troops, the Prince of Changsha grew suspicious of Guang, and Guang said, 'Would I rather trade five sons for one daughter?' Ai doubted him all the same, and in the end he died of his cares."

《晉陽秋》曰：「機字士衡，呉郡人。祖遜，呉丞相。父抗，大司馬。機與弟雲並有俊才。司空張華見而説之，曰：『平呉之利，在獲二俊。』」《機別傳》曰：「博學善屬文，非禮不動。入晉，仕著作郎，至平原内史。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Ji, whose courtesy name was Shiheng, was a man of Wujun. His grandfather Lu Xun was Chancellor of Wu and his father Lu Kang was Commander in Chief. Ji and his younger brother Yun both had rare talent. Zhang Hua, Minister of Works, saw them and was delighted, and said, 'The profit of bringing Wu to order lies in getting these two fine men.'" The Ji biezhuan says, "He learned widely and wrote well, and he did not stir except by the rites. He came into Jin and served as Gentleman of the Palace Library, and rose to Clerk of the Interior of Pingyuan."

俗傳行瘧鬼小，多不病巨人。故光武嘗謂景丹曰：「嘗聞壯士不病瘧，大將軍反病瘧耶？」

It is handed down among the people that the demon of the cruel fever is small, and that it mostly cannot make a great man ill. So Emperor Guangwu once said to Jing Dan, "I have heard that a stout fellow does not suffer the cruel fever. How is it that the General in Chief suffers it after all?"

《晉百官名》曰：「崔豹字正熊，燕國人，惠帝時官至太傅丞。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Cui Bao, whose courtesy name was Zhengxiong, was a man of the state of Yan, and in the time of Emperor Hui he rose in office to Assistant to the Grand Mentor."

朱鳳《晉書》曰：「帝諱叡，字景文。祖伷，封琅邪王，父恭王瑾嗣。帝襲爵爲琅邪王。少而明惠，因亂過江起義，遂即皇帝位。諡法曰：『始建國都曰元。』」

Zhu Feng's Jin shu says, "The emperor's taboo name was Rui and his style was Jingwen. His grandfather Sima Zhou was enfeoffed as Prince of Langye, and his father, King Gong, Sima Jin, followed him. The emperor succeeded to the rank and became Prince of Langye. He was bright and wise as a boy, and in the disorder he crossed the river and raised a righteous cause, and in the end he took the place of emperor. The rule of posthumous titles says, 'To found the capital of a state for the first time is called Yuan.'"

《帝王世紀》曰：「殷祖乙徙耿，爲河所毀，今河東皮氏耿鄕是也。盤庚五遷，復南居亳，今景亳是也。」

The Diwang shiji says, "Zu Yi of Yin moved to Geng, and it was destroyed by the He river, and this is the village of Geng in Pishi of Hedong today. Pan Geng moved five times and again lived at Bo to the south, and this is Jingbo today."

《春秋傳》曰：「武王克商，遷九鼎於洛邑。」今之偃師是也。

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "King Wu overcame Shang and moved the nine cauldrons to Luoyi." This is Yanshi today.

虞預《晉書》曰：「周顗字伯仁，汝南安城人，揚州刺史浚長子也。」《晉陽秋》曰：「顗有風流才氣，少知名，正體嶷然，儕輩不敢媟也。汝南賁泰淵通淸操之士，嘗歎曰：『汝潁固多賢士，自頃陵遲，雅道殆衰，今復見周伯仁。伯仁將祛舊風，淸我邦族矣。』舉寒素，累遷尚書僕射，爲王敦所害。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Zhou Yi, whose courtesy name was Boren, was a man of Ancheng in Runan, the eldest son of Zhou Jun, Inspector of Yangzhou." The Jin yangqiu says, "Yi had style and spirit and was known by name in his youth, and he held himself so straight and towering that those of his own age did not dare to make free with him. Ben Tai of Runan was a scholar of broad understanding and pure principle, and he once sighed and said, 'The lands of the Ru and the Ying always had many worthy scholars, but of late they have sunk and crumbled and the elegant way has all but waned. Now Zhou Boren is seen again. Boren will shake out the old manner and make this district of ours pure.' He was recommended in the cold and plain class, and after several moves he became Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and was harmed by Wang Dun."

《丹陽記》曰：「新亭，呉舊立，先基崩淪。隆安中，丹陽尹司馬恢之徙創今地。」

The Danyang ji says, "Xinting was set up in the time of Wu, and the earlier foundation fell into ruin. In the Long'an years Sima Huizhi, Governor of Danyang, moved it and built it anew on its present site."

顗。

This is Zhou Yi.

導也

This is Wang Dao.

《春秋傳》曰：「楚伐鄭，諸侯救之。鄭執鄖公鍾儀獻晉，景公觀軍府，見而問之曰：『南冠而縶者爲誰？』有司對曰：『楚囚也。』使稅之。問其族，對曰：『伶人也。』『能爲樂乎？』曰：『先父之職，敢有二事。』與之琴，操南音。范文子曰：『楚囚，君子也。樂操土風，不忘舊也。君盍歸之？以合晉楚之成。』」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Chu attacked Zheng, and the feudal lords came to its rescue. Zheng seized Zhong Yi, Lord of Yun, and presented him to Jin. Duke Jing was looking over the storehouse of the camp when he saw him and asked, 'Who is the man in the southern cap, bound there?' The officer in charge answered, 'He is a prisoner of Chu.' The duke had him set loose. He asked about his family, and the man answered, 'We are musicians.' 'Can you make music?' He said, 'It was my late father's office. Would I dare to have another?' They gave him a zither, and he played a southern air. Fan Wenzi said, 'This prisoner of Chu is a gentleman. In his music he plays the air of his own country, and so he has not forgotten what is old. Why does my lord not send him home, and make peace between Jin and Chu by it?'"

《晉諸公贊》曰：「衞玠字叔寶，河東安邑人。祖父瓘，太尉。父恆，黃門侍郎。」《玠別傳》曰：「玠穎識通達，天韻標令，陳郡謝幼輿敬以亞父之禮。論者以爲出王眉子、平子、武子之右。世咸謂『諸王三子，不如衞家一兒』。娶樂廣女。裴叔道曰：『妻父有冰淸之姿，婿有璧潤之望，所謂秦晉之匹也。』爲太子洗馬。永嘉四年，南至江夏，與兄別於梁里澗，語曰：『在三之義，人之所重，今日忠臣致身之道，可不勉乎？』行至豫章，乃卒。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Wei Jie, whose courtesy name was Shubao, was a man of Anyi in Hedong. His grandfather Wei Guan was Grand Commandant, and his father Wei Heng was Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate." The Jie biezhuan says, "Jie's keen discernment ran through all things, and his natural tone was marked and fine, so that Xie Youyu of Chenjun honored him with the rites due to one next after a father. Those who weighed men held that he came out above Wang Meizi, Wang Pingzi, and Wang Wuzi. Everyone in the world said, 'The three sons of the Wang houses are not equal to the one boy of the Wei house.' He married the daughter of Yue Guang, and Pei Shudao said, 'The wife's father has the bearing of clear ice and the son in law has the look of glossy jade. This is what is called a match of Qin and Jin.' He became Aide to the Crown Prince. In the fourth year of Yongjia he went south as far as Jiangxia, and parting from his elder brother at the Liangli gully he said, 'The right of the three services is what men hold in weight. Shall we not strive today in the way by which a true subject gives his life?' He came as far as Yuzhang, and there he died."

《顧和別傳》曰：「和字君孝，呉郡人。祖容，呉荊州刺史。父相，晉臨海太守。和總角知名，族人顧榮雅相器愛，曰『此吾家之騏驥也，必振衰族。』累遷尚書令。」

The Gu He biezhuan says, "He, whose courtesy name was Junxiao, was a man of Wujun. His grandfather Gu Rong (Rong 容) was Inspector of Jingzhou under Wu, and his father Gu Xiang was Governor of Linhai under Jin. He was known by name from his boyhood, and Gu Rong (Rong 榮) of his own kin prized him greatly as a vessel and said, 'This is the thousand li horse of our house. He will surely raise up a waning clan.' After several moves he became Director of the Department of State Affairs."

顧榮

This is Gu Rong.

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「導與元帝有布衣之好，知中國將亂，勸帝渡江，求爲安東司馬，政皆決之，號『仲父』。晉中興之功，導實居其首。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Dao and Emperor Yuan were friends from their days in hempen clothes, and knowing that the central land would fall into disorder he urged the emperor to cross the river. He asked to be made Adjutant to the Pacifier of the East, and all government was decided by him, and he was called 'the second father.' In the merit of the restoration of Jin, Dao truly stood first."

賀循別見

He Xun is treated separately.

《爾雅》曰：「東南之美者，有會稽之竹箭焉。」

The Erya says, "Among the beautiful things of the southeast there are the bamboo arrow shafts of Kuaiji."

王隱《晉書》曰：「琨字越石，中山魏昌人。祖邁，有經國之才。父璠，光祿大夫。琨少稱俊朗，累遷司徒長史、尚書右丞。迎大駕於長安，以有殊勳，封廣武侯。年三十五，出爲并州刺史，爲段日磾所害。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Kun, whose courtesy name was Yueshi, was a man of Weichang in Zhongshan. His grandfather Liu Mai had the talent to govern a state, and his father Liu Fan was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Kun was praised in his youth as outstanding and bright, and after several moves he became Chief Clerk to the Minister over the Masses and Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs. He met the imperial carriage at Chang'an, and for his signal merit he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangwu. At thirty-five he went out as Inspector of Bingzhou, and was harmed by Duan Ridi."

《漢書·敘傳》曰：「彪字叔皮，扶風人，客於天水。隴西隗囂有窺覦之志，彪作《王命論》以諷之。」《東觀漢記》曰：「馬援字文淵，茂陵人。從公孫述、隗囂遊，後見光武曰：『天下反覆，盜名字者不可勝數，今見陛下寥廓大度，同符髙祖，乃知帝王自有眞也。』帝甚壯之。」

The Han shu, in the postface to the biographies, says, "Biao, whose courtesy name was Shupi, was a man of Fufeng, and he lived as a guest in Tianshui. Wei Ao of Longxi had thoughts of seizing power, and Biao wrote the 'Discourse on the Mandate of Kings' to admonish him." The Dongguan Han ji says, "Ma Yuan, whose courtesy name was Wenyuan, was a man of Maoling. He traveled in the following of Gongsun Shu and Wei Ao, and later he saw Guangwu and said, 'The empire is overturned, and those who steal a name are past counting. Now that I see Your Majesty's wide and great measure matching Gaozu like the halves of a tally, I know that among emperors and kings there is a true one.' The emperor thought him very stout."

虞預《晉書》曰：「嶠字太眞，太原祁人。少標俊淸徹，英穎顯名，爲司空劉琨左司馬。是時二都傾覆，天下大亂，琨聞元皇受命中興，慷慨幽朔，志存本朝。使嶠奉使，嶠喟然對曰：『嶠雖乏管張之才，而明公有桓文之志，敢辭不敏，以違髙旨？』以左長史奉使勸進，累遷驃騎大將軍。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Qiao, whose courtesy name was Taizhen, was a man of Qi in Taiyuan. In his youth he was marked and outstanding, pure and clear, brilliant and keen, and his name stood out, and he became Adjutant of the Left to Liu Kun, Minister of Works. At this time the two capitals had fallen and the empire was in great disorder, and when Kun heard that Emperor Yuan had received the mandate and restored the house, he burned with feeling in the far north, and his purpose lay with the court of his own house. He sent Qiao out on a mission, and Qiao sighed deeply and answered, 'I lack the talent of Guan Zhong and Zhang Liang, but Your Lordship has the purpose of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin. How should I dare to plead that I am not quick, and go against your lofty intent?' He went on the mission as Chief Clerk of the Left to urge the emperor to take the throne, and after several moves he became Grand General of Agile Cavalry."

《史記》曰：「管仲夷吾者，潁上人。相齊桓公，九合諸侯，一匡天下。」《語林》曰：「初温奉使勸進，晉王大集賓客見之。温公始入，姿形甚陋，合坐盡驚。既坐，陳説九服分崩，皇室弛絶，晉王君臣莫不歔欷。及言天下不可以無主，聞者莫不踴躍，植髮穿冠。王丞相深相付託。温公既見丞相，便遊樂不住，曰『既見管仲，天下事無復憂。』」

The Shiji says, "Guan Zhong, whose name was Yiwu, was a man from the banks of the Ying. He served as minister to Duke Huan of Qi, gathered the feudal lords nine times, and set the empire right at a stroke." The Yulin says, "When Wen first came on his mission to urge the emperor to the throne, the King of Jin gathered his guests in numbers to see him. When Lord Wen first came in, his figure was very mean, and the whole company was startled. When he had taken his seat he set out how the nine regions were breaking apart and how the imperial house had slackened and was cut off, and there was no one among the King of Jin and his officers who did not sob. When he came to say that the empire cannot be without a ruler, there was no one who heard him who did not leap up, and their hair stood and pushed through their caps. Wang, the Chancellor, entrusted himself deeply to him. When Lord Wen had seen the Chancellor he could not stop rejoicing, and said, 'Now that I have seen Guan Zhong, there is nothing more to fear in the affairs of the empire.'"

《含別傳》曰：「含字處弘，琅邪臨沂人。累遷徐州刺史、光祿勳，與弟敦作逆，伏誅。」

The Han biezhuan says, "Wang Han, whose courtesy name was Chuhong, was a man of Linyi in Langye. After several moves he became Inspector of Xuzhou and Chamberlain for Attendants, and he joined his younger brother Dun in treason and was put to death."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「初，王導協贊中興，敦有方面之功。敦以劉隗爲閒己，舉兵討之。故含南奔武昌，朝廷始警備也。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "At first Wang Dao helped the restoration, and Dun had merit in holding a region. Dun said that Liu Wei stood in his way, and he raised troops to strike him. So Han fled south to Wuchang, and the court first set a guard."

《中興書》曰：「導從兄敦，舉兵討劉隗，導率子弟二十餘人，旦旦到公車，泥首謝罪。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Dao's cousin Dun raised troops to strike Liu Wei, and Dao led more than twenty of his sons and younger kinsmen to the Gongche gate day after day, putting their heads in the mud and begging pardon."

《漢書》曰：「朱博字子元，杜陵人。爲丞相，臨拜，延登受策，有大聲如鐘鳴。上問揚雄，李尋對曰：『洪範所謂鼓妖者也。人君不聰，空名得進，則有無形之聲。』博後坐事自殺。」《故序傳》曰：「博之翰音，鼓妖先作。」《易·中孚》曰：「上九，翰音登於天，貞凶。」王弼注曰：「翰，髙飛也。飛者，音飛而實不從也。」

The Han shu says, "Zhu Bo, whose courtesy name was Ziyuan, was a man of Duling. When he became Chancellor and came up to be appointed, he was led up to receive the writ, and there was a great sound like the ringing of a bell. The emperor asked Yang Xiong about it, and Li Xun answered, 'This is what the Hongfan calls the drum portent. When a ruler is not clear of hearing and empty names advance, there is a sound without a shape.' Bo was later caught in an affair and killed himself." The Gu xuzhuan says, "At Bo's crowing the drum portent rose first." The Yi, in the Zhongfu hexagram, says, "In the top nine, the crowing rises to heaven. Even in uprightness there is ill fortune." Wang Bi notes, "Han is to fly high. What flies has a sound that flies, but the substance does not follow it."

《髙坐別傳》曰：「和尚胡名尸黎密，西域人。傳云國王子，以國讓弟，遂爲沙門。永嘉中，始到此土，止於大市中。和尚天姿髙朗，風韻遒邁。丞相王公一見奇之，以爲吾之徒也。周僕射領選，撫其背而歎曰：『若選得此賢，令人無恨。』俄而周侯遇害，和尚對其靈坐，作胡祝數千言，音聲髙暢，既而揮涕收涙，其哀樂廢興皆此類。性髙簡，不學晉語。諸公與之言，皆因傳譯。然神領意得，頓在言前。」《塔寺記》曰：「尸黎密冢曰髙坐，在石子岡。常行頭陀，卒於梅岡，即葬焉。晉元帝於冢邊立寺，因名髙坐。」

The Gaozuo biezhuan says, "The monk's foreign name was Shilimi, and he was a man of the Western Regions. It is handed down that he was the son of a king, and that he gave up the kingdom to his younger brother and became a shramana. In the Yongjia years he first came to this land and stayed in the great market. The monk was lofty and bright in his natural gifts, and his manner and tone were firm and outstanding. Lord Wang, the Chancellor, saw him once and thought him remarkable, and said that he was one of their own kind. When Zhou, the Vice Director, had charge of choosing men for office, he stroked his back and sighed and said, 'If this worthy man could be chosen, a man would have nothing left to regret.' Soon afterward the Marquis of Zhou was harmed, and the monk sat facing his spirit seat and spoke several thousand words of blessing in the foreign tongue, and his voice was high and clear. Then he shed tears and dried them, and the rising and the passing of his sorrow and his joy were all of this kind. He was lofty and spare by nature and did not learn the speech of Jin. When the various lords spoke with him it was always through an interpreter, yet he took their meaning with his spirit and got their intent, and he was there before the words." The Tasi ji says, "The tomb of Shilimi is called Gaozuo, and it is on Shizi hill. He always kept the austere discipline of the dhuta, and he died at Meigang and was buried there. Emperor Yuan of Jin set up a temple beside the tomb, and from this it was named Gaozuo."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「伯仁儀容弘偉，善於俛仰應答，精神足以蔭映數人。深自持，能致人，而未嘗往焉。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Boren's bearing was large and splendid, and he was good at bending and looking up and at answering, and his spirit was enough to overshadow several men. He held himself deeply and could draw men to him, yet he never went to another man."

《涅槃經》云：「如來背痛，於雙樹閒北首而臥，故後之圖繪者爲此象。」

The Nirvana Sutra says, "The Thus Come One had a pain in his back, and he lay down between the twin trees with his head to the north. So those who made pictures afterward made this image."

《摯氏世本》曰：「瞻字景游，京兆長安人，太常虞兄子也。父育，涼州刺史。瞻少善屬文，起家著作郎。中朝亂，依王敦爲戸曹參軍。歴安豐、新蔡、西陽太守。見敦以故壞裘賜老病外部都督。瞻諫曰『尊裘雖故，不宜與小吏。』敦曰：『何爲不可？』瞻時因醉，曰：『若上服皆可用賜，貂蟬亦可賜下乎？』敦曰：『非喩，所引如此，不堪二千石。』瞻曰：『瞻視去西陽，如脱屣耳！』敦反，乃左遷隨郡内史。」

The Zhishi shiben says, "Zhan, whose courtesy name was Jingyou, was a man of Chang'an in Jingzhao, the nephew of Zhi Yu, Chamberlain for Ceremonials. His father Zhi Yu (Yu 育) was Inspector of Liangzhou. Zhan wrote well when he was young, and he began his service as Gentleman of the Palace Library. When the central land fell into disorder he attached himself to Wang Dun and became Aide of the Revenue Section, and he served as Governor of Anfeng, Xincai, and Xiyang. He saw Dun give a worn fur robe to an old and ailing commander of an outer force, and he remonstrated, saying, 'Your honored robe is worn, but it should not be given to a petty officer.' Dun said, 'Why should it not?' Zhan, being then in his cups, said, 'If a garment from above may all be given away, may the sable and the cicada be given to those below as well?' Dun said, 'That is no comparison. Since you draw a likeness of this kind, you are not fit for two thousand piculs.' Zhan said, 'Leaving Xiyang is no more to me than slipping off a shoe.' When Dun rebelled he demoted him to Clerk of the Interior of Suijun."

《摯氏世本》曰：「瞻髙亮有氣節，故以此答敦。後知敦有異志。建興四年，與第五琦據荊州以距敦，竟爲所害。」《史記》曰：「甘羅，秦相茂之孫也。年十二，而秦相呂不韋欲使張唐相燕，唐不肯行，甘羅説而行之。又請車五乘以使趙，還報秦，秦封甘羅爲上卿，賜以甘茂田宅。」

The Zhishi shiben says, "Zhan was lofty and bright and had spirit and principle, and so he answered Dun in this way. Later he knew that Dun had other designs. In the fourth year of Jianxing he held Jingzhou together with Diwu Qi to keep Dun off, and in the end he was harmed by him." The Shiji says, "Gan Luo was the grandson of Gan Mao, Chancellor of Qin. When he was twelve, Lü Buwei, Chancellor of Qin, wished to send Zhang Tang to be chancellor of Yan, and Tang would not go, and Gan Luo talked him round and made him go. He also asked for five carriages and went as envoy to Zhao, and when he returned and reported to Qin, Qin enfeoffed Gan Luo as a High Minister and gave him the fields and the house of Gan Mao."

王隱《晉書》曰：「孔坦字君平，會稽山陰人。善《春秋》，有文辯。厯太子舍人，累遷廷尉卿。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Kong Tan, whose courtesy name was Junping, was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji. He was good at the Chunqiu and had skill in writing and in argument. He served as Gentleman of the Household of the Crown Prince, and after several moves he became Commandant of Justice."

《孔氏譜》曰：「沈字德度，會稽山陰人。祖父奕，全椒令。父群，鴻臚卿。沈至琅邪王文學。」

The Kongshi pu says, "Shen, whose courtesy name was Dedu, was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji. His grandfather Kong Yi was Prefect of Quanjiao and his father Kong Qun was Chamberlain for Dependencies. Shen rose to Instructor to the Prince of Langye."

《劉向別録》曰：「晏平仲名嬰，東萊夷維人。事齊靈公、莊公，以節儉力行重於齊。」《禮記》曰：「晏平仲祀其先人，豚肩不掩豆，君子以爲儉也。」又曰：「晏子一狐裘三十年，晏子焉知禮？」注：「豚，俎實也。豆，徑尺。言併豚之兩肩不能掩豆，喩少也。」

The Liu Xiang bielu says, "Yan Pingzhong's name was Ying, and he was a man of Yiwei in Donglai. He served Duke Ling and Duke Zhuang of Qi, and he was held in weight in Qi for his thrift and his vigorous practice." The Liji says, "When Yan Pingzhong sacrificed to his forebears the shoulder of the pig did not cover the stand, and the gentleman held him thrifty." It also says, "Yanzi wore one fox robe for thirty years. How should Yanzi know the rites?" The note says, "The tun is what is put in the vessel. The dou is a foot across. To say that both shoulders of the pig together could not cover the vessel is a figure for how little it was."

《澄別傳》曰：「道人佛圖澄，不知何許人，出於燉煌，好佛道，出家爲沙門。永嘉中，至洛陽，値京師有難，潛遁草澤間。石勒雄異好殺害，因勒大將軍郭默略見勒。以麻油塗掌，占見吉凶。數百里外聽浮圖鈴聲，逆知禍福。勒甚敬信之。虎即位，亦師澄，號大和尚。自知終日，開棺無屍，唯袈裟法服在焉。」

The Cheng biezhuan says, "Of the man of the Way Fotucheng none knows where he came from, but he came out of Dunhuang. He loved the way of the Buddha, and he left his house and became a shramana. In the Yongjia years he came to Luoyang, and finding the capital in trouble he hid himself among the grasses and the marshes. Shi Le was outstanding and out of the common but loved killing, so Cheng came to see Le through Guo Molüe, Le's General in Chief. He would rub hemp oil on his palm and see good and ill fortune in it, and he could hear the bells of a pagoda several hundred li away and know disaster and blessing beforehand. Le honored and trusted him greatly. When Hu came to the throne he too made Cheng his teacher and called him the Great Monk. He knew himself the day of his death, and when his coffin was opened there was no body in it, only his robe and his vestments."

《趙書》曰：「虎字季龍，勒從弟也。征伐毎斬將搴旗。勒死，誅勒諸兒，襲位。」《莊子》曰：「海上之人好鷗者，毎旦之海上，從鷗遊，鷗之至者數百而不止。其父曰『吾聞鷗鳥從汝遊，取來玩之。』明日之海上，鷗舞而不下。」

The Zhao shu says, "Hu, whose courtesy name was Jilong, was Le's cousin. In every campaign he cut down the enemy generals and pulled up their standards. When Le died he killed Le's sons and took the throne." The Zhuangzi says, "There was a man by the sea who loved gulls, and every morning he went down to the sea and played with the gulls, and the gulls that came to him were hundreds and did not stop coming. His father said, 'I hear that the gulls follow you about. Bring some back for me to play with.' The next day he went down to the sea, and the gulls danced above him and would not come down."

鯤子別見

He is the son of Xie Kun, and is treated separately.

《晉陽秋》曰：「謝尚字仁祖，陳郡人，鯤之子也。齠齔喪兄，哀慟過人。及遭父喪，温嶠唁之，尚號叫極哀。既而收涕告訴，有異常童。嶠奇之，由是知名，仕至鎭西將軍、豫州刺史。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Xie Shang, whose courtesy name was Renzu, was a man of Chenjun, the son of Kun. He lost his elder brother while he was still losing his milk teeth, and he grieved beyond what others do. When his father died, Wen Qiao came to condole with him, and Shang cried aloud in the deepest grief. Then he dried his tears and spoke to him, and there was that in him which was not as in an ordinary child. Qiao thought him remarkable, and from this he was known by name. He rose in office to General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Yuzhou."

《陶氏敘》曰：「侃字士衡，其先鄱陽人，後徙尋陽。侃少有遠概綱維宇宙之志。察孝廉入洛，司空張華見而謂曰：『後來匡主寧民，君其人也。』劉弘鎭沔南，取爲長史，謂侃曰：『昔吾爲羊太傅參佐，見語云：「君後當居身處。」今相觀，亦復然矣。』累遷湘廣荊三州刺史，加羽葆鼓吹，封長沙郡公、大將軍。贊拜不名，劍履上殿。進太尉，贈大司馬，諡桓公。」按，王隱《晉書》載侃臨終表曰：「臣少長孤寒，始願有限，過蒙先朝厯世異恩。臣年垂八十，位極人臣，啓手啓足，當復何恨！但以餘寇未誅，山陵未復，所以憤慨兼懷，唯此而已！猶冀犬馬之齒，尚可少延，欲爲陛下北呑石虎，西誅李雄，勢遂不振，良圖永息。臨書振腕，涕泗橫流。伏願遴選代人，使必得良才，足以奉宣王猷，遵成志業。則雖死之日，猶生之年。」有表若此，非無獻替。

The Taoshi xu says, "Kan, whose courtesy name was Shiheng, had forebears who were men of Poyang, and later they moved to Xunyang. In his youth Kan had a far reaching spirit and the purpose of holding the universe in his net. He was examined as Filial and Incorrupt and came to Luoyang, and Zhang Hua, Minister of Works, saw him and said to him, 'The man who will set the sovereign right and bring peace to the people hereafter is you.' When Liu Hong was guarding Miannan he took him as Chief Clerk and said to Kan, 'Long ago, when I was an aide to Grand Mentor Yang, he said to me, "You will one day be in my place." Now that I look at you, it is so again.' After several moves he became Inspector of the three provinces of Xiang, Guang, and Jing, and the feather canopy and the drums and pipes were added to him, and he was enfeoffed as Duke of Changsha commandery and made General in Chief. At audience his name was not called out, and he was allowed to come up into the hall with his sword and his shoes on. He advanced to Grand Commandant, was granted the title of Commander in Chief, and his posthumous name was Duke Huan." On examination: Wang Yin's Jin shu records the memorial Kan sent up as he came to his death, and it says, "Your servant grew up orphaned and poor, and what he hoped for at the first had its limits, yet he has received beyond measure the rare favor of the former court through several reigns. Your servant is near eighty and his place is the highest among the servants of the sovereign, and as he opens his hands and opens his feet, what is there left to regret? Only the brigands that remain are not cut down and the imperial tombs are not recovered, and this alone holds his anger and his grief together. He hoped still that his dog and horse years might be stretched a little, so that he might swallow Shi Hu in the north and cut down Li Xiong in the west for Your Majesty. But his strength failed in the end, and his good plans have ceased forever. As he faces this letter his wrist shakes, and his tears and his running nose flow across it. He bows down and begs that a man be chosen with care to take his place, and that a man of true worth be got, one able to spread abroad the sovereign's design and to carry this purpose and this work through. Then, though it be the day of his death, it will be as a year of his life." With such a memorial as this, there was no lack of counsel.

《呂氏春秋》曰：「管仲病，桓公問曰：『子如不諱，誰代子相者？豎刁何如？』管仲曰『自宮以事君，非人情，必不可用！』後果亂齊。」

The Lüshi chunqiu says, "When Guan Zhong was ill, Duke Huan asked him, 'If you should not recover, who will be chancellor in your place? What of Shu Diao?' Guan Zhong said, 'To make oneself a eunuch in order to serve one's lord is not in human feeling. He must not be used.' Later he did indeed throw Qi into disorder."

《髙逸沙門傳》曰：「法師居會稽，皇帝重其風德，遣使迎焉，法師暫出應命。司徒會稽王天性虚澹，與法師結殷勤之歡。師雖升履丹墀，出入朱邸，泯然曠達，不異蓬宇也。」

The Gaoyi shamen zhuan says, "The master of the law lived in Kuaiji, and the emperor held his manner and his virtue in weight and sent a messenger to bring him, and the master came out for a while in answer to the command. The Prince of Kuaiji, Minister over the Masses, was empty and plain by nature, and he bound himself to the master in warm friendship. Though the master trod the cinnabar steps and went in and out of the vermilion mansions, he was so free of any trace of it, so open and unbound, that it was no different from a hut of wormwood."

別見。

Treated separately.

《中興書》曰：「盛字安國，太原中都人。博學強識，厯著作郎，瀏陽令。庾亮爲荊州，以爲征西主簿，累遷祕書監。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Sheng, whose courtesy name was Anguo, was a man of Zhongdu in Taiyuan. He learned widely and remembered well, and he served as Gentleman of the Palace Library and Prefect of Liuyang. When Yu Liang was in Jingzhou he made him Recorder to the Campaigner of the West, and after several moves he became Director of the Palace Library."

《晉百官名》曰：「孫潛字齊由，太原人。」《中興書》曰：「潛，盛長子也。豫章太守殷仲堪下討王國寶，潛時在郡，逼爲咨議參軍，固辭不就，遂以憂卒。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Sun Qian, whose courtesy name was Qiyou, was a man of Taiyuan." The Zhongxing shu says, "Qian was Sheng's eldest son. When Yin Zhongkan, Governor of Yuzhang, went down to strike Wang Guobao, Qian was then in the commandery, and they pressed him to be Consultant Aide. He firmly declined and would not take it, and in the end he died of his cares."

《孫放別傳》曰：「放字齊莊，監君次子也。年八歳，太尉庾公召見之。放淸秀，欲觀試，乃授紙筆令書，放便自疎名字。公題後問之曰：『爲欲慕莊周邪？』放書答曰：『意欲慕之。』公曰：『何故不慕仲尼而慕莊周？』放曰：『仲尼生而知之，非希企所及；至於莊周，是其次者，故慕耳。』公謂賓客曰：『王輔嗣應答，恐不能勝之。』卒長沙王相。」

The Sun Fang biezhuan says, "Fang, whose courtesy name was Qizhuang, was the second son of the Director. At eight, Lord Yu, the Grand Commandant, called him in and saw him. Fang was clear and fine, and wishing to look at him and test him Lord Yu gave him paper and brush and had him write, and Fang at once wrote out his own name and style. Lord Yu set a heading after it and asked him, 'Is it Zhuang Zhou that you wish to look up to?' Fang wrote in answer, 'It is my intent to look up to him.' Lord Yu said, 'Why do you not look up to Zhongni, and look up to Zhuang Zhou instead?' Fang said, 'Zhongni knew from birth, and he is not one that longing can reach. As for Zhuang Zhou, he is the next after him, and so I look up to him.' Lord Yu said to his guests, 'Even Wang Fusi's answers, I fear, could not beat this.' He ended as Chancellor to the Prince of Changsha."

敷別見。《續晉陽秋》曰：「張玄之字祖希，呉郡太守澄之孫也。少以學顯，厯吏部尚書，出爲冠軍將軍、呉興太守。會稽内史謝玄同時之郡，論者以爲南北之望。玄之名亞謝玄，時亦稱『南北二玄』，卒於郡。」

Gu Fu is treated separately. The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Zhang Xuanzhi, whose courtesy name was Zuxi, was the grandson of Zhang Chengzhi, Governor of Wujun. He was known for his learning while young, and he served as Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, and went out as General Who Crowns the Army and Governor of Wuxing. Xie Xuan, Clerk of the Interior of Kuaiji, was in his own commandery at the same time, and those who weighed men called them the hope of the south and of the north. Xuanzhi's name stood next to Xie Xuan's, and so the time also called them 'the two Xuan, of the south and the north.' He died in his commandery."

《大智度論》曰：「佛在陰菴羅雙樹閒入般涅槃，臥北首，大地震動。諸三學人，僉然不樂，郁伊交涕。諸無學人，但念諸法，一切無常。」

The Da zhidu lun says, "The Buddha entered the great nirvana between the shaded amra twin trees, lying with his head to the north, and the great earth shook. All those in the three trainings were unhappy and wept in their distress. Those who were past learning thought only that all things are without permanence."

法畼氏族所出未詳。法畼著《人物論》，自敘其美云：「悟鋭有神，才辭通辯。」

The clan of Fachang and where he came from are not known in detail. Fachang wrote the Renwu lun, and setting out his own fineness in it he said, "His understanding is keen and he has spirit, and his talent and his words run through, and he argues well."

《庾翼別傳》曰：「翼字穉恭，潁川鄢陵人也。少有大度、時論以經略許之。兄太尉亮薨、朝議推才，乃以翼都督七州。進征南將軍、荊州刺史。」

The Yu Yi biezhuan says, "Yi, whose courtesy name was Zhigong, was a man of Yanling in Yingchuan. In his youth he had great measure, and those who weighed men in his time granted him the talent to govern a state. When his elder brother Yu Liang, the Grand Commandant, died, the court weighed talent and gave Yi command over seven provinces. He advanced to General Who Campaigns in the South and Inspector of Jingzhou."

傅咸《羽扇賦》序曰：「昔呉人直截鳥翼而搖之，風不減方圓二扇，而功無加，然中國莫有生意者。滅呉之後，翕然貴之，無人不用。」按，庾懌以白羽扇獻武帝，帝嫌其非新，反之，不聞翼也。

The preface to Fu Xian's 'Rhapsody on the Feather Fan' says, "Long ago the men of Wu cut a bird's wing straight and waved it, and the wind of it was not less than that of a square or a round fan, and it took no more labor, yet no one in the central land had the thought of making one. After Wu was destroyed they valued it all at once, and there was no one who did not use it." On examination: it was Yu Yi, Zhigong's brother, who presented a white feather fan to Emperor Wu, and the emperor disliked it because it was not new and sent it back. Nothing is heard of Zhigong in this.

《文字志》曰：「劭，字彦祖，彭城叢亭人。祖訥，司隸校尉。父松，成皋令。劭博識好學，多藝能，善草隸。初仕領軍參軍，太傅出東，劭謂京洛必危，乃單馬奔揚州。歴侍中、豫章太守。」

The Wenzi zhi says, "Shao, whose courtesy name was Yanzu, was a man of Congting in Pengcheng. His grandfather Liu Ne was Colonel Director of Retainers and his father Liu Song was Prefect of Chenggao. Shao knew much and loved learning, he had many skills, and he wrote the draft and the clerical hands well. He first served as Aide to the Commander of the Army, and when the Grand Mentor went east, Shao held that the capital would surely be in danger, and he rode off alone to Yangzhou. He served as Palace Attendant and Governor of Yuzhang."

鍾，鍾期也。夔，舜樂正。

Zhong is Zhong Ziqi. Kui was the master of music to Shun.

何充別見。

He Chong is treated separately.

《晉陽秋》曰：「充之卒，議者謂太后父裒宜秉朝政，裒自丹徒入朝。吏部尚書劉遐勸裒曰『會稽王令德，國之周公也，足下宜以大政付之。』裒長史王胡之亦勸歸藩，於是固辭歸京。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "When Chong died, those who discussed it said that Chu Pou, the father of the empress dowager, should hold the government of the court, and Pou came to court from Dantu. Liu Xia, Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, urged Pou, saying, 'The Prince of Kuaiji has fine virtue, and he is the Duke of Zhou of this state. You should hand the great government over to him.' Wang Huzhi, Pou's Chief Clerk, also urged him to go back to his region, and so he firmly declined and returned to the capital."

《桓温別傳》曰：「温字元子，譙國龍亢人，漢五更桓榮後也。父彝，有識鑒。温少有豪邁風氣，爲温嶠所知，累遷琅邪内史，進征西大將軍，鎭西夏。時逆胡未誅，餘燼假息，温親勒郡卒，建旗致討，淸蕩伊洛，展敬園陵。薨，諡宣武侯。」

The Huan Wen biezhuan says, "Wen, whose courtesy name was Yuanzi, was a man of Longkang in Qiaoguo, a descendant of Huan Rong, the Wugeng of Han. His father Huan Yi had an eye for men. Wen had a bold and lofty spirit in his youth and was known to Wen Qiao, and after several moves he became Clerk of the Interior of Langye, and advanced to Grand General Who Campaigns in the West and guarded Xixia. At that time the rebel barbarians were not yet cut down and the embers that were left still had breath in them, and Wen led the troops of his commandery himself and raised his standards and struck at them, and he swept the Yi and the Luo clean and paid his respects at the imperial tombs. When he died his posthumous title was Marquis Xuanwu."

《衞詩》也。殳，長一丈二尺，無刃。

This is from the Wei shi. The shu is one fathom and two feet long, and has no blade.

《中興書》曰：「悅字君叔，晉陵人。初爲殷浩揚州別駕。浩卒，上疎理浩。或諫以浩爲太宗所廢，必不依許，悅固爭之，浩果得申，物論稱之。後至尚書左丞。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Yue, whose courtesy name was Junshu, was a man of Jinling. He first became Aide to Yin Hao, the Inspector of Yangzhou. When Hao died he sent up a memorial to clear his name, and someone warned him that since Hao had been set aside by Taizong it would surely not be allowed. Yue argued it firmly, and Hao was indeed cleared, and men praised him for it. Later he rose to Assistant Director of the Left in the Secretariat."

顧凱之爲父傳曰：「君以直道陵遲於世。入見王，王髮無二毛，而君已斑白，問君年，乃曰：『卿何偏蚤白？』君曰：『松柏之姿，經霜猶茂；臣蒲柳之質，望秋先零。受命之異也。』王稱善久之。」

Gu Kaizhi, in the life he wrote of his father, says, "My lord was left behind in the world for the straightness of his way. He went in to see the king, and the king had no second color in his hair while my lord was already half white. The king asked his age, and then said, 'How is it that you alone went white so early?' My lord said, 'The stuff of the pine and the cypress passes through frost and is green still. Your servant's substance of rush and willow falls at the mere sight of autumn. It is a difference in what we received with our lives.' The king called it good for a long while."

《晉陽秋》曰：「温以永和二年，率所領七千餘人伐蜀，拜表輒行。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "In the second year of Yonghe, Wen led the seven thousand and more men under his command to attack Shu, and he sent up his memorial and set out at once."

《漢書》曰：「王陽爲益州刺史，行部至邛僰九折阪，歎曰：『奉先人遺體，奈何數乘此險！』以病去官。後王尊爲刺史，至其阪，問吏曰：『非王陽所畏之道邪？』吏曰：『是！』叱其馭曰：『驅之，王陽爲孝子，王尊爲忠臣。』」

The Han shu says, "Wang Yang became Inspector of Yizhou, and as he went round his district he came to the nine bend slope at Qiongbo and sighed, 'Bearing the body my forebears left me, how should I pass over such a danger again and again?' and he gave up his office on the ground of illness. Later Wang Zun became Inspector, and when he came to that slope he asked the clerk, 'Is this not the road that Wang Yang feared?' The clerk said, 'It is.' He shouted at his driver, 'Drive on. Wang Yang was a filial son, and Wang Zun will be a true subject.'"

《晉陽秋》曰：「泰和六年閏十月，熒惑守太微端門。十一月，大司馬桓温廢帝爲海西公。」《晉安帝紀》曰：「桓温於枋頭奔敗，知民望之去也，乃屠袁眞於壽陽。既而謂郗超曰：『足以雪枋頭之恥乎？』超曰：『未厭有識之情也。公六十之年，敗於大舉，不建髙世之勳，未足以鎭厭民望。』因説温以廢立之事。時温夙有此謀，深納超言，遂廢海西。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "In the intercalary tenth month of the sixth year of Taihe the fire star kept watch over the Duan gate of the Taiwei enclosure. In the eleventh month Huan Wen, the Commander in Chief, set the emperor aside and made him Duke of Haixi." The Jin Andi ji says, "When Huan Wen fled in defeat at Fangtou he knew that the hopes of the people had left him, and so he killed Yuan Zhen at Shouyang. Then he said to Chi Chao, 'Is this enough to wash away the shame of Fangtou?' Chao said, 'It does not yet fill the hearts of men of discernment. Your Lordship at sixty has lost a great campaign and has set up no merit that stands high in the age, and it is not enough to hold down and satisfy the hopes of the people.' And with this he spoke to Wen of setting one ruler aside and raising another. Wen had long had this plan, and he took Chao's words deeply to heart, and in the end he set aside the Duke of Haixi."

徐廣《晉紀》曰：「咸安元年十二月，熒惑逆行入太微，至二年七月，猶在焉。帝懲海西之事，心甚憂之。」

Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "In the twelfth month of the first year of Xian'an the fire star went backward and entered the Taiwei enclosure, and it was still there in the seventh month of the second year. The emperor was stung by the affair of the Duke of Haixi, and was much troubled in his heart."

《中興書》曰：「超字景興，髙平人，司空愔之子也。少而卓犖不羈，有曠世之度。累遷中書郎、司徒左長史。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Chao, whose courtesy name was Jingxing, was a man of Gaoping, the son of Chi Yin, Minister of Works. In his youth he was outstanding and unbound and had a measure rare in the age. After several moves he became Gentleman of the Secretariat and Chief Clerk of the Left to the Minister over the Masses."

庾闡《從征詩》也

This is Yu Chan's 'Poem on Following the Campaign.'

《續晉陽秋》曰：「帝外壓彊臣，憂憤不得志，在位二年而崩。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "The emperor was pressed from outside by a powerful subject, and in his grief and anger he did not get his will, and he died after two years on the throne."

《論語》曰：「師冕見，及階，子曰：『階也。』及席，子曰：『席也。』皆坐，子告之曰：『某在斯，某在斯。』」注：「歴告坐中人也。」

The Analects says, "The music master Mian came to see him, and when he reached the steps the Master said, 'These are the steps.' When he reached the mat the Master said, 'This is the mat.' When all were seated the Master told him, 'So and so is here, so and so is here.'" The note says, "He told him one by one who was in the company."

濠濮，二水名也。《莊子》曰：「莊子與惠子遊濠梁水上，莊子曰：『儵魚出游從容，是魚樂也。』惠子曰：『子非魚，安知魚之樂邪？』莊子曰：『子非我，安知我之不知魚之樂也？』」「莊周釣在濮水，楚王使二大夫造焉，曰：『願以境内累莊子。』莊子持竿不顧，曰：『吾聞楚有神龜者，死已三千年矣，巾笥而藏於廟。此寧曳尾於塗中，寧留骨而貴乎？』二大夫曰：『寧曳尾於塗中。』莊子曰：『往矣！吾亦寧曳尾於塗中。』」

Hao and Pu are the names of two rivers. The Zhuangzi says, "Zhuangzi was walking with Huizi on the bridge over the Hao, and Zhuangzi said, 'The minnows come out and swim at their ease. This is the joy of the fish.' Huizi said, 'You are not a fish. How do you know the joy of the fish?' Zhuangzi said, 'You are not I. How do you know that I do not know the joy of the fish?'" It also says, "Zhuang Zhou was fishing in the Pu, and the King of Chu sent two great officers to him, saying, 'I would lay the affairs within my borders upon you.' Zhuangzi held his rod and did not look round, and said, 'I hear that Chu has a sacred tortoise, dead these three thousand years, wrapped in a cloth and kept in the ancestral hall. Would it rather drag its tail in the mud, or leave its bones behind and be honored?' The two great officers said, 'It would rather drag its tail in the mud.' Zhuangzi said, 'Go your way. I too would rather drag my tail in the mud.'"

《文字志》曰：「王羲之字逸少，琅邪臨沂人。父礦，淮南太守。羲之少朗拔，爲叔父廙所賞。善草隸，累遷江州刺史、右軍將軍、會稽内史。」

The Wenzi zhi says, "Wang Xizhi, whose courtesy name was Yishao, was a man of Linyi in Langye. His father Wang Kuang was Governor of Huainan. Xizhi was bright and outstanding in his youth and was esteemed by his uncle Wang Yi. He wrote the draft and the clerical hands well, and after several moves he became Inspector of Jiangzhou, General of the Right, and Clerk of the Interior of Kuaiji."

《髙逸沙門傳》曰：「支遁字道林，河内林慮人，或曰陳留人，本姓關氏。少而任心獨往，風期髙亮，家世奉法。嘗於餘杭山沈思道行，泠然獨暢。年二十五始釋形入道。年五十三終於洛陽。」

The Gaoyi shamen zhuan says, "Zhi Dun, whose courtesy name was Daolin, was a man of Linlü in Henei, though some say of Chenliu, and his family name was Guan. In his youth he followed his own heart and went his own way, and his manner and his aims were lofty and bright, and his house had kept the law for generations. He once sank into thought on the practice of the Way in the Yuhang mountains, and it ran clear and free in him alone. At twenty-five he first put off the body and entered the Way. At fifty-three he ended at Luoyang."

《漢書·敘傳》曰：「班伯少受詩於師丹。大將軍王鳳薦伯於成帝，宜勸學，召見宴暱，拜爲中常侍。時上方向學，鄭寬中、張禹朝夕入説《尚書》、《論語》於金華殿，詔伯受之。」

The Han shu, in the postface to the biographies, says, "Ban Bo learned the Odes from Shi Dan when he was young. Wang Feng, the General in Chief, recommended Bo to Emperor Cheng, saying that he was fit to urge the emperor to learning, and the emperor called him in and kept him near and appointed him Regular Palace Attendant. At that time the emperor had set his mind on learning, and Zheng Kuanzhong and Zhang Yu came in morning and evening to expound the Shangshu and the Analects in the Jinhua hall, and by edict Bo received these teachings."

《羊秉敘》曰：「秉字長達，太山平陽人。漢南陽太守續曾孫。大父魏郡府君，即車騎掾元子也。府君夫人鄭氏無子，乃養秉。齠齔而佳，小心敬愼。十歳而鄭夫人薨，秉思容盡哀，俄而公府掾及夫人並卒，秉群從父率禮相承，人不閒其親，雍雍如也。仕參撫軍將軍事，將奮千里之足，揮沖天之翼，惜乎春秋三十有二而卒。昔罕虎死，子産以爲無與爲善，自夫子之沒，有子産之歎矣！亡後有子男又不育，是何行善而禍繁也？豈非司馬生之所惑歟？」

The 'Preface for Yang Bing' says, "Bing, whose courtesy name was Changda, was a man of Pingyang in Taishan, the great grandson of Yang Xu, Governor of Nanyang under Han. His grandfather was the prefect of Weijun, the eldest son of the aide to the General of Chariots and Cavalry. The prefect's wife, of the Zheng family, had no son, and so she raised Bing. He was fine from the time he was losing his milk teeth, and he was careful and reverent and watchful. At ten he lost Lady Zheng, and Bing kept her face in his mind and gave his grief its full measure. Soon after, the aide of the ducal office and his wife both died, and Bing and his cousins upheld one another by the rites, so that men could not tell which was the nearer kin, and all was harmony. He served as Aide in the affairs of the General Who Nurtures the Army, and he was about to stretch feet that would go a thousand li and spread wings that would pierce the sky, when, alas, he died at thirty-two. Long ago, when Han Hu died, Zichan said that there was no one left to do good with, and since this man passed there is the sigh of Zichan again. He had a son after his death, but that boy did not live either. How is it that doing good and troubles thick upon it go together? Is this not what perplexed Master Sima?"

別見

Treated separately.

羊氏譜曰：「權字道輿，徐州刺史悅之子也。仕至尚書左丞。」

The Yangshi pu says, "Quan, whose courtesy name was Daoyu, was the son of Yang Yue, Inspector of Xuzhou. He rose in office to Assistant Director of the Left in the Secretariat."

《王長史別傳》曰：「濛字仲祖，太原晉陽人。其先出自周室，經漢魏，世爲大族。祖父佐，北軍中候。父訥，葉令。濛神氣淸韶，年十餘歳，放邁不群。弱冠檢尚，風流雅正，外絶榮競，内寡私慾。辟司徒掾、中書郎，以后父贈光祿大夫。」

The Wang zhangshi biezhuan says, "Meng, whose courtesy name was Zhongzu, was a man of Jinyang in Taiyuan. His forebears came out of the royal house of Zhou, and through Han and Wei they were a great clan age after age. His grandfather Wang Zuo was Colonel of the Northern Army and his father Wang Ne was Prefect of She. Meng's spirit and air were pure and fine, and at a little over ten he was so free and outstanding that he stood apart from the crowd. At twenty he held himself in check, his style was elegant and upright, without he cut off all striving for glory and within he had few private desires. He was called to be Aide to the Minister over the Masses and Gentleman of the Secretariat, and as the father of an empress he was granted the title of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness."

《語林》曰：「仲祖語眞長曰：『卿近大進。』劉曰『卿仰看邪？』王問何意？劉曰：『不爾，何由測天之髙也。』」

The Yulin says, "Zhongzu said to Zhenchang, 'You have advanced greatly of late.' Liu said, 'Are you looking up at me?' Wang asked what he meant, and Liu said, 'If it were not so, how would you measure the height of heaven?'"

荊産，王微小字也。《王氏譜》曰：「微字幼仁，琅邪人。祖父乂，平北將軍。父澄，荊州刺史。微歴尚書郎、右軍司馬。」

Jingchan was Wang Wei's boyhood name. The Wangshi pu says, "Wang Wei, whose courtesy name was Youren, was a man of Langye. His grandfather Wang Yi was General Who Pacifies the North and his father Wang Cheng was Inspector of Jingzhou. Wei served as Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs and Adjutant to the General of the Right."

《春秋傳》曰：「介葛盧來朝魯，聞牛鳴曰：『是生三犧，皆用之矣。其音云。』問之而信。」杜預注曰：「介，東夷國。葛盧，其君名也。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "When Jie Gelu came to the court of Lu he heard an ox lowing and said, 'This ox has borne three calves, and all of them have been used for the sacrifice. Its voice says so.' They asked, and it was true." Du Yu notes, "Jie is a state of the Eastern Yi. Gelu is the name of its ruler."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「許詢字玄度，髙陽人，魏中領軍允玄孫。總角秀惠，衆稱神童，長而風情簡素，司徒掾辟，不就，蚤卒。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xu Xun, whose courtesy name was Xuandu, was a man of Gaoyang, the great great grandson of Xu Yun, Commander of the Central Army under Wei. From the time he was losing his milk teeth he was outstanding and clever, and everyone called him a wonder child, and when he grew up his manner and his feeling were simple and plain. He was called to be Aide to the Minister over the Masses, but he did not take it, and he died young."

《春秋傳》曰：「吉凶無門，唯人所召。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Good and ill fortune have no gate. Men alone call them in."

《揚州記》曰：「冶城，呉時鼓鑄之所。呉平，猶不廢。王茂弘所治也。」

The Yangzhou ji says, "Yecheng was where they blew the bellows and cast metal in the time of Wu. After Wu was brought to order it was still not given up. It is the place Wang Maohong governed."

《帝王世紀》曰：「禹治洪水，手足胼胝。世傳禹病偏枯，足不相過，今稱禹歩是也。」

The Diwang shiji says, "Yu's hands and feet were callused with governing the great flood. It is handed down in the world that Yu suffered a withering on one side, so that one foot could not pass the other, and what is called the step of Yu today is this."

《尚書》曰：「文王自朝至於日昃，不遑暇食。」

The Shangshu says, "King Wen, from morning until the sun went down, had no leisure to eat."

《禮記》曰：「四郊多壘，卿大夫之辱也。」

The Liji says, "That the ramparts are many in the four quarters is the shame of the ministers and the great officers."

《戰國策》曰：「衞商鞅，諸庶孽子，名鞅，姓公孫氏。少好刑名學，爲秦孝公相，封於商。」

The Zhanguo ce says, "Shang Yang of Wei was one of the sons of a concubine. His name was Yang and his family name was Gongsun. In his youth he loved the study of punishments and names, and he became chancellor to Duke Xiao of Qin and was enfeoffed at Shang."

胡兒，謝朗小字也。《續晉陽秋》曰：「朗字長度，安次兄據之長子。安蚤知之。文義艷發，名亞於玄，仕至東陽太守。」

Hu'er was Xie Lang's boyhood name. The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Lang, whose courtesy name was Changdu, was the eldest son of Xie Ju, the brother next to An. An knew his worth early. The sense of his writing came out in beauty, and his name stood next after Xuan's. He rose in office to Governor of Dongyang."

《王氏譜》曰：「凝之字叔平，右將軍羲之第二子也。歴江州刺史、左將軍、會稽内史。」《晉安帝紀》曰：「凝之事五斗米道。孫恩之攻會稽，凝之謂民吏曰：『不須備防，吾已請大道，許遣鬼兵相助，賊自破矣。』既不設備，遂爲恩所害。」《婦人集》曰：「謝夫人名道蘊，有文才。所著詩、賦、誄、頌傳於世。」

The Wangshi pu says, "Wang Ningzhi, whose courtesy name was Shuping, was the second son of Wang Xizhi, General of the Right. He served as Inspector of Jiangzhou, General of the Left, and Clerk of the Interior of Kuaiji." The Jin Andi ji says, "Ningzhi served the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice. When Sun En attacked Kuaiji, Ningzhi said to the people and the clerks, 'There is no need to make any defense. I have prayed to the Great Way, and it has granted me an army of spirits to help us, and the bandits will break of themselves.' Since he made no defense, he was harmed by En in the end." The Furen ji says, "Lady Xie's name was Daoyun, and she had a talent for writing. The poems, rhapsodies, dirges, and eulogies she made are handed down in the world."

《王中郎傳》曰：「坦之字文度，太原晉陽人。祖東海太守承，淸淡平遠。父述，貞貴簡正。坦之器度淳深，孝友天至，譽輯朝野，標的當時。累遷侍中、中書令，領北中郎將，徐兗二州刺史。」《中興書》曰：「伏滔，字玄度，平昌安丘人。少有才學，舉秀才。大司馬桓温參軍，領大著作，掌國史，遊撃將軍，卒。習鑿齒，字彦威，襄陽人。少以文稱，善尺牘。桓温在荊州，辟爲從事。歴治中別駕，遷滎陽太守。」

The Wang zhonglang zhuan says, "Tanzhi, whose courtesy name was Wendu, was a man of Jinyang in Taiyuan. His grandfather Wang Cheng, Governor of Donghai, was even and far reaching in pure talk, and his father Wang Shu was upright and worthy, simple and correct. Tanzhi's vessel and measure were deep and unmixed, and his filial love and his brotherly love came to him from heaven, so that praise gathered on him from court and country and he was the mark of his time. After several moves he became Palace Attendant and Director of the Secretariat, and he held the post of General of the Household of the North as well, and was Inspector of the two provinces of Xu and Yan." The Zhongxing shu says, "Fu Tao, whose courtesy name was Xuandu, was a man of Anqiu in Pingchang. In his youth he had talent and learning and was recommended as a Cultivated Talent. He was Aide to Huan Wen, the Commander in Chief, and held the office of Grand Compiler with charge of the history of the state, and he was General of the Roving Attack, and died. Xi Zaochi, whose courtesy name was Yanwei, was a man of Xiangyang. In his youth he was praised for his writing, and he wrote letters well. When Huan Wen was in Jingzhou he called him to be Attendant Clerk. He served as Attendant at the Center and as Aide, and moved to Governor of Xingyang."

滔集載其論略曰：「滔以春秋時鮑叔、管仲、隰朋、召忽、輪扁、甯戚、麥丘人、逢丑父、晏嬰、涓子；戰國時公羊髙、孟軻、鄒衍、田單、荀卿、鄒奭、莒大夫、田子方、檀子、魯連、淳于髡、盻子、田光、顏歜、黔子、於陵仲子、王叔、即墨大夫；前漢時伏徴君、終軍、東郭先生、叔孫通、萬石君、東方朔、安期先生；後漢時大司徒伏三老、江革、逢萌、禽慶、承幼子、徐防、薛方、鄭康成、周孟玉、劉祖榮、臨孝存、侍其、元矩、孫賓碩、劉仲謀、劉公山、王儀伯、郎宗、禰正平、劉成國；魏時管幼安、邴根矩、華子魚、徐偉長、任昭先、伏髙陽。此皆靑士有才德者也。鑿齒以神農生於黔中，《邵南》詠其美化，春秋稱其多才，《漢廣》之風，不同《鷄鳴》之篇，子文、叔敖，羞與管仲比德。接輿之歌《鳳兮》，《漁父》之詠滄浪，漢陰丈人之折子貢，市南宜僚、屠羊説之不爲利回，魯仲連不及老萊夫妻，田光之於屈原，鄧禹、卓茂無敵於天下，管幼安不勝龐公，龐士元不推華子魚，何鄧二尚書，獨歩於魏朝，樂令無對於晉世。昔伏羲葬南郡，少昊葬長沙，舜葬零陵。比其人，則準的如此；論其土，則群聖之所葬；考其風，則詩人之所歌；尋其事，則未有赤眉、黃巾之賊。此何如靑州邪？」滔與相往反，鑿齒無以對也。

Fu Tao's collected works carry the substance of his argument, and it says, "I take Bao Shu, Guan Zhong, Xi Peng, Shao Hu, Lun Bian, Ning Qi, the man of Maiqiu, Feng Choufu, Yan Ying, and Juanzi from the time of the Chunqiu; Gongyang Gao, Meng Ke, Zou Yan, Tian Dan, Xun Qing, Zou Shi, the great officer of Ju, Tian Zifang, Tanzi, Lu Lian, Chunyu Kun, Xizi, Tian Guang, Yan Chu, Qianzi, Zhongzi of Yuling, Wang Shu, and the great officer of Jimo from the time of the Warring States; the summoned gentleman Fu, Zhong Jun, Master Dongguo, Shusun Tong, the Lord of Ten Thousand Piculs, Dongfang Shuo, and Master Anqi from the Former Han; Fu the Three Elders, Minister over the Masses, Jiang Ge, Feng Meng, Qin Qing, Cheng Youzi, Xu Fang, Xue Fang, Zheng Kangcheng, Zhou Mengyu, Liu Zurong, Lin Xiaocun, Shiqi, Yuanju, Sun Binshuo, Liu Zhongmou, Liu Gongshan, Wang Yibo, Lang Zong, Mi Zhengping, and Liu Chengguo from the Later Han; and Guan You'an, Bing Genju, Hua Ziyu, Xu Weichang, Ren Zhaoxian, and Fu Gaoyang from the time of Wei. These are all scholars of Qingzhou who had talent and virtue." Xi Zaochi said that Shennong was born in Qianzhong, that the 'Shaonan' sings of his fine teaching and the Chunqiu tells of his many talents, that the manner of the 'Hanguang' is not the same as the poem 'Jiming,' that Ziwen and Shu'ao would have been ashamed to have their virtue matched with Guan Zhong's, that Jieyu sang 'Phoenix' and the 'Fisherman' chanted of the Canglang, that the old man of Hanyin broke down Zigong and that Yiliao of Shinan and Yue the sheep butcher did not turn aside for gain, that Lu Zhonglian did not come up to Laolaizi and his wife and that Tian Guang stood so toward Qu Yuan, that Deng Yu and Zhuo Mao had no match in the empire, that Guan You'an did not surpass Pang Degong and that Pang Shiyuan did not put Hua Ziyu behind him, that the two Masters of Writing, He Yan and Deng Yang, walked alone in the court of Wei, and that Director Yue had no equal in the age of Jin. "Long ago Fuxi was buried in Nanjun, Shaohao was buried in Changsha, and Shun was buried in Lingling. If the men are matched, the mark stands thus. If the land is weighed, it is where the sages together are buried. If the customs are examined, they are what the poets sang. If the affairs are looked into, there has never been a brigand there like the Red Eyebrows or the Yellow Turbans. How is this against Qingzhou?" Fu Tao went back and forth with him, and Xi Zaochi had nothing to answer.

馬融注《論語》曰：「唯義所在。」

Ma Rong, in his notes on the Analects, says, "He follows only where the right lies."

《晉中興士人書》曰：「許珣能淸言，於時士人皆欽慕仰愛之。」

The Jin zhongxing shiren shu says, "Xu Xun was good at pure talk, and the gentlemen of the time all looked up to him and longed for him and loved him."

《晉陽秋》曰：「荀羡字令則，潁川人，光祿大夫崧之子也。淸和有識裁，少以主婿爲駙馬都尉。是時殷浩參謀百揆，引羡爲援，頻蒞義興、呉郡，超授北中郎將、徐州刺史，以蕃屛焉。」《中興書》曰：「羡年二十八，出爲徐兗二州。中興方伯之少，未有若羡者也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Xun Xian, whose courtesy name was Lingze, was a man of Yingchuan, the son of Xun Song, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He was pure and harmonious and had discernment and judgment, and in his youth, as the husband of a princess, he became Commandant of the Imperial Equipages. At that time Yin Hao was planning over all the offices, and he drew Xian in as a support, and Xian governed Yixing and then Wujun, and was raised at a leap to General of the Household of the North and Inspector of Xuzhou, to be a screen for the state." The Zhongxing shu says, "Xian went out to the two provinces of Xu and Yan at twenty-eight. Since the restoration there had been no regional chief as young as Xian."

《南徐州記》曰：「城西北有別嶺入江，三面臨水，髙數十丈，號曰北固。」

The Nan Xuzhou ji says, "To the northwest of the city a separate ridge runs into the river, with water on three sides, several tens of fathoms high, and it is called Beigu."

《史記·封禪書》曰：「蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲此三山，世傳在海中，去人不遠。嘗有至者，言諸仙人不死藥在焉。黃金白銀爲宮闕，草物禽獸盡白，望之如雲。及至，反居水下。欲到，即風引船而去，終莫能至。秦始皇登會稽，並海上，冀遇三神山之奇藥。漢武帝既封泰山，無風雨變至，方士更言蓬萊諸藥可得，於是上欣然東至海，冀獲蓬萊者。」

The Shiji, in the treatise on the feng and shan sacrifices, says, "Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou, these three mountains, are handed down in the world as being in the midst of the sea and not far from men. Some have reached them and said that the drug of the immortals that keeps off death is there. Their palaces and towers are of yellow gold and white silver, and the plants and the birds and the beasts are all white, and from afar they look like clouds. When one comes to them they are under the water instead, and when one would reach them the wind draws the boat away, and in the end no one can reach them. The First Emperor of Qin climbed Kuaiji and went along the sea, hoping to meet with the rare drug of the three sacred mountains. When Emperor Wu of Han had made the feng sacrifice on Mount Tai and no change of wind and rain came, the masters of methods said again that the drugs of Penglai could be got, and so the emperor went east to the sea with delight, hoping to win Penglai."

《超別傳》曰：「超精於理義，沙門支道林以爲一時之俊。」《莊子》曰：「肩吾問於連叔曰：『吾聞言於接輿，大而無當，往而不反。怪怖其言，猶河漢而無極也。』」

The Chao biezhuan says, "Chao was exact in principle and in right, and the shramana Zhi Daolin held him one of the finest men of the time." The Zhuangzi says, "Jianwu asked Lianshu, 'I heard words from Jieyu. They were great and had no fitness, they went on and did not come back. His words frightened me with their strangeness, like the Milky Way that has no end.'"

《支公書》曰：「山去會稽二百里。」

The Zhi gong shu says, "The mountain is two hundred li from Kuaiji."

《中興書》曰：「謝萬字萬石，太傅安弟也。才氣髙俊，蚤知名，歴吏部郎、西中郎將、豫州刺史、散騎常侍。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Xie Wan, whose courtesy name was Wanshi, was the younger brother of Xie An, the Grand Mentor. His talent and his spirit were high and outstanding and he was known by name early, and he served as Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel, General of the Household of the West, Inspector of Yuzhou, and Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary."

《太康地記》曰：「曲阿本名雲陽，秦始皇以有王氣，鑿北阬山以敗其勢，截其直道，使其阿曲，故曰曲阿也。呉還爲雲陽，今復名曲阿。」

The Taikang diji says, "Qu'a was first named Yunyang. The First Emperor of Qin held that it had the air of kings about it, so he cut through Mount Keng in the north to break its force and cut its straight road so that its slope bent, and for this it is called Qu'a. Wu made it Yunyang again, and now it is named Qu'a once more."

安也

This is Xie An.

玄也

This is Xie Xuan.

謝車騎家傳曰：「玄字幼度，鎭西奕第三子也。神理明俊，善微言。叔父太傅嘗與子姪燕集，問：『武帝任山公以三事，任以官人。至於賜予，不過斤合。當有旨不？』玄答：『有辭致也。』」

The family record of Xie, General of Chariots and Cavalry, says, "Xuan, whose courtesy name was Youdu, was the third son of Xie Yi, General Who Guards the West. His spirit and his principle were bright and outstanding, and he was good at subtle words. His uncle the Grand Mentor once sat at a feast with his sons and nephews and asked, 'Emperor Wu charged Lord Shan with three duties and gave him the choosing of officials. Yet when it came to gifts they were no more than a catty or a gill. Was there a meaning in it?' Xuan answered, 'There is a savor in the saying.'"

道季，庾龢小字。徐廣《晉紀》曰：「龢字道季，太尉亮子也。風情率悟，以文談致稱於時。歴仕至丹陽尹，兼中領軍。」

Daoji was Yu He's boyhood name. Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "He, whose courtesy name was Daoji, was the son of Yu Liang, the Grand Commandant. His manner and his feeling were open and quick, and he was praised in his time for his writing and his talk. He served in office up to Governor of Danyang, and held the post of Commander of the Central Army as well."

《春秋傳》曰：「秦伯伐晉，濟河焚舟。」杜預曰：「示必死。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "The Earl of Qin attacked Jin, crossed the river and burned the boats." Du Yu says, "He showed that he would surely die."

《中興書》曰：「李充字弘度，江夏郢人也。祖康、父矩，皆有美名。充初辟丞相掾、記室參軍，以貧，求剡縣，遷大著作、中書郎。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Li Chong, whose courtesy name was Hongdu, was a man of Ying in Jiangxia. His grandfather Li Kang and his father Li Ju both had fine names. Chong was first called to be Aide to the Chancellor and Aide of the Records Section, and being poor he asked for Shan district, and he moved to Grand Compiler and Gentleman of the Secretariat."

殷浩別見

Yin Hao is treated separately.

《衞詩》：「北門，刺仕不得志也。」

The Wei shi says, "The 'North Gate' reproves serving in office and not getting one's will."

《王胡之別傳》曰：「胡之字脩齡，琅邪臨沂人，王廙之子也。歴呉興太守，徴侍中、丹陽尹、祕書監，並不就。拜使持節，都督司州諸軍事、西中郎將、司州刺史。」《呉興記》曰：「於潛縣東七十里，有印渚，渚傍有白石山，峻壁四十丈。印渚蓋衆溪之下流也。印渚已上至縣，悉石瀨惡道，不可行船；印渚已下，水道無險，故行旅集焉。」

The Wang Huzhi biezhuan says, "Huzhi, whose courtesy name was Xiuling, was a man of Linyi in Langye, the son of Wang Yi. He served as Governor of Wuxing, and he was called to be Palace Attendant, Governor of Danyang, and Director of the Palace Library, but he took none of them. He was appointed Commissioner with Special Powers, Commander of the armies of Sizhou, General of the Household of the West, and Inspector of Sizhou." The Wuxing ji says, "Seventy li east of Yuqian district there is Yinzhu, and beside the water is Mount Baishi, with a sheer wall forty fathoms high. Yinzhu is where the many streams run down together. From Yinzhu up to the district town it is all stone rapids and bad road where no boat can go, and from Yinzhu down there is no danger in the waterway, so travelers gather there."

《中興書》曰：「髙崧字茂琰，廣陵人。父悝，光祿大夫。崧少好學，善史傳，累遷吏部郎、侍中，以公累免官。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Gao Song, whose courtesy name was Maoyan, was a man of Guangling. His father Gao Kui was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Song loved learning in his youth and knew the histories well, and after several moves he became Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel and Palace Attendant, and he was caught in a fault of his lord and lost his office."

阿酃，崧小字也。

Aling was Song's boyhood name.

安南，謝奉，別見。

Annan is Xie Feng, and he is treated separately.

《續晉陽秋》曰：「袁宏字彦伯，陳郡人，魏郎中令煥六世孫也。祖猷，侍中。父勗，臨汝令。宏起家建威參軍，安南司馬記室。太傅謝安賞宏機捷辯速，自吏部郎出爲東陽郡，乃祖之於冶亭，時賢皆集。安欲卒迫試之，執手將別，顧左右取一扇而贈之。宏應聲答曰：『輒當奉揚仁風，慰彼黎庶。』合坐歎其要捷。性直亮，故位不顯也。在郡卒。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Yuan Hong, whose courtesy name was Yanbo, was a man of Chenjun, the descendant in the sixth generation of Yuan Huan, Prefect of the Gentlemen of the Interior under Wei. His grandfather Yuan You was Palace Attendant and his father Yuan Xu was Prefect of Linru. Hong began his service as Aide to the Establisher of Might, and became Recorder and Adjutant to the general of Annan. Xie An, the Grand Mentor, prized Hong's quickness and the speed of his tongue, and when Hong went out from Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel to Dongyang commandery, An saw him off at the Ye pavilion, and the worthy men of the time all gathered there. An wished to test him on the sudden, and as he took his hand to part from him he looked round and took a fan and gave it to him. Hong answered as soon as the sound was out, 'I shall bear up and spread abroad the wind of kindness, and comfort the common people there.' The whole company sighed at how apt and how quick it was. He was straight and bright by nature, and so his place was never a high one. He died in his commandery."

《中興書》曰：「綽字興公，太原中都人。少以文稱，歴太學博士、大著作、散騎常侍。」《遂初賦》敘曰：「余少慕老莊之道，仰其風流久矣。卻感於陵賢妻之言，悵然悟之。乃經始東山，建五畝之宅，帶長阜，倚茂林，孰與坐華幕撃鐘鼓者同年而語其樂哉！」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Chuo, whose courtesy name was Xinggong, was a man of Zhongdu in Taiyuan. In his youth he was praised for his writing, and he served as Erudite of the Imperial Academy, Grand Compiler, and Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary." The preface to the 'Rhapsody on Fulfilling the First Purpose' says, "In my youth I longed for the Way of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and I have looked up to their style this long while. Then I was moved by the words of the worthy wife of Yuling, and I awoke to it with regret. So I first set about the Eastern Hills and built a house of five mu, girt with a long bank and leaning on a thick wood. How should one who sits under splendid hangings and beats bells and drums be spoken of in the same breath for joy?"

世遠，髙柔字也。別見。

Shiyuan is the style of Gao Rou. He is treated separately.

盛弘之《荊州記》曰：「荊州城臨漢江，臨江王所治。王被徴，出城北門而車軸折，父老泣曰：『吾王去不還矣！』從此不開北門。」

Sheng Hongzhi's Jingzhou ji says, "Jingzhou city stands on the Han river, and it is where the Prince of Linjiang governed. When the prince was summoned and went out of the north gate of the city, the axle of his carriage broke, and the old men wept and said, 'Our prince goes and will not return.' From then on the north gate was not opened."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「羊祜字叔子，太山平陽人也。世長吏二千石，至祜九世，以淸德稱。爲兒時，遊汶濱，有行父止而觀焉，歎息曰：『處士大好相，善爲之，未六十，當有重功於天下。即富貴，無相忘。』遂去，莫知所在。累遷都督荊州諸軍事。自在南夏，呉人説服，稱曰羊公，莫敢名者。南州人聞公喪，號哭罷市。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Yang Hu, whose courtesy name was Shuzi, was a man of Pingyang in Taishan. For generations his house had held offices of two thousand piculs, and to Hu it was nine generations, and they were praised for their pure virtue. When he was a boy he was playing on the bank of the Wen, and an old man who was passing stopped and watched him and sighed and said, 'The gentleman has a very fine face. Do well by it. Before you are sixty you will surely have weighty merit in the empire. When you are rich and honored, do not forget me.' Then he went away, and no one knew where he was. After several moves Hu came to be Commander of the armies of Jingzhou. While he was in the southern land the men of Wu were glad to submit to him and called him Lord Yang, and none dared to use his name. When the people of the southern region heard of his death they cried aloud and shut the markets."

魏武遺令曰：「以吾妾與妓人皆著銅雀臺上，施六尺床繐帷，月朝十五日，輒使向帳作伎。」

The last words of Emperor Wu of Wei say, "Put all my concubines and singing women on the Bronze Bird terrace, and set out a couch six feet long with a fine curtain, and on the first and the fifteenth of every month have them perform toward the curtain."

《會稽土地志》曰：「山靡迤而長，縣因山得名。」

The Kuaiji tudi zhi says, "The mountain slants away and is long, and the district got its name from the mountain."

丘淵之《文章録》曰：「顧愷之字長康，晉陵人。父説，尚書左丞。愷之，義熙初爲散騎常侍。」

Qiu Yuanzhi's Wenzhang lu says, "Gu Kaizhi, whose courtesy name was Changkang, was a man of Jinling. His father Gu Yue was Assistant Director of the Left in the Secretariat. At the beginning of the Yixi years Kaizhi became Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary."

宋明帝《文章志》曰：「孝武皇帝諱昌明，簡文第三子也。初，簡文觀讖書曰：『晉氏阼盡昌明。』及帝誕育，東方始明，故因生時以爲諱，而相與忘告。簡文問之，乃以諱對。簡文流涕曰：『不意我家昌明便出。』帝聰惠，推賢任才，年三十五崩。」

Emperor Ming of Song's Wenzhang zhi says, "Emperor Xiaowu's taboo name was Changming, and he was the third son of Jianwen. At first Jianwen looked at a book of prophecy, and it said, 'The throne of the house of Jin is spent at Changming.' When the emperor was born the east was just growing bright, and so they made his taboo name from the time of his birth, and between them they forgot to report it. Jianwen asked about it, and they answered with the name. Jianwen shed tears and said, 'I did not think our house's Changming would come out so soon.' The emperor was clever and wise, and he pushed the worthy forward and gave charge to the talented. He died at thirty-five."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「寧康三年九月九日，帝講《孝經》。僕射謝安侍坐，吏部尚書陸納兼侍中卞耽讀，黃門侍郎謝石、吏部袁宏兼執經，中書郎車胤、丹陽尹王混摘句。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "On the ninth day of the ninth month in the third year of Ningkang the emperor lectured on the Xiaojing. Xie An, the Vice Director, sat in attendance. Lu Na, Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, and Bian Dan, acting Palace Attendant, read. Xie Shi, Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate, and Yuan Hong of the Ministry of Personnel held the classic between them. Che Yin, Gentleman of the Secretariat, and Wang Hun, Governor of Danyang, picked out the passages."

車胤別見。

Che Yin is treated separately.

袁羊，喬小字也。《袁氏家傳》曰：「喬字彦升，陳郡人。父瑰，光祿大夫。喬歴尚書郎、江夏相。從桓温平蜀，封湘西伯、益州刺史。」

Yuan Yang was Yuan Qiao's boyhood name. The Yuanshi jiazhuan says, "Qiao, whose courtesy name was Yansheng, was a man of Chenjun. His father Yuan Gui was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Qiao served as Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs and Chancellor of Jiangxia. He followed Huan Wen in bringing Shu to order, and was enfeoffed as Earl of Xiangxi and made Inspector of Yizhou."

《會稽土地志》曰：「邑在山陰，故以名焉。」

The Kuaiji tudi zhi says, "The town is at Shanyin, and so it is named for it."

《會稽郡記》曰：「會稽境特多名山水，峰崿隆峻，吐納雲霧。松栝楓柏，擢榦竦條，潭壑鏡徹，淸流瀉注。王子敬見之曰：『山水之美，使人應接不暇。』」

The Kuaiji junji says, "In the land of Kuaiji there are more famous hills and waters than anywhere, and the peaks and the cliffs rise steep and breathe out cloud and mist and take them in again. The pines and the junipers, the maples and the cypresses lift their trunks and stand their branches up, and the pools and the ravines are clear as mirrors, and clear streams pour down. Wang Zijing saw it and said, 'The beauty of the hills and the waters leaves a man no leisure to take it all in.'"

謝玄

Xie Xuan.

王珣《遊嚴陵瀨詩》敘曰：「道壹姓竺氏，名德。」沙門題目曰：「道壹文鋒富贍，孫綽爲之贊曰：『馳騁遊説，言固不虚。唯茲壹公，綽然有餘。譬若春圃，載芬載敷。條柯猗蔚，枝榦扶疎。』」

The preface to Wang Xun's 'Poem on Roaming at the Yanling Rapids' says, "Daoyi's family name was Zhu and his name was De." The rubric on the shramana says, "Daoyi's point of writing was rich and full. Sun Chuo praised him and said, 'They gallop about and talk men over, and their words are indeed not empty. Only this Lord Yi has ease and something to spare. He is like a garden in spring, laden with fragrance and spreading it abroad. Boughs and stems grow thick and lush, and branch and trunk reach out.'"

張資《涼州記》曰：「天錫字純嘏，安定烏氏人，張耳後也。曾祖軌，永嘉中爲涼州刺史，値京師大亂，遂據涼土。天錫簒位，自立爲涼州牧。苻堅使將姚萇攻沒涼州，天錫歸長安，堅以爲侍中、比部尚書、歸義侯。從堅至壽陽，堅軍敗，遂南歸。拜散騎常侍、西平公。」《中興書》曰：「天錫後以貧拜廬江太守。薨，贈侍中。」

Zhang Zi's Liangzhou ji says, "Tianxi, whose courtesy name was Chunhu, was a man of Wushi in Anding, a descendant of Zhang Er. His great grandfather Zhang Gui became Inspector of Liangzhou in the Yongjia years, and meeting the great disorder in the capital he held the land of Liang. Tianxi seized the place and set himself up as Governor of Liangzhou. Fu Jian sent his general Yao Chang to attack and take Liangzhou, and Tianxi went back to Chang'an, and Jian made him Palace Attendant, Master of Writing of the Bureau of Comparison, and Marquis Who Turned to Right. He followed Jian to Shouyang, and when Jian's army was beaten he came south at last. He was appointed Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary and Duke of Xiping." The Zhongxing shu says, "Tianxi was later appointed Governor of Lujiang because he was poor. When he died he was granted the title of Palace Attendant."

《詩·魯頌》曰：「翩彼飛鴞，集於泮林。食我桑椹，懷我好音。」

The Odes, in the Hymns of Lu, says, "That owl flying and flying gathers in the grove by the school. It eats our mulberry fruit and brings us a good sound."

《西河舊事》曰：「河西牛羊肥，酪過精好，但寫酪置革上，都不解散也。」

The Xihe jiushi says, "West of the He the oxen and the sheep are fat and the curds are more than fine, and if the curds are poured out and set on a hide they do not scatter at all."

宋明帝《文章志》曰：「愷之爲桓温參軍，甚被親暱。」

Emperor Ming of Song's Wenzhang zhi says, "Kaizhi was Aide to Huan Wen, and was very much liked and kept close."

《春秋考異郵》曰：「距不周風四十五日，廣莫風至。廣莫者，精大備也。蓋北風也，一日寒風。」

The Chunqiu kaoyiyou says, "Forty-five days from the Buzhou wind the Guangmo wind comes. Guangmo means that its fineness is fully prepared. It is the north wind, and another name for it is the cold wind."

《征西寮屬名》曰：「毛玄字伯成，潁川人。仕至征西行軍參軍。」

The Zhengxi liaoshu ming says, "Mao Xuan, whose courtesy name was Bocheng, was a man of Yingchuan. He rose in office to Aide of the Marching Army to the Campaigner of the West."

《中興書》曰：「甯字武子，愼陽縣人。博學通覽，累遷中書郎、豫章太守。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Ning, whose courtesy name was Wuzi, was a man of Shenyang district. He learned widely and read through everything, and after several moves he became Gentleman of the Secretariat and Governor of Yuzhang."

《孝文王傳》曰：「王諱道子，簡文皇帝第五子也。封會稽王，領司徒、揚州刺史，進太傅。爲桓玄所害，贈丞相。」

The 'Life of King Xiaowen' says, "The king's taboo name was Daozi, and he was the fifth son of Emperor Jianwen. He was enfeoffed as Prince of Kuaiji and held the posts of Minister over the Masses and Inspector of Yangzhou, and advanced to Grand Mentor. He was harmed by Huan Xuan, and was granted the title of Chancellor."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「謝重字景重，陳郡人。父朗，東陽太守。重明秀有才會，終驃騎長史。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xie Zhong, whose courtesy name was Jingzhong, was a man of Chenjun. His father Xie Lang was Governor of Dongyang. Zhong was bright and outstanding and had talent and readiness, and he ended as Chief Clerk to the General of Agile Cavalry."

荀顗、荀勗脩定法制，樂則未聞。

Xun Yi and Xun Xu ordered and settled the laws and the institutions. Of the Yue nothing is heard.

張資《涼州記》曰：「天錫明鑒穎發，英聲少著。」

Zhang Zi's Liangzhou ji says, "Tianxi saw clearly and his brilliance came out, and his fine name was known while he was young."

《謝女譜》曰：「重女月鏡，適王恭子愔之。」

The Xie nü pu says, "Zhong's daughter Yuejing married Wang Yinzhi, the son of Wang Gong."

《丹陽記》曰：「東府城西，有簡文爲會稽王時第，東則孝文王道子府。道子領揚州，仍住先舍，故俗稱東府。」

The Danyang ji says, "West of the Eastern Mansion wall is the house Jianwen had when he was Prince of Kuaiji, and east of it is the mansion of King Xiaowen, Sima Daozi. When Daozi held Yangzhou he stayed on in the house he had lived in before, and so people call it the Eastern Mansion."

阿甯，王恭小字也。

Aning was Wang Gong's boyhood name.

《晉安帝紀》曰：「温在姑孰，諷朝廷，求九錫。謝安使吏部郎袁宏具其草，以示僕射王彪之。彪之作色曰：『丈夫豈可以此事語人邪？』安徐問其計。彪之曰：『聞其疾已篤，且可緩其事。』安從之，故不行。」

The Jin Andi ji says, "Wen was at Gushu, and he hinted to the court that he sought the nine gifts. Xie An had Yuan Hong, Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel, prepare the draft, and showed it to Wang Biaozhi, the Vice Director. Biaozhi changed countenance and said, 'How should a man speak of such a thing to another?' An asked him quietly what he would do. Biaozhi said, 'I hear that his illness is already deep. For the present you may draw the business out.' An followed this, and so it did not come about."

檀道鸞論之曰：「道子可謂易於由言，謝重能解紛紜矣。」

Tan Daoluan discusses it and says, "Daozi may be said to have gone too easily by what was said, and Xie Zhong was able to untangle the tangle."

《王司徒傳》曰：「王珣字元琳，丞相導之孫，領軍洽之子也。少以淸秀稱。大司馬桓温辟爲主簿，從討袁眞，封交趾望海縣東亭侯，累遷尚書左僕射、領選、進尚書令。」

The Wang situ zhuan says, "Wang Xun, whose courtesy name was Yuanlin, was the grandson of Wang Dao the Chancellor and the son of Wang Qia, Commander of the Army. In his youth he was praised as pure and outstanding. Huan Wen, the Commander in Chief, called him to be Recorder, and he followed him in the attack on Yuan Zhen and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dongting in Wanghai district of Jiaozhi, and after several moves he became Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs with charge of selections, and advanced to Director of the Department of State Affairs."

《晉陽秋》曰：「蘇峻既誅，大事克平之後，都邑殘荒。温嶠議徙都豫章，以即豐全。朝士及三呉豪傑，謂可遷都會稽，王導獨謂『不宜遷都。建業，往之秣陵，古者既有帝王所治之表，又孫仲謀、劉玄德倶謂是王者之宅。今雖凋殘，宜修勞來旋定之道，鎭靜群情。且百堵皆作，何患不克復乎！』終至康寧，導之策也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "After Su Jun had been put to death and the great business had been settled, the capital was broken and waste. Wen Qiao proposed moving the capital to Yuzhang to go where there was plenty, and the officers of the court and the great men of the Three Wu held that the capital might be moved to Kuaiji. Wang Dao alone said, 'The capital should not be moved. Jianye is the old Moling, and in ancient times it already had the marks of a place where emperors and kings governed, and Sun Zhongmou and Liu Xuande both called it the house of a king. Though it is worn and broken now, the way to take is to comfort the people and bring them in and settle them again, and so to quiet all hearts. And when a hundred walls are all being built, why fear that it cannot be won back?' In the end there was peace and quiet, and it was Dao's plan."

孔安國注《論語》曰：「言以好色之心好賢人則善。」

Kong Anguo, in his notes on the Analects, says, "It means that to love a worthy man with the heart that loves beauty is good."

《羊氏譜》曰：「孚字子道，泰山人。祖楷，尚書郎。父綏，中書郎。孚歴太學博士、州別駕、太尉參軍。年四十六卒。」

The Yangshi pu says, "Fu, whose courtesy name was Zidao, was a man of Taishan. His grandfather Yang Kai was Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs and his father Yang Sui was Gentleman of the Secretariat. Fu served as Erudite of the Imperial Academy, Aide to the Inspector of the province, and Aide to the Grand Commandant. He died at forty-six."

《晉安帝紀》曰：「混字叔源，陳郡人，司空琰少子也。文學砥礪立名。累遷中書令、尚書左僕射。坐黨劉毅伏誅。」《論語》：「子貢問曰：『賜也何如？』子曰：『汝器也。』曰：『何器也？』曰：『瑚璉也。』」鄭玄注曰：「黍稷器。夏曰瑚，殷曰璉。」

The Jin Andi ji says, "Hun, whose courtesy name was Shuyuan, was a man of Chenjun, the younger son of Xie Yan, Minister of Works. He whetted himself on letters and learning and made a name. After several moves he became Director of the Secretariat and Left Vice Director of the Secretariat. He was caught as one of Liu Yi's party and put to death." The Analects says, "Zigong asked, 'What of me?' The Master said, 'You are a vessel.' He said, 'What vessel?' He said, 'A hulian.'" Zheng Xuan notes, "It is a vessel for millet. Xia called it hu and Yin called it lian."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「仲文字仲文，陳郡人。祖融，太常。父康，呉興太守。仲文聞玄平京邑，棄郡投焉。玄甚説之，引爲咨議參軍。時王謐見禮而不親，卞範之被親而少禮。其寵遇隆重，兼於王卞矣。及玄簒位，以佐命親貴，厚自封崇。輿馬器服，窮極綺麗，後房妓妾數十，絲竹不絶音。性甚貪吝，多納賄賂，家累千金，常若不足。玄既敗，先投義軍。累遷侍中尚書。以罪伏誅。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Zhongwen, whose courtesy name was Zhongwen, was a man of Chenjun. His grandfather Yin Rong was Chamberlain for Ceremonials and his father Yin Kang was Governor of Wuxing. When Zhongwen heard that Xuan had brought the capital to order, he left his commandery and went over to him. Xuan was much pleased with him and drew him in as Consultant Aide. At that time Wang Mi was treated with ceremony but not with closeness, and Bian Fanzhi was treated with closeness but with little ceremony, and the weight of the favor and the treatment Zhongwen had joined what Wang and Bian had between them. When Xuan seized the throne, Zhongwen grew close and honored for his merit in helping him to the mandate, and he enfeoffed and exalted himself thickly. His carriages and horses, his vessels and his clothes were as fine and splendid as could be, the singing girls and the concubines in his back rooms were scores, and the sound of strings and pipes never ceased. He was very greedy and grasping by nature and took many bribes, and a thousand pieces of gold piled up in his house, yet he always seemed to lack. When Xuan fell he went over first to the righteous army. After several moves he became Palace Attendant and Master of Writing. He was put to death for a crime."

岳別見。其賦敘曰：「晉十有四年，余年三十二始見二毛，以太尉掾兼虎賁中郎將，寓直散騎之省。髙閣連雲，陽景罕曜。僕野人也，猥廁朝列，譬猶池魚籠鳥！有江湖山藪之思。於是染翰操紙，慨然而賦。於時秋至，故以秋興命篇。」

Yue is treated separately. The preface to his rhapsody says, "In the fourteenth year of Jin, when I was thirty-two, the white hairs first showed in my head, and as an aide to the Grand Commandant I held the post of General of the Household of the Rapid Tigers as well, and lodged on watch in the office of the Cavalier Attendants. The high pavilion reached the clouds and the sunlight seldom shone there. I am a man of the fields, and I was set unworthily in the ranks of the court, like a fish in a pond or a bird in a cage, and I had thoughts of the rivers and the lakes and the hills and the marshes. So I wet my brush and took up paper and made this rhapsody in my feeling. Autumn had come at the time, and so I called the piece the stirring of autumn."

劉謙之《晉紀》曰：「玄欲復虎賁中郎將，疑應直與不，訪之僚佐，咸莫能定。參軍劉簡之對曰：『昔潘岳《秋興賦》敘云：「余兼虎賁中郎將，寓直於散騎之省。」以此言之，是應直也。』玄懽然從之。」此語微異，又答者未知姓名，故詳載之。

Liu Qianzhi's Jin ji says, "Xuan wished to bring back the General of the Household of the Rapid Tigers, and doubting whether the post should keep watch or not he asked his officers and aides, and none of them could settle it. Liu Jianzhi, his Aide, answered, 'Long ago the preface to Pan Yue's "Rhapsody on the Stirring of Autumn" said, "I held the post of General of the Household of the Rapid Tigers as well, and lodged on watch in the office of the Cavalier Attendants." By these words it should keep watch.' Xuan followed it with pleasure." These words differ a little, and the name of the man who answered is not known either, so it is set down here in full.

丘淵之《新集録》曰：「靈運，陳郡陽夏人。祖玄，車騎將軍。父渙，祕書郎。靈運歴祕書監、侍中、臨川内史。以罪伏誅。」

Qiu Yuanzhi's Xinji lu says, "Lingyun was a man of Yangxia in Chenjun. His grandfather Xie Xuan was General of Chariots and Cavalry and his father Xie Huan was Gentleman of the Palace Library. Lingyun served as Director of the Palace Library, Palace Attendant, and Clerk of the Interior of Linchuan. He was put to death for a crime."

宋書曰：「孔淳之字彦深，魯國人。少以辭榮就約，徴聘無所就。元嘉初，散騎郎徴，不到，隱上虞山。」

The Song shu says, "Kong Chunzhi, whose courtesy name was Yanshen, was a man of the state of Lu. In his youth he gave up glory and went to a simple life, and he took up none of the posts he was called to. At the beginning of the Yuanjia years he was called to be Gentleman of the Cavalier Attendants, but he did not come, and he hid on Mount Shangyu."

《莊子》云：「漁父謂孔子曰：『人有畏影惡跡而去之走者，舉足逾數而跡逾多，走逾疾而影不離，自以尚遲，疾走不休，絶力而死。不知處陰以休影，處靜以息跡，愚亦甚矣！子脩心守眞，還以物與人，則無異矣。不脩身而求之人，不亦外事者乎？』」

The Zhuangzi says, "The fisherman said to Confucius, 'There was a man who feared his own shadow and hated his own footprints and ran to be rid of them. The more he lifted his feet the more footprints there were, and the faster he ran the more his shadow clung to him. Thinking himself still too slow, he ran faster and did not rest, and his strength gave out and he died. He did not know that in the shade the shadow rests and in stillness the footprints cease, and his foolishness was great indeed. If you cultivate your heart and keep what is true, and give things back to others, there will be nothing amiss. You do not cultivate yourself and yet you seek it in others. Is that not to busy yourself with what is outside?'"