Square Uprightness世説新語 方正第五

陳寔及紀，並已見。

Chen Shi and Chen Ji have both already appeared.

《楚國先賢傳》曰：「宗承字世林，南陽安衆人。父資，有美譽。承少而修德雅正，确然不群，徴聘不就，聞德而至者如林。魏武弱冠，屢造其門，値賓客猥積，不能得言。乃伺承起，往要之，捉手請交，承拒而不納。帝後爲司空，輔漢朝，乃謂承曰：『卿昔不顧吾，今可爲交未？』承曰：『松柏之志猶存。』帝不説，以其名賢，猶敬禮之。敕文帝修子弟禮，就家拜漢中太守。武帝平冀州，從至鄴，陳群等皆爲之拜。帝猶以舊情介意，薄其位而優其禮，就家訪以朝政，居賓客之右。文帝徴爲直諫大夫。明帝欲引以爲相，以老固辭。」

The Chuguo xianxian zhuan says, "Zong Cheng, whose courtesy name was Shilin, was a man of Anzhong in Nanyang. His father Zi had a fine name. Cheng in his youth cultivated virtue, elegant and upright, and firmly unlike the crowd. He was summoned but would not take office, and those who heard of his virtue and came to him were like a forest. Emperor Wu of Wei, when he was twenty, went often to his gate, but he met with guests piled thick there and could get no word with him. So he watched for Cheng to rise, and went and waylaid him, and took his hand and asked for his friendship, but Cheng refused him and would not receive it. When the emperor later became Minister of Works and aided the court of Han, he said to Cheng, 'You did not look my way in the old days. Now may we be friends?' Cheng said, 'The purpose of the pine and the cypress still remains.' The emperor was not pleased, but because he was a famous worthy he still treated him with courtesy. He ordered Emperor Wen to keep the manners of a son, and went to his house and appointed him Governor of Hanzhong. When Emperor Wu had settled Jizhou and came on to Ye, Chen Qun and the rest all bowed to him. The emperor still kept the old feeling in mind, and lowered his post but made his courtesy generous. He went to his house and asked him about the government of the court, and set him at the head of the guests. Emperor Wen summoned him and made him Grand Counsellor of Direct Remonstrance. Emperor Ming wished to draw him in as chancellor, but he pleaded age and firmly declined."

《華嶠譜敘》曰：「魏受禪，朝臣三公以下，並受爵位。華歆以形色忤時，徙爲司空，不進爵。文帝久不懌，以問尚書令陳群曰：『我應天受命，百辟莫不説喜，形於聲色；而相國及公獨有不怡者，何邪？』群起離席長跪曰：『臣與相國曾事漢朝，心雖説喜，義干其色，亦懼陛下，實應見憎。』帝大説，歎息良久，遂重異之。」

The Hua Jiao puxu says, "When Wei received the abdication, the officers of the court from the Three Dukes down all received ranks and posts. Hua Xin crossed the times by his looks, and was moved to be Minister of Works with no advance in rank. Emperor Wen was long displeased, and asked Chen Qun, the Director of the Department of State Affairs, 'I have answered Heaven and received the mandate, and of the hundred officers there is not one who is not glad, so that it shows in voice and face. Yet the Chancellor of State and you alone are not pleased. Why is this?' Qun rose, left his mat, and knelt upright, and said, 'Your servant and the Chancellor of State once served the court of Han. Our hearts are glad, but what is right breaks in upon our faces, and we fear also that Your Majesty must indeed find us hateful.' The emperor was greatly pleased, and sighed over it a long while, and thereafter held him in weight and in special regard."

《魏志》曰：「淮字伯濟，太原陽曲人。建安中，除平原府丞。黃初元年，奉使賀文帝踐阼，而稽留不及。群臣歡會，帝正色責之曰：『昔禹會諸侯於塗山，防風氏後至，便行大戮。今溥天同慶，而卿最留遲，何也？』淮曰：『臣聞五帝先教，導民以德，夏后政衰，始用刑辟。今臣遭唐虞之世，是以知免防風氏之誅。』帝説之，擢爲雍州刺史，遷征西將軍。淮在關中三十餘年，功績顯著，遷儀同三司，贈大將軍。」

The Wei zhi says, "Huai, whose courtesy name was Boji, was a man of Yangqu in Taiyuan. In the Jian'an years he was appointed Assistant in the prefecture of Pingyuan. In the first year of Huangchu he was sent to offer congratulations on Emperor Wen's accession, but he lingered on the way and came too late. The assembled officers were gathered in gladness, and the emperor set his face and rebuked him, saying, 'Long ago, when Yu gathered the lords at Tushan, the chief of Fangfeng came late, and he was put at once to a great death. Now all under Heaven keeps one festival, and you have been the latest and slowest of all. Why is this?' Huai said, 'Your servant has heard that the Five Emperors put teaching first and led the people by virtue, and that under the House of Xia the government declined and punishments were first used. Now your servant has met with an age of Yao and Shun, and so he knew he would escape the death of the chief of Fangfeng.' The emperor was pleased with him, and raised him to be Inspector of Yongzhou, and moved him to be General Who Conquers the West. Huai was in Guanzhong more than thirty years, and his merits were plain, and he was moved to be Equal in Ceremonial to the Three Offices, and was granted the title of General in Chief."

《魏略》曰：「凌字彦雲，太原祁人。歴司空、太尉、征東將軍。密欲立楚王彪，司馬宣王自討之。凌自縛歸罪，遙謂太傅曰：『卿直以折簡召我，我當不至邪？』太傅曰：『以卿非肯逐折簡者也。』遂使人送至西。凌自知罪重，試索棺釘，以觀太傅意，太傅給之。凌行至項城，夜呼掾屬與決曰：『行年八十，身名倶滅。命邪！』遂自殺。」

The Wei lüe says, "Ling, whose courtesy name was Yanyun, was a man of Qi in Taiyuan. He passed through the posts of Minister of Works, Grand Commandant, and General Who Conquers the East. He secretly wished to set up Cao Biao, the Prince of Chu, and Sima, the Prince Xuan, went himself to punish him. Ling bound himself and came back to his guilt, and called from afar to the Grand Mentor, 'If you had but summoned me with a folded note, would I not have come?' The Grand Mentor said, 'Because you are not a man who would follow a folded note.' So he had men escort him westward. Ling knew himself that his guilt was heavy, and by way of trial he asked for coffin nails, to see the Grand Mentor's mind, and the Grand Mentor gave them to him. Ling went on till he reached Xiangcheng, and at night he called his clerks and his people and took leave of them, saying, 'I am eighty years old, and body and name perish together. Is it fate?' Then he killed himself."

《世語》曰：「淮妻當從坐，侍御史往收。督將及羌胡渠帥數千人叩頭，請淮上表留妻，淮不從。妻上道，莫不流涕，人人扼腕，欲劫留之。淮五子叩頭流血請淮，淮不忍視，乃命追之，於是數千騎往追還。淮以書白司馬宣王曰：『五子哀母，不惜其身。若無其母，是無五子，五子若亡，亦無淮也。今輙追還，若於法未通，當受罪於主者。』書至，宣王乃表原之。」

The Shiyu says, "Guo Huai's wife was to be taken in the same guilt, and an Attendant Censor went to arrest her. The commanding generals and several thousand chiefs of the Qiang and the Hu knocked their heads on the ground and asked Guo Huai to send up a memorial and keep his wife, but Guo Huai would not follow them. When his wife took the road there was no one who did not shed tears, and man after man gripped his own wrist, wishing to seize her and keep her. Guo Huai's five sons knocked their heads until the blood flowed, begging him, and Guo Huai could not bear the sight, and so gave the order to go after her, and at this several thousand horsemen went and brought her back. Guo Huai reported to Sima, the Prince Xuan, in writing, 'My five sons grieve for their mother and do not spare their own bodies. If their mother is gone, this is to have no five sons; and if the five sons die, then there is no Guo Huai either. I have now suddenly had her brought back. If this does not pass with the law, I will take the punishment from those in charge.' When the letter came, the Prince Xuan sent up a memorial and she was pardoned."

《蜀志》曰：「亮字孔明，琅邪陽都人。客於荊州，躬耕隴畝，好爲《梁甫吟》。長八尺，毎自比管仲、樂毅，時人莫之許也。唯博陵崔州平、潁川徐元直謂爲信然。先主屯新野，徐庶見先主曰：『諸葛孔明，臥龍也。將軍豈願見之乎？』先主曰：『君與倶來。』庶曰：『此人可就見，不可屈致也。』先主遂詣亮，謂關羽、張飛曰：『孤之有孔明，猶魚之有水也。』累遷丞相、益州牧。率衆北征，卒於渭南。」

The Shu zhi says, "Liang, whose courtesy name was Kongming, was a man of Yangdu in Langye. He lived as a stranger in Jingzhou, plowed the furrows with his own hands, and liked to sing the Liangfu yin. He was eight feet tall, and always likened himself to Guan Zhong and Yue Yi, but the men of that time would not allow it. Only Cui Zhouping of Boling and Xu Yuanzhi of Yingchuan said that it was truly so. When the Former Lord was encamped at Xinye, Xu Shu saw the Former Lord and said, 'Zhuge Kongming is a crouching dragon. Would the general wish to see him?' The Former Lord said, 'Come together with him.' Shu said, 'This man may be gone to and seen, but he cannot be bent and brought.' The Former Lord then went to Liang, and said to Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, 'My having Kongming is like a fish having water.' Through many moves he came to be chancellor and Governor of Yizhou. He led his host on a northern campaign, and died south of the Wei."

《魏志》曰：「毗字佐治，潁川陽翟人。累遷衞尉。」

The Wei zhi says, "Pi, whose courtesy name was Zuozhi, was a man of Yangdi in Yingchuan. Through many moves he came to be Commandant of the Guards."

《晉陽秋》曰：「諸葛亮寇於郿，據渭水南原，詔使髙祖拒之。亮善撫御，又戎政嚴明，且僑軍遠征，糧運艱澀，利在野戰。朝廷毎聞其出，欲以不戰屈之，髙祖亦以爲然。而擁大軍禦侮於外，不宜遠露怯弱之形以虧大勢，故秣馬坐甲，毎見呑併之威。亮雖挑戰，或遺髙祖巾幗。巾幗，婦女之飾，欲以激怒，冀獲曹咎之利。朝廷慮髙祖不勝忿憤，而衞尉辛毗骨鯁之臣，帝乃使毗仗節爲髙祖軍司馬。亮果復挑戰，髙祖乃奮怒，將出應之，毗仗節中門而立，髙祖乃止。將士聞見者益加勇鋭。識者以人臣雖擁衆千萬而屈於王人，大略深長，皆如此之類也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Zhuge Liang raided Mei and held the high ground south of the Wei River, and by edict Gaozu was made to hold him off. Liang was good at soothing and handling men, and his military government was strict and clear; but he fought far away with an army brought from elsewhere, and the carrying of grain was hard and slow, so his advantage lay in battle in the open. Whenever the court heard that he had come out, it wished to bend him without fighting, and Gaozu thought so too. Yet while he held a great army and guarded against insult abroad, it was not fitting to show a timid and weak shape far off and so mar the great position. Therefore he fed his horses and sat in his armor, and each time showed the might that swallows an enemy up. Liang for his part provoked battle, and once sent Gaozu a woman's head cloth. The head cloth is a woman's ornament, and by it he meant to stir him to anger, hoping to gain the advantage that was had over Cao Jiu. The court feared that Gaozu would not master his rage, and since Xin Pi, the Commandant of the Guards, was an officer with a backbone, the emperor made Pi take the staff of authority and be Marshal of Gaozu's army. Liang did indeed provoke battle again, and Gaozu roused himself in anger and was about to go out and answer him, but Pi stood in the middle gate leaning on the staff, and Gaozu then stopped. The officers and men who heard and saw it grew braver and keener still. Those who understood said that a subject, though he hold a host of ten million, bends before the king's man, and that a great plan, deep and long, is always of this kind."

《魏氏春秋》曰：「玄字太初，譙國人，夏侯尚之子，大將軍前妻兄也。風格髙朗，弘辯博暢。正始中，護軍。曹爽誅，徴爲太常。内知不免，不交人事，不畜筆研。及太傅薨，許允謂玄曰：『子無復憂矣！』玄歎曰：『士宗，卿何不見事乎？此人尤能以通家年少遇我，子元、子上不吾容也。』後中書令李豐惡大將軍執政，遂謀以玄代之。大將軍聞其謀，誅豐，收玄送廷尉。」干寶《晉紀》曰：「初，豐之謀也，使告玄，玄答曰：『宜詳之爾，不以聞也。』故及於難。」

The Weishi chunqiu says, "Xuan, whose courtesy name was Taichu, was a man of Qiao, the son of Xiahou Shang and the elder brother of the General in Chief's former wife. His bearing and style were high and bright, and he argued widely and flowed freely. In the Zhengshi years he was Protector of the Army. When Cao Shuang was put to death, Xuan was summoned and made Chamberlain for Ceremonials. Within himself he knew he would not escape, so he had no dealings with men and kept neither brush nor inkstone. When the Grand Mentor died, Xu Yun said to Xuan, 'You have nothing more to fear.' Xuan sighed and said, 'Shizong, how is it that you do not see the matter? That man could still meet me as a young man of a house long allied with mine, but Ziyuan and Zishang will not hold me.' Later Li Feng, the Director of the Secretariat, hated the General in Chief's grip on the government, and plotted to put Xuan in his place. The General in Chief heard of the plot, put Feng to death, and seized Xuan and sent him to the Commandant of Justice." Gan Bao's Jin ji says, "At first, when Feng laid his plot, he had Xuan told of it, and Xuan answered, 'You should look well to it,' and no more; he did not report it. And so he came to grief."

《世語》曰：「玄至廷尉，不肯下辭，廷尉鍾毓自臨履玄。玄正色曰：『吾當何辭？爲令史責人邪？卿便爲吾作。』毓以玄名士，節髙不可屈，而獄當竟，夜爲作辭，令與事相附。流涕以示玄，玄視之曰：『不當若是邪？』鍾會年少於玄，玄不與交，是日於毓坐狎玄，玄正色曰：『鍾君，何得如是！』」《名士傳》曰：「初，玄以鍾毓志趣不同，不與之交。玄被收時，毓爲廷尉，執玄手曰：『太初何至於此？』玄正色曰：『雖復刑餘之人，不可得交。』」按：郭頒，西晉人，時世相近，爲《晉魏世語》，事多詳覈。孫盛之徒皆采以著書，並云玄距鍾會。而袁宏《名士傳》最後出，不依前史，以爲鍾毓，可謂謬矣。

The Shiyu says, "When Xuan came to the Commandant of Justice he would not set down a deposition, and Zhong Yu, the Commandant of Justice, went himself to deal with him. Xuan set his face and said, 'What am I to depose? This is for a clerk to press a man with. You had better write it for me.' Yu knew that Xuan was a famous gentleman, too high in honor to be bent, yet the case had to be brought to an end, so at night he wrote the deposition for him and made it fit the facts. Shedding tears, he showed it to Xuan, and Xuan looked at it and said, 'Should it not be like this?' Zhong Hui was younger than Xuan, and Xuan would not be his friend. On that day, at Yu's seat, he treated Xuan familiarly, and Xuan set his face and said, 'Master Zhong, how can you do so?'" The Mingshi zhuan says, "At first Xuan would not be Zhong Yu's friend, because their aims and leanings were not the same. When Xuan was seized, Yu was Commandant of Justice, and he took Xuan's hand and said, 'Taichu, how have you come to this?' Xuan set his face and said, 'Though I am now a man who has suffered punishment, I cannot be your friend.'" On examination: Guo Ban was a man of the Western Jin, near in time to these things, and he made the Jin Wei shiyu, in which matters are mostly detailed and sifted. Sun Sheng and his like all drew on it in making their books, and all say that Xuan rebuffed Zhong Hui. But Yuan Hong's Mingshi zhuan came out last of all, and did not lean on the earlier histories, and made it Zhong Yu, which may be called an error.

《魏志》曰：「玄格量弘濟，臨斬，顏色不異，舉止自若。」

The Wei zhi says, "Xuan's frame and measure were broad and saving. When he came to be beheaded his face did not change and his bearing was as usual."

《世語》曰：「本字休元，臨淮東陽人。」《魏志》曰：「本，廣陵東陽人。父矯，司徒。本歴郡守、廷尉。所在操綱領，舉大體，能使群下自盡，有率御之才。不親小事，不讀法律，而得廷尉之稱。遷鎭北將軍。」

The Shiyu says, "Ben, whose courtesy name was Xiuyuan, was a man of Dongyang in Linhuai." The Wei zhi says, "Ben was a man of Dongyang in Guangling. His father Jiao was Minister over the Masses. Ben passed through the posts of Governor and Commandant of Justice. Wherever he was he grasped the main cords and raised up the large body of things, and could make those below him give their utmost; he had the talent of leading and handling men. He did not put his own hand to small matters and did not read the statutes, yet he won the name of a Commandant of Justice. He was moved to be General Who Guards the North."

《晉陽秋》曰：「騫字休淵，司徒第二子，無謇諤風，滑稽而多智謀。仕至大司馬。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Qian, whose courtesy name was Xiuyuan, was the second son of the Minister over the Masses. He had nothing of the bearing of blunt speech, but was droll and full of schemes. He rose in office to Grand Marshal."

《名士傳》曰：「玄以鄕黨貴齒，本不論德位，年長者必爲拜。與陳本母前飲，騫來而出，其可得同，不可得而雜者也。」

The Mingshi zhuan says, "Xuan held that in the home village age is honored, and did not reckon virtue or rank, but always bowed to those older than himself. He was drinking before Chen Ben's mother, and when Qian came he went out. This is what is meant by being together but not being mixed."

《魏志》曰：「髙貴鄕公諱髦，字彦士，文帝孫，東海定王霖之子也。初封郯縣。髙貴鄕公好學夙成。齊王廢，群臣迎之，即皇帝位。」《漢晉春秋》曰：「自曹芳事後，魏人省徹宿衞，無復鎧甲，諸門戎兵，老弱而已。曹髦見威權日去，不勝其忿，召侍中王沈、尚書王經、散騎常侍王業謂曰：『司馬昭之心，路人所知也。吾不能坐受廢辱，今日當與卿自出討之。』王經諫不聽，乃出懷中板令投地曰：『行之決矣！正使死，何所恨！況不必死邪？』於是入白太后。沈業奔走告昭，昭爲之備。髦遂率僮僕數百，鼓譟而出。昭弟屯騎校尉伷入，遇髦於東止車門，左右訶之，伷衆奔走。中護軍賈充又逆髦，戰於南闕下。髦自用劍，衆欲退。太子舍人成濟問充曰：『事急矣！當云何？』充曰：『公畜汝等，正爲今日。今日之事，無所問也。』濟即前刺髦，刃出於背。」《魏氏春秋》曰：「帝將誅大將軍，詔有司復進位相國，加九錫。帝夜自將宂從僕射李昭、黃門從官焦伯等下陵雲臺，鎧仗授兵，欲因際會，遣使自出致討，會雨而卻。明日，遂見王經等，出黃素詔於懷曰：『是可忍也，孰不可忍？今當決行此事。』帝遂拔劍升輦，率殿中宿衞倉頭官僮，撃戰鼓，出雲龍門。賈充自外而入，帝師潰散，帝猶稱天子，手劍奮撃，衆莫敢逼。充率厲將士，騎督成倅、弟濟以矛進，帝崩於師。時暴雨，雷電晦冥。」

The Wei zhi says, "The Duke of Gaogui Village had the taboo name Mao and the style Yanshi. He was a grandson of Emperor Wen and the son of Lin, the Prince Ding of Donghai. At first he was enfeoffed in Tan County. The Duke of Gaogui Village loved learning and came early to his growth. When the Prince of Qi was deposed, the assembled officers welcomed him, and he ascended the throne as emperor." The Han Jin chunqiu says, "After the affair of Cao Fang, the men of Wei cut down the palace guard, so that there were no more coats of mail, and the soldiers at the several gates were only the old and the weak. Cao Mao saw that majesty and power were leaving him day by day, and could not master his anger. He called Wang Chen the Palace Attendant, Wang Jing the Imperial Secretary, and Wang Ye the Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary, and said to them, 'Sima Zhao's heart is known even to men in the road. I cannot sit and take deposing and disgrace. Today I shall go out with you, my lords, and punish him myself.' Wang Jing remonstrated, but he would not listen, and he drew the tablet from his breast and threw it on the ground and said, 'It is settled that I do it. Even if I die, what is there to regret? And how much more when I shall not surely die!' Then he went in and told the empress dowager. Chen and Ye ran off and told Zhao, and Zhao made ready against him. Mao then led several hundred servants and slaves and went out with drums and shouting. Zhao's younger brother Zhou, Commandant of the Garrison Cavalry, was coming in and met Mao at the Eastern Carriage Halt Gate; the attendants shouted at him, and Zhou's men ran away. Jia Chong, Army Protector of the Center, met Mao next, and they fought below the southern watchtower. Mao used his sword himself, and the men were about to draw back. Cheng Ji, a Secretarial Receptionist of the Heir Apparent, asked Chong, 'The matter is urgent. What is to be done?' Chong said, 'His Lordship has kept you and the rest for just this day. About today's business there is nothing to ask.' Ji went forward at once and stabbed Mao, and the blade came out at his back." The Weishi chunqiu says, "The emperor was about to put the General in Chief to death, and by edict the officers in charge again advanced him to the post of Chancellor of State and added the Nine Bestowals. That night the emperor himself led Li Zhao, Supervisor of the Supernumerary Attendants, and Jiao Bo, an attendant officer of the Yellow Gate, and the rest down to the Lingyun Terrace, and gave out armor and weapons to the troops, meaning to take the chance of the meeting and send an envoy while he went out himself to punish him; but rain came and he drew back. The next day he saw Wang Jing and the others, and took a yellow silk edict from his breast and said, 'If this can be borne, what cannot be borne? Now I shall settle the matter and do it.' The emperor then drew his sword and mounted his carriage, led the palace guards and the bondmen and the office slaves, beat the war drum, and went out at the Yunlong Gate. Jia Chong came in from outside and the emperor's troops broke and scattered; but the emperor still called himself Son of Heaven, and struck out with the sword in his own hand, and none of them dared come near. Chong drove his officers and men and urged them on, and Cheng Cui, Commander of Cavalry, and his younger brother Ji came forward with spears, and the emperor died among the soldiers. At that time there was a violent rain, and thunder and lightning and darkness."

《魏志》曰：「泰字玄伯，司空群之子也。」

The Wei zhi says, "Tai, whose courtesy name was Xuanbo, was the son of Qun, the Minister of Works."

干寶《晉紀》曰：「髙貴鄕公之殺，司馬文王召朝臣謀其故，太常陳泰不至。使其舅荀顗召之，告以可不。泰曰：『世之論者，以泰方於舅，今舅不如泰也。』子弟内外咸共逼之，垂涕而入。文王待之曲室，謂曰：『玄伯，卿何以處我？』對曰：『可誅賈充以謝天下。』文王曰：『爲吾更思其次。』泰曰：『唯有進於此，不知其次。』文王乃止。」《漢晉春秋》曰：「曹髦之薨，司馬昭聞之，自投於地曰：『天下謂我何？』於是召百官議其事。昭垂涕問陳泰曰：『何以居我？』泰曰：「公光輔數世，功蓋天下，謂當並跡古人，垂美於後，一旦有殺君之事，不亦惜乎！速斬賈充，猶可以自明也。』昭曰：『公閭不可得殺也，卿更思餘計。』泰厲聲曰：『意唯有進於此耳，餘無足委者也。』歸而自殺。」《魏氏春秋》曰：「泰勸大將軍誅賈充，大將軍曰：『卿更思其他。』泰曰：『豈可使泰復發後言。』遂嘔血死。」

Gan Bao's Jin ji says, "When the Duke of Gaogui Village was killed, Sima, the Prince Wen, called the officers of the court to plan about the reason for it, but Chen Tai, the Chamberlain for Ceremonials, did not come. He had Tai's uncle on his mother's side, Xun Yi, summon him and tell him what might be done and what might not. Tai said, 'Those who judge in the world set me beside my uncle, but now my uncle is not my equal.' His sons and younger brothers and all within and without pressed him together, and he went in with his tears falling. The Prince Wen received him in an inner chamber and said to him, 'Xuanbo, how will you dispose of me?' He answered, 'You may put Jia Chong to death and so apologize to the empire.' The Prince Wen said, 'Think again for me of the next thing after that.' Tai said, 'There is only what goes beyond this. I do not know the next thing.' The Prince Wen then stopped." The Han Jin chunqiu says, "When Cao Mao died, Sima Zhao heard of it and threw himself on the ground and said, 'What will the empire say of me?' Then he called the hundred officers and discussed the matter. Zhao let his tears fall and asked Chen Tai, 'How will you place me?' Tai said, 'Your Lordship has brightly aided several reigns, and your merit covers the empire, and we said that you would set your traces beside the men of old and hand down beauty to those who come after. Now in one morning there is the killing of a ruler. Is it not a pity? If you quickly behead Jia Chong, you may still make yourself clear.' Zhao said, 'Gonglü cannot be killed. Think, my lord, of some other reckoning.' Tai said in a stern voice, 'My thought is only of what goes beyond this. For the rest there is nothing worth entrusting.' He went home and killed himself." The Weishi chunqiu says, "Tai urged the General in Chief to put Jia Chong to death, and the General in Chief said, 'Think, my lord, of something else.' Tai said, 'How can you make me utter yet a later word?' Then he vomited blood and died."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「嶠字長輿，汝南西平人。父逌，太常，知名。嶠少以雅量稱，深爲賈充所知，毎向世祖稱之。歴尚書、太子少傅。」干寶《晉紀》曰：「皇太子有醇古之風，美於信受。侍中和嶠數言於上曰：『季世多僞，而太子信，非四海之主。憂太子不了陛下家事，願追思文武之阼。』上既重長適，又懷齊王，朋黨之論弗入也。後上謂嶠曰：『太子近入朝，吾謂差進，卿可與荀侍中共徃言。』及顗奉詔還，對上曰：『太子明識弘新，有如明詔。』問嶠，嶠對曰：『聖質如初。』上默然。」《晉陽秋》曰：「世祖疑惠帝不可承繼大業，遣和嶠、荀朂往觀察之。既見，朂稱歎曰：『太子德更進茂，不同於故。』嶠曰：『皇太子聖質如初，此陛下家事，非臣所盡。』天下聞之，莫不稱嶠爲忠，而欲灰滅朂也。」按：荀顗淸雅，性不阿諛。校之二説，則孫盛爲得也。

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Qiao, whose courtesy name was Changyu, was a man of Xiping in Runan. His father You was Chamberlain for Ceremonials and was known by name. Qiao in his youth was praised for his elegant capacity, and was deeply known to Jia Chong, who always spoke of him to Shizu. He passed through the posts of Imperial Secretary and Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent." Gan Bao's Jin ji says, "The Imperial Heir had a pure and ancient bearing, and was fine in his trusting and receiving. He Qiao, the Palace Attendant, said often to the sovereign, 'In a late age there is much falsehood, and the heir apparent trusts. He is not a lord for the four seas. I fear that the heir apparent will not make clear Your Majesty's house matters. I pray you look back and think on the throne of Wen and Wu.' The sovereign already held his eldest son in weight, and had the Prince of Qi in mind as well, so the talk of factions did not get in. Later the sovereign said to Qiao, 'The heir apparent has come to court of late, and I think him somewhat advanced. You, my lord, may go with Xun, the Palace Attendant, and speak with him.' When Yi came back with the edict fulfilled, he said to the sovereign, 'The heir apparent's understanding is clear and wide and new, just as your bright edict said.' He asked Qiao, and Qiao answered, 'His sage substance is as it was at first.' The sovereign was silent." The Jin yangqiu says, "Shizu doubted whether Emperor Hui could take up the great work and carry it on, and sent He Qiao and Xun Xu to go and observe him. When they had seen him, Xu praised him and sighed, 'The heir apparent's virtue has advanced and grown rich; he is not as he was before.' Qiao said, 'The Imperial Heir's sage substance is as it was at first. This is Your Majesty's house matter, and not what your servant can settle.' When the empire heard of it there was no one who did not call Qiao loyal, and they would have burned Xu to ashes." On examination: Xun Yi was pure and elegant, and by nature no flatterer. Set the two accounts side by side, and Sun Sheng has it right.

《晉諸公贊》曰：「呉亡，靚入洛，以父誕爲太祖所殺，誓不見世祖。世祖叔母琅邪王妃，靚之姊也。帝後因靚在姊間，往就見焉，靚逃於廁中，於是以至孝發名。時嵇康亦被法，而康子紹死蕩陰之役。談者咸曰：『觀紹靚二人，然後知忠孝之道，區以別矣。』」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "When Wu fell, Jing went into Luoyang; but because his father Dan had been killed by Taizu, he swore he would not see Shizu. Shizu's aunt, the consort of the Prince of Langye, was Jing's elder sister. The emperor later took the chance of Jing's being in his sister's room and went there to see him, but Jing hid in the privy, and by this he made a name for utmost filial piety. At that time Xi Kang too had suffered the law, and Kang's son Shao died in the battle of Dangyin. Those who talked all said, 'Only after looking at these two men, Shao and Jing, does one know that the ways of loyalty and of filial piety are marked off one from the other.'"

《晉諸公贊》曰：「齊王當出藩，而王濟諫請無數，又累遣常山主與婦長廣公主共入稽顙，陳乞留之。世祖甚恚，謂王戎曰：『我兄弟至親，今出齊王，自朕家計，而甄德、王濟連遣婦入來，生哭人邪？濟等尚爾，況餘者乎？』濟自此被責，左遷國子祭酒。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "The Prince of Qi was to go out to his fief, and Wang Ji remonstrated and pleaded times without number, and again and again sent in the Princess of Changshan and his wife the Princess of Changguang together to knock their heads on the ground and beg that he be kept. Shizu was greatly angered and said to Wang Rong, 'We brothers are of the closest kin, and sending out the Prince of Qi now is my own household reckoning. Yet Zhen De and Wang Ji send their wives in one after another. Would they wail for a living man? If Ji and the rest are like this, how much more the others?' From this Ji was rebuked, and was sent down to be Libationer of the Directorate of Education."

《漢書》曰：「淮南厲王長，髙祖少子也。有罪，文帝徙之於蜀，不食而死。民作歌曰：『一尺布，尚可縫；一斗粟、尚可舂。兄弟二人，不能相容。』瓚注曰：『言一尺布帛，可縫而共衣；一斗米粟、可舂而共食。況以天下之廣，而不相容也。』」

The Han shu says, "Liu Chang, the Prince Li of Huainan, was a younger son of Gaozu. He was guilty of a crime, and Emperor Wen moved him to Shu, and he would not eat and died. The people made a song, saying, 'A foot of cloth may yet be sewn; a peck of millet may yet be husked. Two men, and brothers, and they cannot hold each other.' Zan notes, 'This says that a foot of cloth or silk can be sewn and worn together, and a peck of rice or millet can be husked and eaten together; how much more, then, with the breadth of the empire, that they could not hold each other.'"

王隱《晉書》曰：「預字元凱，京兆杜陵人，漢御史大夫延年十一世孫。祖畿，魏太保。父恕，幽州、荊州刺史。預智謀淵博，明於治亂，常稱立德者非所企及，立功、立言所庶幾也。累遷河南尹，爲鎭南將軍，都督荊州諸軍事，鎭襄陽。以平呉勳封當陽侯。預無伎藝之能，身不跨馬，射不穿札，而毎有大事，輙在將帥之限。贈征南將軍，儀同三司。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Yu, whose courtesy name was Yuankai, was a man of Duling in Jingzhao, an eleventh-generation descendant of Du Yannian, Grandee Secretary of Han. His grandfather Ji was Grand Guardian of Wei. His father Shu was Inspector of Youzhou and of Jingzhou. Yu's wisdom and planning were deep and broad, and he was clear about order and disorder. He always said that to establish virtue was not what he could hope to reach, but that to establish merit and to establish words were nearly within his hope. Through many moves he came to be Intendant of Henan, and he became General Who Guards the South, Area Commander of the armies of Jingzhou, and held Xiangyang. For his merit in settling Wu he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dangyang. Yu had no skill in the arts; his body could not bestride a horse, and his arrows would not pierce a plate; yet whenever there was a great matter he was at once within the rank of commanders. He was granted the titles of General Who Conquers the South and Equal in Ceremonial to the Three Offices."

《八王故事》曰：「濟字文通，弘農人，楊駿弟也。有才識，累遷太子太保，與駿同誅。」

The Bawang gushi says, "Ji, whose courtesy name was Wentong, was a man of Hongnong, and the younger brother of Yang Jun. He had talent and discernment, and through many moves came to be Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and was put to death together with Jun."

《語林》曰：「中朝方鎭還，不與元凱共坐。預征呉還，獨榻，不與賓客共也。」

The Yulin says, "Even when the Governors of the central court came back, they did not sit together with Yuankai. When Yu came back from the campaign against Wu, he kept a couch to himself and did not share it with his guests."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「羊琇字穉舒，泰山人。通濟有才榦，與世祖同年相善，謂世祖曰：『後富貴時，見用作領護軍各十年。』世祖即位，累遷左將軍、特進。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Yang Xiu, whose courtesy name was Zhishu, was a man of Taishan. He was open and helpful and had ability, and being of the same age as Shizu he was on good terms with him. He said to Shizu, 'When you are rich and noble in days to come, use me as Commander of the Army and as Protector of the Army, ten years each.' When Shizu came to the throne, Xiu through many moves came to be General of the Left and Specially Advanced."

虞預《晉書》曰：「朂字公曾，潁川潁陰人，漢司空爽曾孫也。十餘歳能屬文，外祖鍾繇曰：『此兒當及其曾祖。』爲安陽令，民生爲立祠，累遷侍中、中書監。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Xu, whose courtesy name was Gongzeng, was a man of Yingyin in Yingchuan, a great-grandson of Shuang, Minister of Works under Han. At little more than ten he could compose writing, and his mother's father Zhong Yao said, 'This boy will come up to his great-grandfather.' He became Prefect of Anyang, and the people set up a shrine to him while he was yet alive, and through many moves he came to be Palace Attendant and Supervisor of the Secretariat."

王隱《晉書》曰：「朂性佞媚，譽太子，出齊王，當時私議，損國害民，孫劉之匹也。後世若有良史，當著《佞倖傳》。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Xu was flattering and fawning by nature. He praised the heir apparent and had the Prince of Qi sent out, and in the private talk of the time he was said to lessen the state and harm the people, a match for Sun and Liu. If in a later age there is a good historian, he ought to write a Ningxing zhuan."

曹嘉之《晉紀》曰：「中書監、令常同車入朝。至和嶠爲令，而荀朂爲監，嶠意強抗，專車而坐，乃使監、令異車，自此始也。」

Cao Jiazhi's Jin ji says, "The Supervisor and the Director of the Secretariat always went to court together in one carriage. When it came to He Qiao being Director and Xun Xu Supervisor, Qiao's will was stiff against him, and he took the carriage to himself and sat in it. So the Supervisor and the Director came to have separate carriages, and it began from this."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「山該字伯倫，司徒濤長子也。雄有器識，仕至左衞將軍。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Shan Gai, whose courtesy name was Bolun, was the eldest son of Tao, the Minister over the Masses. He was bold and had capacity and discernment, and rose in office to General of the Guards of the Left."

《漢晉春秋》曰：「雄字茂伯，河内人。」《世語》曰：「雄有節概，仕至黃門郎、護軍將軍。」按：王隱、孫盛不與故君相聞議曰：「昔在晉初，河内温縣領校向雄，送御犧牛，不先呈郡，輙隨比送洛。値天大熱，郡送牛多暍死。臺法甚重，太守呉奮召雄與杖，雄不受杖，曰：『郡牛者亦死也；呈牛者亦死也。』奮大怒，下雄獄，將大治之。會司隸辟雄都官從事，數年，爲黃門侍郎。奮爲侍中，同省，相避不相見。武帝聞之，給雄酒禮，使詣奮解，雄乃奉詔。」此則非劉淮也。《晉諸公贊》曰：「淮字君平，沛國杼秋人。少以淸正稱。累遷河内太守、侍中、尚書僕射、司徒。」

The Han Jin chunqiu says, "Xiong, whose courtesy name was Maobo, was a man of Henei." The Shiyu says, "Xiong had honor and spirit, and rose in office to Gentleman of the Yellow Gate and General and Protector of the Army." On examination: Wang Yin and Sun Sheng, discussing the keeping of no word with a former lord, say, "Long ago, at the beginning of Jin, Xiang Xiong, the acting commandant of Wen County in Henei, sent up the sacrificial ox for the sovereign, and instead of showing it first to the commandery he sent it straight on to Luoyang with the others. It happened that the weather was very hot, and many of the oxen the commandery sent died of the heat. The law of the Terrace was very heavy, so Wu Fen, the Governor, called Xiong to be beaten with the rod. Xiong would not take the beating, and said, 'The commandery's oxen die too, and the oxen sent up die too.' Fen was greatly angered, and sent Xiong down to prison, meaning to deal with him severely. It happened that the Metropolitan Commandant called Xiong to be Attendant Clerk of the Capital Office, and in a few years he became Gentleman Attendant of the Yellow Gate. Fen became Palace Attendant, and they were in the same office, but they avoided each other and would not meet. Emperor Wu heard of it and gave Xiong wine and the rites of courtesy, and made him go to Fen and make it up, and Xiong then obeyed the edict." This then was not Liu Huai. The Jin zhugong zan says, "Huai, whose courtesy name was Junping, was a man of Zhuqiu in the state of Pei. In youth he was praised for purity and uprightness. Through many moves he came to be Governor of Henei, Palace Attendant, Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Minister over the Masses."

《禮記》曰：「穆公問於子思曰：『爲舊君反服，古邪？』子思曰：『古之君子，進人以禮，退人以禮，故有舊君反服之禮；今之君子，進人若將加諸淵，退人若將墜諸淵。無爲戎首，不亦善乎，又何反服之有？』」鄭玄曰：「爲兵主求攻伐，故曰戎首也。」

The Li ji says, "Duke Mu asked Zisi, 'Is it the ancient rule to put on mourning again for a former lord?' Zisi said, 'The gentleman of old advanced a man with courtesy and put him back with courtesy, and so there was the rite of putting on mourning again for a former lord. The gentleman of today, when he advances a man, would push him into an abyss, and when he puts him back, would drop him into an abyss. Not to become the leader of a war against him, is that not good enough? And what putting on of mourning again should there be?'" Zheng Xuan says, "To be master of the troops and seek to attack is why he is called the leader of the war."

虞預《晉書》曰：「冏字景治，齊王攸子也。少聰惠，及長，謙約好施。趙王倫篡位，冏起義兵誅倫，拜大司馬，加九錫，政皆決之。而恣用群小，不復朝覲，遂爲長沙王所誅。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Jiong, whose courtesy name was Jingzhi, was the son of You, the Prince of Qi. In youth he was bright and wise, and when he grew up he was modest and frugal and liked to give. When Lun, the Prince of Zhao, seized the throne, Jiong raised righteous troops and put Lun to death, and was appointed Grand Marshal and given the Nine Bestowals, and all government was settled by him. But he used a crowd of petty men as he pleased and no longer came to court, and in the end he was put to death by the Prince of Changsha."

《齊王官屬名》曰：「旟字虚旟，齊王從事中郎。」《晉陽秋》曰：「齊王起義，轉長史。既克趙王倫，與董艾等專執威權。冏敗，見誅。」

The Qi wang guanshu ming says, "Yu, whose courtesy name was Xuyu, was Attendant Gentleman of the Prince of Qi." The Jin yangqiu says, "When the Prince of Qi raised his righteous army, Yu was moved to be Chief Clerk. When they had overcome Lun, the Prince of Zhao, he and Dong Ai and the others held might and power to themselves. When Jiong fell, he was put to death."

《八王故事》曰：「艾字叔智，弘農人。祖遇，魏侍中。父緩，祕書監。艾少好功名，不修士檢。齊王起義，艾爲新汲令，赴軍，用艾領右將軍。王敗，見誅。」

The Bawang gushi says, "Ai, whose courtesy name was Shuzhi, was a man of Hongnong. His grandfather Yu was Palace Attendant of Wei. His father Huan was Director of the Palace Library. Ai in youth loved merit and fame and did not cultivate a gentleman's restraint. When the Prince of Qi raised his righteous army, Ai was Prefect of Xinji, and he went to the army, and Ai was made to take charge as General of the Right. When the prince fell, he was put to death."

《世語》曰：「志字子通，范陽人，尚書珽少子。少知名。起家鄴令，歴成都王長史、衞尉卿、尚書郎。」

The Shiyu says, "Zhi, whose courtesy name was Zitong, was a man of Fanyang, the younger son of Ting the Imperial Secretary. In youth he was known by name. He began his career as Prefect of Ye, and passed through the posts of Chief Clerk to the Prince of Chengdu, Chamberlain of the Guards, and Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs."

抗，已見。《呉書》曰：「遜字伯言，呉郡人，世爲冠族。初領海昌令，號神君，累遷丞相。」

Kang has already appeared. The Wu shu says, "Xun, whose courtesy name was Boyan, was a man of the Wu commandery, and his house was for generations the first of clans. At first he held the post of Prefect of Haichang and was called the divine lord, and through many moves he came to be chancellor."

《魏志》曰：「毓字子家，涿人。父植，有名於世。累遷吏部郎、尚書。選舉，先性行而後言才，進司空。珽，咸熙中爲泰山太守，字子笏，位至尚書。」

The Wei zhi says, "Yu, whose courtesy name was Zijia, was a man of Zhuo. His father Zhi had a name in the world. Through many moves he came to be Gentleman of the Bureau of Personnel and Imperial Secretary. In choosing men he put nature and conduct first and skill in words after, and he advanced to Minister of Works. Ting in the Xianxi years was Governor of Taishan; his style was Zihu, and his place rose to Imperial Secretary."

雲，別見。

This is Lu Yun; he appears elsewhere.

《孔氏志怪》曰：「盧充者，范陽人。家西三十里有崔少府墓。充先冬至一日，出家西獵，見一獐，舉弓而射，即中之。獐倒而復起，充逐之，不覺遠。忽見一里門如府舍，門中一鈴下有唱家前。充問：『此何府也？』答曰：『少府府也。』充曰：『我衣惡，那得見貴人？』即有人提襥新衣迎之。充著盡可體，便進見少府，展姓名。酒炙數行，崔曰：『近得尊府君書，爲君索小女婚，故相延耳。』即舉書示充。充，父亡時雖小，然已見父手跡，便歔欷無辭。崔即敕内，令女郎莊嚴，使充就東廊。充至，婦已下車，立席頭，共拜。爲三日畢，還見崔。崔曰：『君可歸矣。女有娠相，生男，當以相還；生女，當留自養。』敕外嚴車送客。崔送至門，執手零涕，離別之感，無異生人。復致衣一襲，被褥一副。充便上車，去如電逝，須臾至家。家人相見，悲喜推問，知崔是亡人，而入其墓，追以懊惋。居四年，三月三日臨水戲，忽見一犢車，乍浮乍沒。既上岸，充往開車後戸，見崔氏女與三歳男兒共載。充見之忻然，欲捉其手。女舉手指後車曰：『府君見人。』即見少府，充往問訊。女抱兒還充，又與金盌，別，并贈詩曰：『煌煌靈芝質，光麗何猗猗！華豔當時顯，嘉異表神奇。含英未及秀，中夏罹霜萎。榮曜長幽滅，世路永無施。不悟陰陽運，哲人忽來儀。會淺離別速，皆由靈與祇。何以贈余親，金盌可頤兒。愛恩從此別，斷絶傷肝脾。』充取兒盌及詩，忽不見二車處。將兒還，四坐謂是鬼魅，僉遙唾之，形如故。問兒：『誰是汝父？』兒逕就充懷。衆初怪惡，傳省其詩，慨然歎死生之玄通也。充詣市賣盌，髙舉其價，不欲速售，冀有識者。欻有一老婢，問充得盌之由。還報其大家，即女姨也。遣視之，果是。謂充曰：『我姨姊，崔少府女，未嫁而亡，家親痛之，贈一金盌，箸棺中。今視卿盌甚似，得盌本末，可得聞不？』充以事對。即詣充家迎兒。兒有崔氏狀，又似充貌。姨曰：『我舅甥三月末閒産。父曰春暖，温也，願休強也。即字温休。温休蓋幽婚也。其兆先彰矣。兒遂成爲令器。歴數郡二千石，皆著績。其後生植，爲漢尚書。植子毓，爲魏司空。冠蓋相承至今也。」

The Kongshi zhiguai says, "Lu Chong was a man of Fanyang. Thirty li west of his house was the tomb of Cui, the Junior Chamberlain. One day before the winter solstice Chong went out west of his house to hunt, and saw a roe deer, and raised his bow and shot and hit it at once. The deer fell and rose again, and Chong chased it and did not notice how far he had gone. Suddenly he saw a village gate like an office building, and inside the gate a servant called out, 'Come up to the house.' Chong asked, 'What office is this?' He answered, 'It is the office of the Junior Chamberlain.' Chong said, 'My clothes are poor. How can I see a noble man?' At once someone came to meet him holding new clothes in a bundle. Chong put them on and they fitted him in every part. Then he went in and saw the Junior Chamberlain and gave his surname and his name. When the wine and the roast had gone round a few times, Cui said, 'Lately I had a letter from your honored father, asking my younger daughter in marriage for you. That is why I have brought you here.' And he held up the letter and showed it to Chong. Chong had been small when his father died, yet he had seen his father's hand, and he sobbed and had no words. Cui at once gave orders within for the young lady to be adorned, and had Chong go to the eastern gallery. When Chong came, the bride had already got down from her carriage and was standing at the head of the mat, and they bowed together. When three days were done, he went back and saw Cui. Cui said, 'You may go home now. My daughter has the look of being with child. If she bears a boy, I shall send him back to you; if she bears a girl, I shall keep her and rear her myself.' And he gave orders outside for a carriage to be made ready and the guest sent off. Cui saw him to the gate, and took his hand and let his tears fall, and the feeling of parting was no different from that of a living man. He gave him besides a suit of clothes and a set of quilt and mattress. Chong then mounted the carriage, and it went like lightning, and in a moment he was at home. When his household saw him they were sad and glad, and pressed him with questions, and learned that Cui was a dead man and that he had gone into his tomb, and afterward they grieved over it. Four years later, on the third day of the third month, he was playing by the water, and suddenly saw a calf carriage, now floating, now sinking. When it came up on the bank, Chong went and opened the door at the back of the carriage, and saw Cui's daughter riding with a boy of three. Chong was glad to see her and would have taken her hand. The woman raised her hand and pointed to the carriage behind and said, 'My lord father is looking at you.' At once the Junior Chamberlain appeared, and Chong went and paid his respects. The woman took the boy in her arms and gave him back to Chong, and gave him a golden bowl as well, and at parting she gave him a poem besides. 'Shining was the substance of the holy fungus, and how rich and lovely its light! Its flower and beauty showed forth in their time, and its rare excellence made known a divine strangeness. It held the blossom and had not yet come to its full, when in midsummer it met the frost and withered. Its brightness has gone out forever in the dark, and on the roads of the world there is no more giving. I did not understand the turning of yin and yang, and the wise man came of a sudden and appeared. Our meeting was shallow and our parting swift, and all of it came from the spirits and the powers of earth. With what shall I give to my own love? A golden bowl may feed the child. Love and kindness part from this day, and the breaking of them wounds liver and spleen.' Chong took the boy and the bowl and the poem, and suddenly the place where the two carriages had been was not to be seen. He brought the boy home, and all the company said it was a ghost and a goblin, and they all spat toward it from afar, but its shape stayed as it was. They asked the boy, 'Who is your father?' and the boy went straight into Chong's bosom. The crowd at first thought it strange and hateful, but when the poem was passed round and looked at, they sighed with deep feeling at the dark passage between the dead and the living. Chong went to the market to sell the bowl, and set its price high, not wishing a quick sale, but hoping that someone would know it. All at once an old serving woman asked Chong how he came by the bowl. She went back and told her mistress, who was the girl's aunt on the mother's side. She sent someone to look at it, and it was indeed the bowl. She said to Chong, 'My sister's daughter, the daughter of Cui the Junior Chamberlain, died before she was married, and her kin grieved for her and gave her a golden bowl and put it in her coffin. Now I look at your bowl, and it is very like. May I hear the whole story of how you came by the bowl?' Chong answered with the matter as it was. She went at once to Chong's house and welcomed the boy. The boy had the look of the Cui family, and was like Chong in face as well. The aunt said, 'My sister's child was born at the end of the third month. His father said, "Spring is warm, and warm he shall be; may he be strong and whole," and so he gave him the style Wenxiu. Wenxiu means a marriage in the dark. The sign of it was shown beforehand.' The boy grew up at last into a fine vessel. He passed through several commanderies at two thousand piculs, and everywhere his work was plain. Afterward he begot Zhi, who was Imperial Secretary of Han, and Zhi's son Yu was Minister of Works of Wei. Cap and canopy have followed one another down to this day."

《文字志》曰：「忱字長和，一名陶，泰山平陽人。世爲冠族。父繇，車騎掾。忱歴太傅長史、揚州刺史，遷侍中。永嘉五年，遭亂被害，年五十餘。」

The Wenzi zhi says, "Chen, whose courtesy name was Changhe, and by another name Tao, was a man of Pingyang in Taishan. His house was for generations the first of clans. His father Yao was an aide to the General of Chariots and Cavalry. Chen passed through the posts of Chief Clerk to the Grand Mentor and Inspector of Yangzhou, and was moved to be Palace Attendant. In the fifth year of Yongjia he met with the disorders and was killed, being a little over fifty."

王夷甫、庾敳。

Wang Yifu and Yu Ai.

阮修，已見。《春秋傳》曰：「共工氏有子曰句龍，爲后土，后土爲社。」《風俗通》曰：「『《孝經》稱：社者，土也。廣博不可備敬，故封土以爲社而祀之報功也。』然則社自祀句龍，非土之祭也。」

This is Ruan Xiu; he has already appeared. The Chunqiu zhuan says, "The clan of Gonggong had a son named Goulong, who became Houtu, and Houtu became the altar of the soil." The Fengsu tong says, "The Xiao jing says, 'The altar of the soil is the earth. The earth is wide and broad and cannot be reverenced in full, and so earth is heaped up to make an altar of the soil, and sacrifice is made to it to repay its work.'" If that is so, then the altar of the soil is of itself a sacrifice to Goulong, and not a sacrifice to the earth.

《論衡》曰：「世謂人死爲鬼，非也。人死不爲鬼，無知，不能害人。如審鬼者死人精神，人見之宜從裸袒之形，無爲見衣帶被服也。何則？衣無精神也。由此言之，見衣服象人，則形體亦象人。象人，知非死人之精神也。凡天地之間有鬼，非人死之精神也。」

The Lun heng says, "The world says that a dead man becomes a ghost, but it is not so. A man does not become a ghost when he dies; he has no knowledge and cannot harm men. If a ghost were truly the spirit of a dead man, then men who saw it ought to see the shape of one naked and bare, and there would be no seeing of clothes and belts and garments. Why? Because clothes have no spirit. Speaking from this, if the clothes are seen as a man is seen, then the body too is seen as a man is seen. And if it is seen as a man is seen, one knows that it is not the spirit of a dead man. There are indeed ghosts between heaven and earth, but they are not the spirits of dead men."

《中興書》曰：「鄭太后字阿春，滎陽人。少孤，先嫁田氏，夫亡，依舅呉氏。時中宗敬后虞氏先崩，將納呉氏，后與呉氏女遊後園，有言之於中宗者，納爲夫人，甚寵。生簡文。帝即位，尊之曰文宣太后。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "The Empress Dowager Zheng, whose courtesy name was Achun, was a woman of Xingyang. She lost her father young, and was first married to a man of the Tian family; when her husband died she leaned on her mother's brother, of the Wu family. At that time Zhongzong's Empress Jing of the Yu family had died before him, and he was about to take in a woman of the Wu family. The dowager was walking with the Wu daughter in the back garden, and someone spoke of her to Zhongzong, and she was taken in as a lady and was greatly loved. She bore Emperor Jianwen. When the emperor came to the throne, he honored her as the Empress Dowager Wenxuan."

刁協

This is Diao Xie.

《中興書》曰：「元皇以明帝及琅邪王裒並非敬后所生，而謂裒有大成之度，勝於明帝，因從容問王導曰：『立子以德不以年，今二子孰賢？』導曰：『世子、宣城倶有爽明之德，莫能優劣。如此，故當以年。』於是更封裒爲琅邪王。」而此與《世説》互異，然法盛采摭典故，以何爲實？且從容調諫，理或可安。豈有登階一言，曾無奇説，便爲之改計乎？

The Zhongxing shu says, "Emperor Yuan, since neither Emperor Ming nor Pou, the Prince of Langye, was born of the Empress Jing, and since he thought that Pou had the measure of one who would come to great things and was better than Emperor Ming, asked Wang Dao at his ease, 'A son is set up by his virtue and not by his years. Of these two sons, which is the worthier?' Dao said, 'The heir and the Prince of Xuancheng both have the virtue of clear brightness, and no one can say which is better. Since it is so, the years should decide.' At this Pou was enfeoffed anew as Prince of Langye." But this differs from the Shishuo; and of what He Fasheng gathered from the old records, what is to be taken as fact? Besides, to admonish quietly and evenly may well be the more reasonable. How could a single word spoken while climbing the steps, with nothing strange said at all, make him change his reckoning?

杜預《左傳注》曰：「培塿，小阜。松柏，大木也。薰，香草。蕕，臭草。」

Du Yu's note to the Zuo zhuan says, "Peilou is a little mound. The pine and the cypress are great trees. Xun is a sweet grass. You is a stinking grass."

玩，已見。

This is Lu Wan; he has already appeared.

《恢別傳》曰：「恢字道明，琅邪陽都人。祖誕，司空。父靚，亦知名。恢少有令問，稱爲明賢。避難江左，中宗召補主簿，累遷尚書令。」《庾氏譜》曰：「庾亮子會，娶恢女，名文彪。」庾會，別見。

The Hui biezhuan says, "Hui, whose courtesy name was Daoming, was a man of Yangdu in Langye. His grandfather Dan was Minister of Works, and his father Jing was also known by name. Hui in his youth had a good report and was called bright and worthy. He fled the disorders to Jiangzuo, and Zhongzong called him to fill the post of Recorder, and through many moves he came to be Director of the Department of State Affairs." The Yushi pu says, "Yu Liang's son Hui took the daughter of Zhuge Hui, whose name was Wenbiao." Yu Hui appears elsewhere.

《羊氏譜》曰：「羊楷字道茂。祖繇，車騎掾。父忱，侍中。楷仕至尚書郎。娶諸葛恢次女。」

The Yangshi pu says, "Yang Kai, whose courtesy name was Daomao. His grandfather Yao was an aide to the General of Chariots and Cavalry, and his father Chen was Palace Attendant. Kai rose in office to Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs. He took Zhuge Hui's second daughter."

虨別見。

Bin appears elsewhere.

《諸葛氏譜》曰：「恢子衡，字峻文，仕至滎陽太守。娶河南鄧攸女。」

The Zhuge shi pu says, "Hui's son Heng, whose courtesy name was Junwen, rose in office to Governor of Xingyang. He took the daughter of Deng You of Henan."

《永嘉流人名》曰：「裒字幼儒，陳郡人。父衡，博士。裒歴侍中、吏部尚書、呉國内史。」

The Yongjia liuren ming says, "Pou, whose courtesy name was Youru, was a man of the Chen commandery. His father Heng was an Erudite. Pou passed through the posts of Palace Attendant, Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, and Chief Administrator of the state of Wu."

《謝氏譜》曰：「裒子石，娶恢小女，名文熊。」《中興書》曰：「石字石奴，歴尚書令，聚斂無厭，取譏當世。」

The Xieshi pu says, "Pou's son Shi took Hui's youngest daughter, whose name was Wenxiong." The Zhongxing shu says, "Shi, whose courtesy name was Shinu, passed through the post of Director of the Department of State Affairs. He gathered and hoarded without ever having enough, and was blamed for it by the world of his time."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「周謨字叔治，顗次弟也。仕至中護軍。嵩字仲智，謨兄也。性絞直果俠，毎以才氣陵物。顗被害，王敦使人弔焉。嵩曰：『亡兄，天下有義人，爲天下無義人所殺，復何所弔？』敦甚銜之。猶取爲從事中郎，因事誅嵩。」《晉陽秋》曰：「嵩事佛，臨刑猶誦經。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Zhou Mo, whose courtesy name was Shuzhi, was the next younger brother of Yi. He rose in office to Army Protector of the Center. Song, whose courtesy name was Zhongzhi, was Mo's elder brother. He was unbound and straight by nature, bold and knightly, and he always looked down on others with his talent and spirit. When Yi was killed, Wang Dun sent a man to offer condolence. Song said, 'My dead brother was a man of right in the world, and he was killed by a man without right in the world. What is there left to condole?' Dun took this deeply to heart. Even so he took him and made him Attendant Gentleman, and then on a pretext put Song to death." The Jin yangqiu says, "Song served the Buddha, and even at his execution he was still reciting a sutra."

阿奴，謨小字。

Anu was Mo's childhood name.

虞預《晉書》曰：「刁協字玄亮，勃海饒安人。少好學，雖不研精，而多所博渉。中興制度，皆稟於協。累遷尚書令，中宗信重之。爲王敦所忌，舉兵討之，奔至江南，敗死。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Diao Xie, whose courtesy name was Xuanliang, was a man of Rao'an in Bohai. In youth he loved learning, and though he did not grind it fine, he ranged widely over much. The institutions of the restoration all came from Xie. Through many moves he came to be Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Zhongzong trusted him and held him in weight. He was resented by Wang Dun, who raised troops and attacked him, and he fled toward Jiangnan and was defeated and died."

《中興書》曰：「王敦以震主之威，收羅賢俊，辟充爲主簿。充知敦有異志，逡巡疎外。及敦稱含有惠政，一坐畏敦，撃節而已，充獨抗之。其時衆人爲之失色。由是忤敦，出爲東海王文學。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Wang Dun, with a might that shook the sovereign, gathered in the worthy and the outstanding, and called Chong to be his Recorder. Chong knew that Dun had other designs, and held back and kept himself distant and outside. When Dun praised Han for a kindly government, the whole company feared Dun and did nothing but beat time in applause; Chong alone withstood him. At the time everyone lost color for it. By this he crossed Dun, and was sent out to be Instructor to the Prince of Donghai."

徐廣《晉紀》曰：「顧顯字孟著，呉郡人，驃騎榮兄子。少有重名，泰興中爲騎郎。蚤卒，時爲悼惜之。」

Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "Gu Xian, whose courtesy name was Mengzhu, was a man of the Wu commandery, a brother's son of Rong, General of the Agile Cavalry. In youth he had a weighty name, and in the Taixing years he was a Gentleman of the Cavalry. He died young, and the men of the time grieved and were sorry for it."

按，明帝未即位，顗已爲王敦所殺，此説非也。

On examination: before Emperor Ming came to the throne, Yi had already been killed by Wang Dun, so this account is wrong.

《顗別傳》曰：「王敦討劉隗，時温太眞爲東宮庶子，在承華門外，與顗相見，曰：『大將軍此舉有在，義無有濫。』顗曰：『君年少，希更事，未有人臣若此而不作亂，共相推戴數年而爲此者乎？處仲狼抗而強忌，平子何在？』」《晉陽秋》曰：「王澄爲荊州，群賊並起，乃奔豫章。而恃其宿名，猶陵侮敦，敦使勇士路戎等搤而殺之。」《裴子》曰：「平子從荊州下，大將軍因欲殺之。而平子左右有二十人，甚健，皆持鐵楯馬鞭，平子恆持玉枕。大將軍乃犒荊州文武，二十人積飲食，皆不能動，乃借平子玉枕，便持下床。平子手引大將軍帶絶，與力士鬥甚苦，乃得上屋上，久許而死。」

The Yi biezhuan says, "When Wang Dun attacked Liu Wei, Wen Taizhen was Serving Gentleman of the Eastern Palace and was outside the Chenghua Gate. He saw Yi and said, 'The Great General has his reason for this move. There will be nothing in it beyond right.' Yi said, 'You are young, sir, and have gone through few affairs. There has never yet been a subject who was like this and made no rebellion, who upheld and bore up the throne with others for years and then did such a thing. Chuzhong is fierce and stiff, hard and jealous. And where is Pingzi?'" The Jin yangqiu says, "When Wang Cheng held Jingzhou, a crowd of bandits rose at once, and he fled to Yuzhang. But he trusted in his old name and still slighted and insulted Dun, and Dun had brave men, Lu Rong and the rest, throttle him and kill him." The Peizi says, "When Pingzi came down from Jingzhou, the Great General thought to kill him. But Pingzi had twenty men about him, very strong, and all carrying iron shields and horsewhips, and Pingzi always carried a jade pillow. The Great General then feasted the civil and military men of Jingzhou, and the twenty men piled in food and drink until none of them could move. Then he borrowed Pingzi's jade pillow and came down from the couch holding it. Pingzi pulled the Great General's belt with his hand and broke it, and fought with the strong men most bitterly, and got up onto the roof; but after a good while he died."

劉謙之《晉紀》曰：「敦欲廢明帝，言於衆曰：『太子子道有虧，温司馬昔在東宮悉其事。』嶠既正言，敦忿而愧焉。」

Liu Qianzhi's Jin ji says, "Dun wished to depose Emperor Ming, and said before the company, 'The heir apparent has failings in the way of a son, and Wen, the Marshal, was in the Eastern Palace in those days and knows the whole matter.' When Qiao spoke out straight, Dun was angry and yet ashamed."

《晉陽秋》曰：「王敦既下，六軍敗績。顗長史郝嘏及左右文武勸顗避難，顗曰：『吾備位大臣，朝廷傾撓，豈可草間求活，投身胡虜邪？』乃與朝士詣敦，敦曰：『近日戰有餘力不？』對曰：『恨力不足，豈有餘邪？』」

The Jin yangqiu says, "When Wang Dun had come down, the six armies were broken. Hao Gu, Yi's Chief Clerk, and the civil and military men about him urged Yi to flee the trouble, but Yi said, 'I fill the place of a great officer. The court is toppling and shaking. How can I seek to live in the grass and throw myself among the barbarians?' So he went with the gentlemen of the court to Dun, and Dun said, 'In the fighting of these late days, had you strength to spare?' He answered, 'My grief is that my strength fell short. How should there be any to spare?'"

王隱《晉書》曰：「峻字子髙，長廣掖人。少有才學，仕郡主簿，舉孝廉。値中原亂，招合流舊三千餘家，結壘本縣，宣示王化，收葬枯骨，遠近感其恩義，咸共宗焉。討王敦有功，封公，遷歴陽太守。峻外營將表曰：『鼓自鳴。』峻自斫鼓曰：『我鄕里時有此，則空城。』有頃，詔書徴峻。峻曰：『臺下云我反，反豈得活邪？我甯山頭望廷尉，不能廷尉望山頭。』乃作亂。」《晉陽秋》曰：「峻率衆二萬，濟自橫江、至於蔣山，王師敗績。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Jun, whose courtesy name was Zigao, was a man of Ye in Changguang. In youth he had talent and learning; he served in the commandery as Recorder and was recommended as filial and incorrupt. Meeting with the disorders of the central plain, he called together more than three thousand households of old refugees, built a stockade in his own county, proclaimed the king's teaching, and gathered and buried the bare bones of the dead; and far and near men were moved by his kindness and his right, and all took him as their head. He had merit in the campaign against Wang Dun, was enfeoffed as a duke, and was moved to be Governor of Liyang. The commander of Jun's outer camp sent up a report saying, 'The drum sounds of itself.' Jun cut at the drum himself and said, 'In my own country, whenever this happens, the town is emptied.' Not long after, an edict summoned Jun. Jun said, 'They say at the Terrace that I am in revolt. If I revolt, how can I live? I would rather look down at the Commandant of Justice from a hilltop than look up at the hilltop from the Commandant of Justice.' And so he made his rebellion." The Jin yangqiu says, "Jun led a host of twenty thousand, crossed at Hengjiang, and came to Mount Jiang, and the king's host was broken."

《春秋傳》曰：「楚莊王圍鄭，晉使荀林父率師救鄭，與楚戰於邲，晉師敗績。桓子歸，請死。晉平公將許之，士貞子諫而止。後林父敗赤狄於曲梁，賞桓子、狄臣千室，亦賞士伯以瓜衍之田，曰：『吾獲狄田，子之功也。微子，吾喪伯氏矣。』」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "King Zhuang of Chu laid siege to Zheng, and Jin sent Xun Linfu to lead an army and save Zheng, and they fought with Chu at Bi, and the army of Jin was broken. Huanzi came back and asked to die. Duke Ping of Jin was about to allow it, but Shi Zhenzi remonstrated and it was stopped. Later Linfu broke the Red Di at Quliang, and Huanzi was rewarded with a thousand households of Di subjects, and Shi Bo too was rewarded with the fields of Guayan, the duke saying, 'That I have won the Di fields is your merit. But for you, sir, I should have lost Boshi.'"

《會稽後賢記》曰：「群字敬休，會稽山陰人。祖竺，呉豫章太守。父奕，全椒令。群有智局，仕至御史中丞。」《晉陽秋》曰：「匡術爲阜陵令，逃亡無行。庾亮徴蘇峻，術勸峻誅亮，遂與峻同反。後以宛城降。」

The Kuaiji houxian ji says, "Qun, whose courtesy name was Jingxiu, was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji. His grandfather Zhu was Governor of Yuzhang under Wu, and his father Yi was Prefect of Quanjiao. Qun had a wise capacity, and rose in office to Palace Aide to the Censor in Chief." The Jin yangqiu says, "Kuang Shu was Prefect of Fuling, and then fled and hid and lived without conduct. When Yu Liang summoned Su Jun, Shu urged Jun to put Liang to death, and in the end he rebelled together with Jun. Later he surrendered with the city of Wan."

《家語》曰：「孔子之宋，匡簡子以甲士圍之。子路怒，奮戟將戰。孔子止之曰：『夫詩書之不講，禮樂之不習，是丘之過也。若述先王之道而爲咎者，非丘罪也。命也夫！歌，予和汝。』子路彈劍，孔子和之。曲三終，匡人解甲罷。」

The Jiayu says, "Confucius was going to Song, and Kuang Jianzi surrounded him with armored men. Zilu was angry and shook his halberd and would have fought. Confucius stopped him and said, 'That the Odes and the Documents are not expounded, and the rites and the music not practiced, is my fault. But if to hand down the way of the former kings is to be blamed, that is no crime of mine. It is fate. Sing, and I will answer you.' Zilu plucked his sword, and Confucius answered him. When the tune had ended three times, the men of Kuang loosed their armor and withdrew."

《禮記·月令》曰：「仲春之月，鷹化爲鳩。」鄭玄曰：「鳩，播穀也。」《夏小正》曰：「鷹則爲鳩。鷹也者，其殺之時也；鳩也者，非殺之時也。善變而之仁，故具之。」

The Yue ling of the Li ji says, "In the second month of spring the hawk turns into a dove." Zheng Xuan says, "The dove is the bird that scatters the grain." The Xia xiaozheng says, "The hawk then becomes a dove. The hawk is the season of killing; the dove is the season that does not kill. It changes well and goes toward kindness, and so it is set down."

《靈鬼志謠徴》曰：「明帝初，有謠曰：『髙山崩，石自破。』髙山，峻也。碩，峻弟也。後諸公誅峻，碩猶據石頭，潰散而逃，追斬之。」

The Lingguizhi yaozheng says, "At the beginning of Emperor Ming's reign there was a rhyme that said, 'The high hill crumbles, the stone breaks of itself.' The high hill was Jun. Shuo was Jun's younger brother. Later the lords put Jun to death, and Shuo still held Shitou; and when his men broke and scattered he fled, and they went after him and beheaded him."

孔坦。

This is Kong Tan.

按，王隱《晉書》：「蘇峻事平，陶侃欲將坦，上用爲豫章太守，坦辭母老不行。臺以爲呉郡。呉郡多名族，而坦年少，乃授呉興内史，不聞尹京。」

On examination: Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "When the affair of Su Jun had been put down, Tao Kan wished to take Tan and reported above that he be used as Governor of Yuzhang, but Tan declined, saying his mother was old, and did not go. The Terrace meant to make him Governor of the Wu commandery. There were many famous clans in the Wu commandery, and Tan was young, so he was appointed Chief Administrator of Wuxing." And nothing is heard there of his being Intendant of the capital.

《孔愉別傳》曰：「愉字敬康，會稽山陰人。初辟中宗參軍，討華軼有功，封餘不亭侯。愉少時嘗得一龜，放於餘不溪中，龜於路左顧者數過。及後鑄印，而龜左顧，更鑄猶如此。印師以聞，愉悟，取而佩焉。累遷尚書左僕射、贈車騎將軍。」中丞，孔群也。

The Kong Yu biezhuan says, "Yu, whose courtesy name was Jingkang, was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji. He was first called to be Adjutant to Zhongzong, and had merit in the campaign against Hua Yi, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yubu Village. When Yu was young he once got a tortoise and set it free in the Yubu stream, and the tortoise turned its head to the left of the road several times. Later, when his seal was cast, the tortoise on it turned its head to the left, and when it was cast again it was still so. The seal maker reported it, and Yu understood, and took the seal and wore it. Through many moves he came to be Vice Director of the Left in the Imperial Secretariat, and was granted the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry." The Palace Aide is Kong Qun.

《晉諸公贊》曰：「頤字仲眞，汝南西平人。少好學隱退，而求實進止。」《永嘉流人名》曰：「頤，領軍司馬。頤弟陶，字叔眞。」鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「初，有讚侃於王敦者，乃以從弟廙代侃爲荊州，左遷侃廣州。侃文武距廙而求侃，敦聞大怒。及侃將蒞廣州，過敦，敦陳兵欲害侃。敦咨議參軍梅陶諫敦，乃止，厚禮而遣之。」王隱《晉書》亦同。按，二書所敘，則有惠於陶是梅陶，非頤也。

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Yi, whose courtesy name was Zhongzhen, was a man of Xiping in Runan. In youth he loved learning and withdrew into retirement, and sought what was solid in his going forward and his standing still." The Yongjia liuren ming says, "Yi was Marshal of the Army Commander. Yi's younger brother Tao's courtesy name was Shuzhen." Deng Can's Jin ji says, "At first someone praised Kan to Wang Dun, and so Dun put his cousin Yi in Kan's place in Jingzhou and sent Kan down to Guangzhou. Kan's civil and military men kept Yi out and asked for Kan, and Dun heard of it and was greatly angered. When Kan was about to take up Guangzhou he called on Dun, and Dun drew up his troops and would have killed him. Mei Tao, Dun's Consultant Adjutant, remonstrated with Dun, and he stopped, and sent him off with rich courtesy." Wang Yin's Jin shu says the same. On examination: by what these two books relate, the one who did the kindness to Tao Kan was Mei Tao, and not Yi.

《蔡司徒別傳》曰：「謨字道明，濟陽考城人。博學有識，避地江左，歴左光祿、録尚書事、揚州刺史。薨，贈司空。」

The Cai situ biezhuan says, "Mo, whose courtesy name was Daoming, was a man of Kaocheng in Jiyang. He was widely learned and had discernment. He fled to Jiangzuo, and passed through the posts of Left Grandee of the Palace, Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Inspector of Yangzhou. When he died he was granted the title of Minister of Works."

《晉陽秋》曰：「庾冰字季堅，太尉亮之弟也。少有檢操，兄亮常器之，曰：『吾家晏平仲。』累遷車騎將軍、江州刺史。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Yu Bing, whose courtesy name was Jijian, was the younger brother of Liang, the Grand Commandant. In youth he had restraint and firmness of purpose, and his elder brother Liang always held him a vessel and said, 'He is the Yan Pingzhong of our house.' Through many moves he came to be General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiangzhou."

《中興書》曰：「帝諱岳，字世同，成帝同母弟也。成帝崩，即位，年二十二。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "The emperor's taboo name was Yue and his style Shitong. He was Emperor Cheng's younger brother by the same mother. When Emperor Cheng died he came to the throne, being twenty-two."

《晉陽秋》曰：「初，顯宗臨崩，庾冰議立長君，何充謂宜奉皇子。爭之不得，充不自安，求處外任。及冰出鎭武昌，充自京馳還，言於帝曰：『冰不宜出，昔年陛下龍飛，使晉德再隆者，冰之勳也。臣無與焉。』」

The Jin yangqiu says, "At first, when Xianzong was near death, Yu Bing argued for setting up a grown ruler, and He Chong said that the imperial son should be served. He argued and did not get his way, and, not being easy in himself, asked for a post outside. When Bing went out to hold Wuchang, Chong hurried back from the capital and said to the emperor, 'Bing should not go out. In that year when Your Majesty rose like a dragon, it was Bing's merit that made the virtue of Jin high again. Your servant had no part in it.'"

徐廣《晉紀》曰：「江虨字思玄，陳留人。博學知名，兼善弈，爲中興之冠。累遷尚書左僕射、護軍將軍。」

Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "Jiang Bin, whose courtesy name was Sixuan, was a man of Chenliu. He was widely learned and known by name, and he was good at go besides, and was first of the restoration in it. Through many moves he came to be Vice Director of the Left in the Imperial Secretariat and General and Protector of the Army."

范汪《棋品》曰：「虨與王恬等，棋第一品，導第五品。」

Fan Wang's Qi pin says, "Bin and Wang Tian and the others were of the first grade at go, and Dao of the fifth grade."

庾冰

This is Yu Bing.

王隱《晉書》曰：「坦方直而有雅望。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Tan was square and straight, and had an elegant repute."

《中興書》曰：「温曾爲徐州刺史。」沛國屬徐州，故呼温使君。鬥戰者，以温爲將也。

The Zhongxing shu says, "Wen was once Inspector of Xuzhou." The state of Pei belongs to Xuzhou, and so he called Wen the Governor. Fighting means that he took Wen for a general.

劉尹，眞長。已見。

Governor Liu is Zhenchang; he has already appeared.

《髙逸沙門傳》曰：「晉元明二帝，遊心玄虚，託情道味，以賓友禮待法師。王公、庾公傾心側席，好同臭味也。」

The Gaoyi shamen zhuan says, "The two emperors Yuan and Ming of Jin let their minds wander in the dark and the void and lodged their feeling in the savor of the Way, and they treated the master of the law with the courtesy due a guest and a friend. Lord Wang and Lord Yu bent their hearts toward him and turned their mats aside for him, and their liking was of one scent and savor."

坦之，已見。

This is Tanzhi; he has already appeared.

按，《王彪之別傳》曰：「彪之從伯導謂彪之曰：『選曹舉汝爲尚書郎，幸可作諸王佐邪？』」此知郎官，寒素之品也。

On examination: the Wang Biaozhi biezhuan says, "Biaozhi's cousin-uncle Dao said to Biaozhi, 'The selection office has put you forward as Gentleman of the Department of State Affairs. Will you be fit, then, to be an aide to the Wangs?'" By this one knows that the post of Gentleman was a grade for men of cold and plain houses.

《述別傳》曰：「述常以爲人之處世，當先量己而後動，義無虚讓，是以應辭便當固執。其貞正不踰皆此類。」

The Shu biezhuan says, "Shu always held that a man living in the world should first measure himself and then move, and that right allows no empty yielding; and so, when one has answered a call, one should hold fast to it. His uprightness, which never overstepped, was always of this kind."

《綽集》載誄文曰：「咨予與公，風流同歸。擬量託情，視公猶師。君子之交，相與無私。虚中納是，吐誠悔非。雖實不敏，敬佩絃韋。永戢話言，口誦心悲。」

The Chuo ji records the text of the dirge, which says, "Ah, my lord and I went the same way in the manner of our living. I set my measure beside his and lodged my feeling in him, and looked on my lord as a teacher. In the friendship of gentlemen there is no private end in what they share. He emptied his heart and took in what was right, and poured out his sincerity and repented of what was wrong. Though in truth I am not quick, I have reverently worn the bowstring and the leather. I keep his words forever; my mouth recites them and my heart is sad."

道恩，庾羲小字。徐廣《晉紀》曰：「羲，字叔和，太保亮第三子。拔尚率到。位建威將軍、呉國内史。」

Daoen was Yu Xi's childhood name. Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "Xi, whose courtesy name was Shuhe, was the third son of Liang, the Grand Guardian. He was outstanding and lofty, free and ready. His places were General Who Establishes Might and Chief Administrator of the state of Wu."

簡文

This is Emperor Jianwen.

王濛，已見。

This is Wang Meng; he has already appeared.

《劉氏譜》曰：「簡字仲約，南陽人。祖喬，豫州刺史。父珽，潁川太守。簡仕至大司馬參軍。」

The Liushi pu says, "Jian, whose courtesy name was Zhongyue, was a man of Nanyang. His grandfather Qiao was Inspector of Yuzhou, and his father Ting was Governor of Yingchuan. Jian rose in office to Adjutant to the Grand Marshal."

孔子稱：「唯女子與小人爲難養，近之則不遜，遠之則怨。」劉尹之意，蓋從此言也。

Confucius said, "Only women and small men are hard to rear. Be near them, and they are not humble; keep them far off, and they resent it." Governor Liu's meaning follows these words.

司州，已見。

This is the Inspector of Sizhou; he has already appeared.

胡奴，陶範小字也。《陶侃別傳》曰：「範字道則，侃第十子也。侃諸子中最知名。歴尚書、祕書監。」何法盛以爲第九子。

Hunu was Tao Fan's childhood name. The Tao Kan biezhuan says, "Fan, whose courtesy name was Daoze, was Kan's tenth son. Among Kan's sons he was the best known. He passed through the posts of Imperial Secretary and Director of the Palace Library." He Fasheng makes him the ninth son.

阮裕，已見。

This is Ruan Yu; he has already appeared.

《中興書》曰：「裕終日頽然，無所錯綜，而物自宗之。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Yu was all day slumped at his ease, and ordered and arranged nothing; yet things of themselves took him as their head."

《温別傳》曰：「温有豪邁風氣也。」

The Wen biezhuan says, "Wen had a bold and unfettered bearing and spirit."

子野，桓伊小字也。《續晉陽秋》曰：「伊字叔夏，譙國銍人。父景，護軍將軍。伊少有才藝，又善聲律，加以標悟省率，爲王濛、劉惔所知。累遷豫州刺史，贈右將軍。」

Ziye was Huan Yi's childhood name. The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Yi, whose courtesy name was Shuxia, was a man of Zhi in the state of Qiao. His father Jing was General and Protector of the Army. Yi in youth had talent and skill, and was good at tone and measure besides; and being clear-witted and quick and plain, he was known to Wang Meng and Liu Tan. Through many moves he came to be Inspector of Yuzhou, and was granted the title of General of the Right."

《羅府君別傳》曰：「含字君章，桂陽棗陽人。蓋楚熊姓之後，啓土羅國，遂氏族焉。後寓湘境，故爲桂陽人。含，臨海太守彦曾孫，滎陽太守緩少子也。桓宣武辟爲別駕，以官廨諠擾，於城西池小洲上立茅茨，伐木爲床，織葦爲席，布衣蔬食，晏若有餘。桓公嘗謂衆坐曰：『此自江左之淸秀，豈惟荊楚而已！』累遷散騎常侍、廷尉、長沙相。致仕，中散大夫，門施行馬。含自在官舍，有一白雀棲集堂宇，及致仕還家，階庭忽蘭菊挺生。豈非至行之徴邪？」

The Luo fujun biezhuan says, "Han, whose courtesy name was Junzhang, was a man of Zaoyang in Guiyang. He came of the Xiong surname of Chu, which opened land in the state of Luo and took its clan name from it. Later they lodged within the borders of Xiang, and so he is a man of Guiyang. Han was a great-grandson of Yan, Governor of Linhai, and the younger son of Huan, Governor of Xingyang. Huan Xuanwu called him to be his Aide; and finding the offices noisy and troubled, he set up a thatched hut on a small islet in the pool west of the city, cut wood for a couch and wove reeds for a mat, and in hempen clothes and with vegetable food he was as much at ease as if he had more than enough. Lord Huan once said before a company, 'This is the pure and outstanding of Jiangzuo itself. How should it be of Jing and Chu alone?' Through many moves he came to be Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary, Commandant of Justice, and Chancellor of Changsha. When he left office he was Grand Master of Palace Leisure, and horse bars were set at his gate. While Han was in his official quarters a white sparrow came and roosted in his hall, and when he left office and came home, orchid and chrysanthemum suddenly sprang up at his steps and in his courtyard. Was this not a sign of his utmost conduct?"

韓伯，已見。

This is Han Bo; he has already appeared.

《漢書》曰：「王莽宗族凡十侯、五大司馬。」

The Han shu says, "In Wang Mang's clan there were in all ten marquises and five Grand Marshals."

王坦之、王述並已見。

Wang Tanzhi and Wang Shu have both already appeared.

《王氏譜》曰：「坦之子愷，娶桓温第二女，字伯子。」《中興書》曰：「愷字茂仁，歴呉國内史、丹陽尹，贈太常。」

The Wangshi pu says, "Tanzhi's son Kai took Huan Wen's second daughter, whose courtesy name was Bozi." The Zhongxing shu says, "Kai, whose courtesy name was Maoren, passed through the posts of Chief Administrator of the state of Wu and Intendant of Danyang, and was granted the title of Chamberlain for Ceremonials."

《春秋傳》曰：「楚伐鄭，師曠曰：『不害，吾驟歌《南風》。』《南風》不競，多死聲，楚必無功。」杜預曰：「歌者吹律，以詠八風，《南風》音微，故曰不競也。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "When Chu attacked Zheng, Shi Kuang said, 'It will do no harm. I have often sung the Nanfeng, and the Nanfeng is not strong and has many notes of death. Chu will surely have no success.'" Du Yu says, "The singer blows the pitch pipes and chants the eight winds; the sound of the Nanfeng is faint, and so he said it was not strong."

荀劉，已見。

Xun and Liu have already appeared.

《羊氏譜》曰：「綏字仲彦，太山人。父楷，尚書郎。綏仕至中書侍郎。」

The Yangshi pu says, "Sui, whose courtesy name was Zhongyan, was a man of Taishan. His father Kai was Gentleman of the Imperial Secretariat. Sui rose in office to Gentleman Attendant of the Secretariat."

阮思曠也。

This is Ruan Siguang.

徐廣晉紀曰：「孝武寧康二年，尚書令王彪之等啓改作新宮。太元三年二月，内外軍六千人始營築，至七月而成。太極殿髙八丈，長二十七丈，廣十丈。尚書謝萬監視，賜爵關内侯。大匠毛安之關中侯。」

Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "In the second year of Ningkang under Emperor Xiaowu, Wang Biaozhi, the Director of the Department of State Affairs, and the others reported that the new palace should be rebuilt. In the second month of the third year of Taiyuan six thousand soldiers from within and without began to build it, and by the seventh month it was finished. The Taiji Hall was eight zhang high, twenty-seven zhang long, and ten zhang wide. Xie Wan, the Imperial Secretary, oversaw it and was given the rank of Marquis Within the Passes, and Mao Anzhi, the master builder, that of Marquis of Guanzhong."

宋明帝《文章志》曰：「太原中，新宮成，議者欲屈王獻之題榜，以爲萬代寶。謝安與王語次，因及魏時起陵雲閣忘題榜，乃使韋仲將縣梯上題之。比下，鬚髮盡白，裁餘氣息。還語子弟云：『宜絶楷法！』安欲以此風動其意。王解其旨，正色曰：『此奇事。韋仲將魏朝大臣，寧可使其若此？有以知魏德之不長。』安知其心，迺不復逼之。」

Emperor Ming of Song's Wenzhang zhi says, "In the Taiyuan years, when the new palace was finished, those who discussed it wished to bend Wang Xianzhi to write the placard, and so make it a treasure for ten thousand generations. As Xie An was talking with Wang, he came round to how in the time of Wei they raised the Lingyun Pavilion and forgot to write the placard, and had Wei Zhongjiang hoisted on a ladder to write it up there; and by the time he came down his beard and hair had all turned white and he had barely breath left. He went home and said to his sons and younger brothers, 'You should give up the standard script.' An wished by this to move Wang's mind like a wind. Wang understood what he meant, and set his face and said, 'This is a strange business. Wei Zhongjiang was a great officer of the court of Wei. How could they make him do such a thing? By this one knows that the virtue of Wei did not last long.' An knew his mind, and did not press him again."

盧奴，江敳小字也。《晉安帝紀》曰：「敳字仲凱，濟陽人。祖正，散騎常侍。父虨，僕射。並以義正器素，知名當世。敳歴位内外，簡退箸稱，歴黃門侍郎、驃騎咨議。」

Lunu was Jiang Ai's childhood name. The Jin Andi ji says, "Ai, whose courtesy name was Zhongkai, was a man of Jiyang. His grandfather Zheng was Cavalier Attendant in Ordinary, and his father Bin was Vice Director; both were known to the world of their time for being right and upright and plain in their make. Ai passed through posts within the court and without, and was praised for plainness and for holding back; he passed through the posts of Gentleman Attendant of the Yellow Gate and Consultant to the General of the Agile Cavalry."

《宋書》曰：「敳即湘州江夷之父也，夷字茂遠，湘州刺史。」

The Song shu says, "Ai was the father of Jiang Yi, Inspector of Xiangzhou. Yi, whose courtesy name was Maoyuan, was Inspector of Xiangzhou."

《中興書》曰：「爽忠孝正直。烈宗崩，王國寶夜開門入，爲遺詔。爽爲黃門郎，距之曰：『大行晏駕，太子未立，敢有先入者，斬！』國寶懼，乃止。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Shuang was loyal and filial, straight and upright. When Liezong died, Wang Guobao opened the gate at night and came in, to make a last edict. Shuang, who was Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, kept him out and said, 'His late Majesty has passed away and the heir apparent is not yet set up. If any man dares to go in first, I shall behead him.' Guobao was afraid, and stopped."

《中興書》曰：「王濛女諱穆之，爲哀帝皇后。王蘊女諱法惠，爲孝武皇后。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Wang Meng's daughter, whose taboo name was Muzhi, became the empress of Emperor Ai. Wang Yun's daughter, whose taboo name was Fahui, became the empress of Emperor Xiaowu."

張玄已見。建武，王忱也。《晉安帝紀》曰：「忱初作荊州刺史，後爲建武將軍。」

Zhang Xuan has already appeared. Jianwu is Wang Chen. The Jin Andi ji says, "Chen was at first Inspector of Jingzhou, and later General of Jianwu."

范甯，已見。

This is Fan Ning; he has already appeared.

《王氏譜》曰：「王坦之娶順陽郡范汪女，名蓋，即甯妹也，生忱。」

The Wangshi pu says, "Wang Tanzhi took the daughter of Fan Wang of the Shunyang commandery, whose name was Gai and who was Ning's sister; and she bore Chen."