Cultivated Forbearance世説新語 雅量第六

環濟《呉紀》曰：「邵字孝則，呉郡人。年二十七起家爲豫章太守，舉善以教民，風化大行。」

Huan Ji's Wu ji says, "Shao's courtesy name was Xiaoze; he was a man of Wu commandery. At twenty-seven he entered service and became Governor of Yuzhang. He held up the good in order to teach the people, and the transformation of custom went far."

《江表傳》曰：「雍字元歎，曾就蔡伯喈，伯喈賞異之，以其名與之。」《呉志》曰：「雍累遷尚書令，封陽遂鄕侯，拜侯還第，家人不知。爲人不飲酒，寡言語。孫權嘗曰：『顧侯在坐，令人不樂。』位至丞相。」

The Jiangbiao zhuan says, "Yong's courtesy name was Yuantan. He once went to Cai Bojie, and Bojie admired him as out of the common and gave him his own name." The Wu zhi says, "Yong passed through several posts to Director of the Department of State Affairs, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yangsui Village. Later he was invested as marquis and came back to his house, and his household did not know of it. By nature he did not drink wine and was sparing of words. Sun Quan once said, 'When Marquis Gu is at the mat, he makes people joyless.' His rank reached Chancellor of State."

《禮記》曰：「延陵季子適齊，及其反也，其長子死，葬於嬴博之閒。孔子曰：『延陵季子，呉之習於禮者也。』往而觀其葬焉。其坎深不至於泉，其斂以時服。既葬而封，廣輪掩坎，其髙可隱也。既封，左袒，右還其封，且號者三，曰：『骨肉歸復於土，命也。若魂氣，則無不之也。』而遂行。孔子曰：『延陵季子之於禮也，其合矣乎！』子夏哭其子而喪其明，曾子弔之，曰：『朋友喪明則哭之。』曾子哭，子夏亦哭，曰：『天乎！予之無罪也。』曾子怒曰：『商，汝何無罪也？吾與汝事夫子於洙泗之間，退而老於西河之上，使西河之民，疑汝於夫子，爾罪一也。喪爾親，使民未有聞焉，爾罪二也。喪爾子，喪爾明，爾罪三也。』子夏投其杖而拜曰：『吾過矣！吾過矣！』」

The Liji says, "Jizi of Yanling went to Qi, and on the way back his eldest son died, and he buried him between Ying and Bo. Confucius said, 'Jizi of Yanling is the man of Wu who is practiced in the rites,' and he went and watched the burial. The pit was not dug deep enough to reach the springs, and the shrouding was done with the clothes of the season. When the burial was over they raised the mound; its breadth and length covered the pit, and its height was such that a man could lean on it. When the mound was finished he bared his left shoulder, went round the mound to the right, and cried out three times, saying, 'That bone and flesh go back to the earth is fate. As for the soul and the breath, there is nowhere they may not go.' Then he went on his way. Confucius said, 'In the matter of rites, Jizi of Yanling was right indeed.' Zixia wept for his son and lost his sight. Zengzi came to condole with him and said, 'When a friend loses his sight, one weeps for him.' Zengzi wept, and Zixia wept too, and said, 'O Heaven, I have done no wrong.' Zengzi grew angry and said, 'Shang, how is it that you have done no wrong? You and I served the Master between the Zhu and the Si. Then you withdrew and grew old on the banks of the Xihe, and you made the people of Xihe wonder whether you were the Master. That is your first wrong. You lost your parent, and the people heard nothing of it. That is your second wrong. You lost your son, and you lost your sight. That is your third wrong.' Zixia threw down his staff and bowed and said, 'I was wrong. I was wrong.'"

《晉陽秋》曰：「初，康與東平呂安親善。安嫡兄遜淫安妻徐氏，安欲告遜遣妻，以咨於康，康喩而抑之。遜内不自安，陰告安撾母，表求徙邊。安當徙，訴自理，辭引康。」《文士傳》曰：「呂安罹事，康詣獄以明之。鍾會庭論康，曰：『今皇道開明，四海風靡，邊鄙無詭隨之民，街巷無異口之議。而康上不臣天子，下不事王侯，輕時傲世，不爲物用，無益於今，有敗於俗。昔太公誅華士，孔子戮少正卯，以其負才亂群惑衆也。今不誅康，無以淸潔王道。』於是録康閉獄，臨死，而兄弟親族咸與共別。康顏色不變，問其兄曰：『向以琴來不邪？』兄曰：『以來。』康取調之，爲《太平引》，曲成，歎曰：『《太平引》於今絶也！』」

The Jin yangqiu says, "At first Kang was on close and good terms with Lü An of Dongping. An's elder brother by the same mother, Xun, defiled An's wife, Lady Xu. An wished to accuse Xun and send his wife away, and he consulted Kang about it, and Kang talked him round and held him back. Xun was uneasy within himself, and secretly accused An of striking his mother, and sent up a memorial asking that he be moved to the frontier. When An was about to be moved, he pleaded and set out his case, and his words drew in Kang." The Wenshi zhuan says, "When Lü An fell into the affair, Kang went to the prison to clear him. Zhong Hui argued against Kang at court, saying, 'Now the imperial way is open and bright, and within the four seas men bend like grass before the wind. On the borders there are no people who feign compliance, and in the lanes there are no voices of dissent. But Kang above will not serve the Son of Heaven as a subject, and below will not serve the princes. He makes light of his age and is haughty toward the world, and is of no use for affairs. He brings no benefit to the present and works ruin upon custom. Of old the Grand Duke put Hua Shi to death and Confucius killed Shaozheng Mao, because they carried talent yet threw the company into disorder and led the multitude astray. If Kang is not put to death now, there is no way to make the royal path clean and pure.' At this Kang was entered on the rolls and shut in prison. As he came to his death, his brothers and near kin all took their leave of him together. Kang did not change his face, and asked his elder brother, 'Did you bring my zither just now?' His brother said, 'I brought it.' Kang took it and tuned it and performed the Taiping yin, and when the piece was complete he sighed and said, 'The Taiping yin is cut off from this day on.'"

王隱《晉書》曰：「康之下獄，太學生數千人請之，於時豪俊皆隨康入獄，悉解喩，一時散遣。康竟與安同誅。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "When Kang was sent down to prison, several thousand students of the Imperial Academy petitioned for him, and at that time the bold and outstanding men all wished to go into prison along with Kang. He talked them all round and sent them away at one time. In the end Kang was put to death together with An."

見顧愷之《書贊》。《語林》曰：「太初從魏帝拜陵，陪列於松柏下。時暴雨霹靂，正中所立之樹。冠冕焦壞，左右睹之皆伏，太初顏色不改。」臧榮緒又以爲諸葛誕也。

This is found in Gu Kaizhi's Shu zan. The Yulin says, "Taichu went with the emperor of Wei to pay respects at the tombs, and stood in the ranks under the pines and cypresses. Just then a violent rain came, and a thunderbolt struck the very tree where he stood. His cap and crown were scorched and ruined, and those beside him saw it and all threw themselves down, but Taichu did not alter his face." Zang Rongxu again holds that this was Zhuge Dan.

《名士傳》曰：「戎由是幼有神理之稱也。」

The Mingshi zhuan says, "From this Rong had the name, while still a child, of having a divine understanding."

《竹林七賢論》曰：「明帝自閣上望見，使人問戎姓名而異之。」

The Zhulin qixian lun says, "Emperor Ming looked down from the tower and saw it, and sent a man to ask Rong's surname and name, and thought him out of the common."

《晉陽秋》曰：「司隸校尉劉毅奏：『南郡太守劉肈以布五十疋雜物遺前豫州刺史王戎，請檻車徴付廷尉治罪，除名終身。』戎以書未達，不坐。」《竹林七賢論》曰：「戎報肈書，議者僉以爲譏。世祖患之，乃發口詔曰：『以戎之爲士，義豈懷私？』」議者乃息，戎亦不謝。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Liu Yi, Colonel Director of Retainers, submitted a memorial: 'Liu Zhao, Governor of Nanjun, has sent fifty bolts of cloth and sundry goods to Wang Rong, the former Inspector of Yuzhou. I ask that he be summoned in a cage cart and handed to the Commandant of Justice for judgment, and that his name be struck off so that he may not serve for life.' Rong was not charged, since the letter had not reached him." The Zhulin qixian lun says, "When Rong answered Zhao's letter, those who debated it all took it for a reproach. Shizu was troubled by this, and gave out a spoken edict: 'Rong being the gentleman he is, how should his sense of right harbor anything private?' At this the debaters fell silent, and Rong for his part offered no apology."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「楷息瓚，取楊駿女。駿誅，以相婚黨，收付廷尉。侍中傅祗證楷素意，由此得免。」《名士傳》曰：「楚王之難，李肇惡楷名重，收將害之。楷神色不變，舉動自若，諸人請救，得免。」《晉陽秋》曰：「楷與王戎倶加儀同三司。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Kai's son Zan took a daughter of Yang Jun to wife. When Jun was put to death, they were counted as a party joined by marriage, and Zan was arrested and handed to the Commandant of Justice. Palace Attendant Fu Zhi bore witness to Kai's settled mind, and through this he got off." The Mingshi zhuan says, "In the trouble of the Prince of Chu, Li Zhao hated the weight of Kai's name, and arrested him meaning to do him harm. Kai's spirit and face did not change, and his bearing was as calm as ever. The others asked that he be saved, and he got off." The Jin yangqiu says, "Kai together with Wang Rong was given the rank of Equal in Ceremonial to the Three Offices."

王夷甫蓋自謂風神英俊，不至與人校。

Wang Yifu no doubt held that his air and spirit were fine and outstanding, and that he would not stoop to measure himself against another man.

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「馥字祖宣，汝南人。代劉淮爲鎭東將軍，鎭壽陽。移檄四方，欲奉迎天子。元皇使甘卓攻之，馥出奔，道卒。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Fu's courtesy name was Zuxuan; he was a man of Runan. He succeeded Liu Huai as General Who Guards the East, and held Shouyang. He sent a proclamation out to the four quarters, wishing to receive and welcome the Son of Heaven. Emperor Yuan sent Gan Zhuo to strike him, and Fu fled and died on the road."

一作「闇故當耳」。一作「眞是鬥將故耳」。

One text has, "It was simply because of the dark that I bore it." Another has, "It was truly because I am a fighting general, that is all."

《晉陽秋》曰：「劉輿字慶孫，中山人。有豪俠才算，善交結。爲范陽王虓所暱，虓薨，太傅召之，大相委仗，用爲長史。」《八王故事》曰：「司馬越字元超，髙密王泰長子。少尚布衣之操，爲中外所歸。累遷司空、太傅。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Liu Yu's courtesy name was Qingsun; he was a man of Zhongshan. He had the talent and the calculation of a bold gallant, and was good at making connections. Sima Xiao, Prince of Fanyang, held him close, and when Xiao died the Grand Tutor summoned him and entrusted and leaned on him greatly, and employed him as senior administrator." The Bawang gushi says, "Sima Yue's courtesy name was Yuanchao; he was the eldest son of Sima Tai, Prince of Gaomi. In his youth he held high the constancy of a man in hempen clothes, and court and country alike turned to him. He passed through several posts to Minister of Works and Grand Tutor."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「邈字景聲，河東聞喜人。少有通才，從兄頠器賞之，毎與淸言，終日達曙。自謂理構多如，輙毎謝之，然未能出也。歴太傅從事中郎、左司馬，監東海王軍事。少爲文士，而經事爲將，雖非其才，而以罕重稱也。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Miao's courtesy name was Jingsheng; he was a man of Wenxi in Hedong. In his youth he had a penetrating talent, and his elder cousin Wei prized him as a vessel; whenever they held pure conversation together it lasted all day until dawn. Miao said of himself that his framing of the reasons was often a match for Wei's, and so he would always give Wei the credit for it, yet he could not go beyond him. He served as Attendant Gentleman in the Grand Tutor's office and as Left Marshal, and supervised the military affairs of the Prince of Donghai. In his youth he was a man of letters, but through the course of events he became a general; and though this was not his talent, he was spoken of as weighty for the rarity of it."

裴頠，已見。

This is Pei Wei; he has already appeared.

《丹陽記》曰：「烏衣之起，呉時烏衣營處所也。江左初立，琅邪諸王所居。」

The Danyang ji says, "As to the rise of Wuyi, it was the place of the Wuyi camp in the time of Wu. When Jiangzuo was first set up, it was where the Wang gentlemen of Langye lived."

《中興書》曰：「於是風塵自消，内外緝穆。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "At this the dust and wind died away of itself, and within and without were drawn together in concord."

《祖約別傳》曰：「約字士少，范陽遒人。累遷平西將軍、豫州刺史，鎭壽陽。與蘇峻反，峻敗，約投石勒。約本幽州冠族，賓客塡門，勒登髙望見車騎，大驚。又使佔奪鄕里先人田地，地主多恨。勒惡之，遂誅約。」《晉陽秋》曰：「阮孚字遙集，陳留人，咸第二子也。少有智調，而無俊異。累遷侍中、吏部尚書、廣州刺史。」

The Zu Yue biezhuan says, "Yue's courtesy name was Shishao; he was a man of Qiu in Fanyang. He passed through several posts to General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yuzhou, and held Shouyang. He rebelled together with Su Jun, and when Jun was broken Yue went over to Shi Le. Yue was by origin of the foremost clan in Youzhou, and guests filled his gate. Shi Le climbed to a height and looked out and saw the carriages and horsemen, and was greatly startled. Yue also had the fields and lands of the forebears of the village seized, and the owners of the land bore much resentment. Shi Le hated this, and in the end put Yue to death." The Jin yangqiu says, "Ruan Fu's courtesy name was Yaoji; he was a man of Chenliu, the second son of Xian. In his youth he had wit and measure, but nothing outstandingly rare. He passed through several posts to Palace Attendant, Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, and Inspector of Guangzhou."

《孚別傳》曰：「孚風韻疎誕，少有門風。」

The Fu biezhuan says, "Fu's air and tone were loose and unbridled, yet in his youth he had the manner of his house."

《晉百官名》曰：「許璪字思文，義興陽羡人。」《許氏譜》曰：「璪祖艶，字子良，永興長。父裴，字季顯，烏程令。璪仕至吏部侍郎。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Xu Zao's courtesy name was Siwen; he was a man of Yangxian in Yixing." The Xushi pu says, "Zao's grandfather Yan, whose courtesy name was Ziliang, was chief of Yongxing. His father Pei, whose courtesy name was Jixian, was magistrate of Wucheng. Zao served up to Gentleman Attendant of the Ministry of Personnel."

顧和字君孝，少知名。族人顧榮曰：「此吾家騏驥也，必興吾宗。」仕至尚書令。五子：治、隗、淳、履之。

Gu He's courtesy name was Junxiao, and he was known by name from his youth. His kinsman Gu Rong said, "This is the thoroughbred of our house. He will surely raise up our line." He served up to Director of the Department of State Affairs. His five sons were Zhi, Wei, Chun, and Lüzhi.

《庾氏譜》曰：「會字會宗，太尉亮長子。年十九，咸和六年遇害。」

The Yushi pu says, "Hui's courtesy name was Huizong; he was the eldest son of Liang, the Grand Commandant. At nineteen, in the sixth year of Xianhe, he met his death."

阿恭，會小字也。

Agong was Hui's childhood name.

按，庾亮《啓參佐名》：「裒時直爲參軍，不掌記室也。」

Note: Yu Liang's memorial naming his aides and assistants says, "Pou at that time was simply an adjutant, and did not hold the record office."

《錢唐縣記》曰：「縣近海，爲潮漂沒，縣諸豪姓，斂錢雇人，輦土爲塘，因以爲名也。」

The Qiantang xian ji says, "The county lies near the sea and was washed away and sunk by the tide, so the several great families of the county gathered money and hired men to carry earth and make an embankment, and from this they took the name."

未詳

This is not clear.

《晉陽秋》曰：「呉人以中州人爲傖。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "The men of Wu called the men of the Central Lands cang."

《王氏譜》曰：「逸少，羲之小字。羲之妻，太傅郗鑒女，名璿，字子房。」

The Wangshi pu says, "Yishao was Xizhi's childhood name. Xizhi's wife was a daughter of Chi Jian, the Grand Tutor; her name was Xuan and her courtesy name Zifang."

《曼別傳》曰：「曼字延祖，泰山南城人。父暨，陽平太守。曼頽縱宏任，飲酒誕節，與陳留阮放等號『兗州八達』。累遷丹陽尹，爲蘇峻所害。」

The Man biezhuan says, "Man's courtesy name was Yanzu; he was a man of Nancheng in Taishan. His father Ji was Governor of Yangping. Man was unrestrained and gave himself wide scope, drank wine and made free with the proprieties, and together with Ruan Fang of Chenliu and others he was called 'the Eight Free Spirits of Yanzhou.' He passed through several posts to Governor of Danyang, and was killed by Su Jun."

明帝《東宮僚屬名》曰：「固字道安，太山人。」《文字志》曰：「固父坦，車騎長史。固善草行，著名一時，避亂渡江，累遷黃門侍郎。褒其淸儉，贈大鴻臚。」

Emperor Ming's Donggong liaoshu ming says, "Gu's courtesy name was Dao'an; he was a man of Taishan." The Wenzi zhi says, "Gu's father Tan was senior administrator to the General of Chariots and Cavalry. Gu was good at the cursive and running hands and was famous in his day. He fled the troubles and crossed the river, and passed through several posts to Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate. His purity and frugality were praised, and he was given the posthumous title of Chamberlain for Dependencies."

《孫子兵法》曰：「火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火車，四曰火軍，五曰火隊。凡軍必知五火之變，故以火攻者，明也。」

The Sunzi bingfa says, "There are five kinds of attack by fire. The first is to burn men; the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn carts; the fourth is to burn troops; the fifth is to burn the ranks. An army must always know the changes of the five fires, and so to attack by fire is to have light."

《語林》曰：「周侯飲酒已醉，著白祫，憑兩人來詣丞相。」

The Yulin says, "Marquis Zhou had drunk until he was drunk, and wearing a white lined coat he came to the Chancellor leaning on two men."

《中興書》曰：「和有操量，弱冠知名。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "He had bearing and capacity, and was known by name at twenty."

《晉陽秋》曰：「蘇峻作逆，詔亮都督征討，戰於建陽門外，王師敗績，亮於陳攜二弟奔温嶠。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "When Su Jun made his revolt, an edict set Liang over the campaign against him, and they fought outside the Jianyang gate. The royal army was broken, and out of the ranks Liang took his two younger brothers and fled to Wen Qiao."

《劉氏譜》曰：「劉綏妻陳留阮蕃女，字幼娥。」綏，別見。

The Liushi pu says, "Liu Sui's wife was a daughter of Ruan Fan of Chenliu; her courtesy name was You'e." Sui appears elsewhere.

《庾氏傳》曰：「翼娶髙平劉綏女，字靜女。」

The Yushi zhuan says, "Yi married a daughter of Liu Sui of Gaoping; her courtesy name was Jingnü."

桓温

This is Huan Wen.

武陵王晞

This is Sima Xi, Prince of Wuling.

《續晉陽秋》曰：「帝性温深，雅有局鎭。嘗與桓温、太宰武陵王晞同乘，至板橋，温密敕令無因鳴角鼓譟，部伍並驚馳，温陽駭異，晞大震，帝舉止自若，音顏無變。温毎以此稱其德量，故論者謂温服憚也。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "The emperor was warm and deep by nature, and elegantly possessed of composure and steadiness. Once he rode together with Huan Wen and the Grand Steward Sima Xi, Prince of Wuling, and when they came to Banqiao, Wen secretly ordered that horns be sounded and drums beaten and a clamor raised for no reason. The ranks were all startled and bolted. Wen feigned alarm and wonder, and Xi shook greatly, but the emperor's bearing was as calm as ever, and neither his voice nor his face changed. Wen always praised his virtue and capacity for this, and so those who discuss it say that Wen yielded to him and stood in awe of him."

《劭薈別傳》曰：「劭字敬倫，丞相導第五子。淸貴簡素，研味玄賾。大司馬桓温稱爲『鳳鶵』。累遷尚書僕射、呉國内史。薈字敬文，丞相最小子。有淸譽，夷泰無競，仕至鎭軍將軍。」

The Shao and Hui biezhuan says, "Shao's courtesy name was Jinglun; he was the fifth son of the Chancellor Dao. He was pure and noble, spare and plain, and he ground and savored what is dark and deep. Huan Wen, the Commander-in-chief, called him 'a phoenix chick.' He passed through several posts to Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Director of the princedom of Wu. Hui's courtesy name was Jingwen; he was the Chancellor's youngest son. He had a pure repute, was calm and at ease, and did not contend. He served up to General Who Guards the Army."

《中興書》曰：「希字始彦，司空冰長子。累遷徐兗二州刺史。希兄弟貴盛，桓温忌之，諷免希官，遂奔於暨陽。初，郭璞筮冰子孫必有大禍，唯固三陽可以有後。故希求鎭山陽，弟友爲東陽，希自家暨陽。及温誅希，弟柔、倩聞希難，逃於海陵。後還京口聚衆，事敗，爲温所誅。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Xi's courtesy name was Shiyan; he was the eldest son of Bing, the Minister of Works. He passed through several posts to Inspector of the two provinces Xuzhou and Yanzhou. Xi and his brothers were noble and flourishing, and Huan Wen was jealous of them and hinted that Xi be relieved of office, whereupon he fled to Jiyang. At the beginning Guo Pu divined that Bing's descendants would surely meet a great calamity, and that only by holding fast to the three Yangs could they have posterity. So Xi asked to hold Shanyang, his younger brother You became Governor of Dongyang, and Xi made his own home at Jiyang. When Wen put Xi to death, his younger brothers Rou and Qian heard of Xi's trouble and fled to Hailing. Later they came back to Jingkou and gathered a following, but the affair failed and they were put to death by Wen."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「超謂温雄武，當樂推之運，遂深自委結。温亦深相器重，故潛謀密計，莫不預焉。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Chao held Wen to be bold and martial and to stand in the destiny that men gladly push forward, and so he gave himself over to him deeply and bound himself to him. Wen too prized him deeply as a vessel, and so there was no hidden plan or secret scheme in which Chao did not share."

帳，一作帷。

Where the text has "curtain," one copy has "hanging."

《中興書》曰：「安先居會稽，與支道林、王羲之、許詢共遊處。出則漁弋山水，入則談説屬文，未嘗有處世意也。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "An lived first in Kuaiji, and roamed and dwelt there with Zhi Daolin, Wang Xizhi, and Xu Xun. When he went out he fished and hunted among the hills and streams; when he came in he talked and composed writings; and he never had any mind to take a place in the world."

《晉安帝紀》曰：「簡文晏駕，遺詔桓温依諸葛亮、王導故事，温大怒，以爲黜其權，謝安、王坦之所建也。入赴山陵，百官拜於道側，在位望者，戰慄失色。或云自此欲殺王謝。」

The Jin Andi ji says, "When Jianwen passed away, his last edict told Huan Wen to follow the precedents of Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao. Wen was greatly angered, and held that this thrusting aside of his power was the work of Xie An and Wang Tanzhi. When he hastened to the imperial tomb, the hundred officers bowed by the roadside, and those in office who came within his sight trembled and lost color. Some say that from this time he wished to kill the Wangs and the Xies."

按，《宋明帝文章志》曰：「安能作洛下書生詠，而少有鼻疾，語音濁。後名流多斅其詠，弗能及，手掩鼻而吟焉。桓温止新亭，大陳兵衞，呼安及坦之，欲於坐害之。王入失措，倒執手版，汗流霑衣。安神姿舉動，不異於常。舉目徧歴温左右衞士，謂温曰：『安聞諸侯有道，守在四鄰。明公何有壁間著阿堵輩？』温笑曰：『正自不能不爾。』於是矜莊之心頓盡。命部左右，促燕行觴，笑語移日。

Note: the Song Mingdi wenzhang zhi says, "An could do the chant of the students of Luoxia, but he had a slight trouble of the nose and his voice was muffled. Later men of name often copied his chanting and could not match it, so they would cover the nose with a hand and intone. Huan Wen stayed at Xinting and set out his troops and guards in great array, and called An and Tanzhi, meaning to do them harm at the mat. Wang went in and lost his bearing, held his tablet upside down, and the sweat ran down and soaked his clothes. An's spirit, his figure and his movements were no different from usual. He raised his eyes and looked all along Wen's guardsmen on either side, and said to Wen, 'I have heard that when a feudal lord has the way, his defense lies in his four neighbors. Why does Your Excellency keep such fellows between the walls?' Wen laughed and said, 'It is simply that I cannot do otherwise.' At this his proud and stern mood was spent all at once. He ordered those about him to hurry the feast and pass the cups, and they laughed and talked the day away."

超得寵桓温，專殺生之威。

Chao was favored by Huan Wen and held alone the power of life and death.

《髙逸沙門傳》曰：「遁爲哀帝所迎，遊京邑久，心在故山，乃拂衣王都，還就巖穴。」

The Gaoyi shamen zhuan says, "Dun was received by Emperor Ai and roamed in the capital for a long time, but his heart was in his old mountain, and so he shook out his robe at the royal city and went back to his cave in the rocks."

《丹陽記》曰：「太安中，征虜將軍謝安立此亭，因以爲名。」

The Danyang ji says, "In the Tai'an years Xie An, General Who Subdues the Caitiffs, built this pavilion, and from this it took its name."

《中興書》曰：「蔡糸字子叔，濟陽人，司徒謨第二子。有文理，仕至撫軍長史。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Cai Xi's courtesy name was Zishu; he was a man of Jiyang, the second son of Mo, the Minister over the Masses. He had letters and reason, and served up to senior administrator to the General Who Soothes the Army."

《安和上傳》曰：「釋道安者，常山薄柳人，本姓衞，年十二作沙門。神性聰敏而貌至陋，佛圖澄甚重之。値石氏亂，於陸渾山木食修學，爲慕容俊所逼，乃住襄陽。以佛法東流，經籍錯謬，更爲條章，標序篇目，爲之注解。自支道林等皆宗其理。無疾卒。」

The An heshang zhuan says, "Shi Dao'an was a man of Boliu in Changshan; his original surname was Wei, and at twelve he became a monk. His spirit and nature were bright and quick, but his looks were exceedingly ugly, and Fotucheng valued him greatly. Meeting with the troubles of the Shi house, he ate the fruit of trees on Mount Luhun and pursued his studies, and being pressed hard by Murong Jun he settled at Xiangyang. Since the law of the Buddha had flowed east and the scriptures were confused and wrong, he made the articles and chapters anew, marked out and ordered the titles of the sections, and wrote commentaries upon them. From Zhi Daolin onward all took his reasoning for their guide. He died without illness."

《晉百官名》曰：「謝奉字弘道，會稽山陰人。」《謝氏譜》曰：「奉祖端，散騎常侍。父鳳，丞相主簿。奉歴安南將軍、廣州刺史、吏部尚書。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Xie Feng's courtesy name was Hongdao; he was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji." The Xieshi pu says, "Feng's grandfather Duan was Cavalier Attendant-in-ordinary. His father Feng (鳳) was Recorder to the Chancellor. Feng served as General Who Pacifies the South, as Inspector of Guangzhou, and as Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel."

《晉安帝紀》曰：「戴逵字安道，譙國人。少有淸操，恬和通任，爲劉眞長所知。性甚快暢，泰於娯生。好鼓琴，善屬文，尤樂遊燕，多與髙門風流者游，談者許其通隱。屢辭徴命，遂著髙尚之稱。」

The Jin Andi ji says, "Dai Kui's courtesy name was Andao; he was a man of Qiaoguo. In his youth he had a pure constancy, and was calm and harmonious, open and free, and Liu Zhenchang knew him. His nature was very bright and easy, and he was generous in the enjoyment of life. He loved to play the zither and was good at composing, and he took still more pleasure in roaming and feasting. He went about mostly with men of style from the high gates, and those who talked of him allowed him the name of one who hides while moving among men. He declined summonses again and again, and so he won the name of lofty and high."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「初，苻堅南寇，京師大震。謝安無懼色，方命駕出墅，與兄子玄圍棋。夜還乃處分，少日皆辦。破賊又無喜容。其髙量如此。」《謝車騎傳》曰：「氐賊苻堅，傾國大出，衆號百萬。朝廷遣諸軍距之，凡八萬。堅進屯壽陽，玄爲前鋒都督，與從弟琰等選精鋭決戰。射傷堅，俘獲數萬計，得僞輦及雲母車，寶器山積，錦剡萬端，牛、馬、臚、騾、駝十萬頭匹。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "At first, when Fu Jian came raiding south, the capital was greatly shaken. Xie An had no look of fear, but ordered his carriage and went out to his villa, and played go with his brother's son Xuan. He came back at night and made his dispositions, and in a few days all was ready. When the rebels were broken he again had no look of joy. Such was his lofty capacity." The Xie cheqi zhuan says, "Fu Jian, the Di rebel, came out in force with the whole weight of his state, and his host was said to be a million. The court sent several armies to hold him off, eighty thousand in all. Jian came on and camped at Shouyang. Xuan was commander of the vanguard, and with his cousin Yan and others he picked out the keen and the strong and fought it out. They shot and wounded Jian, and the captives were reckoned in tens of thousands. They took the usurper's palanquin and his mica carriage, and the precious vessels were heaped up like a hill, with ten thousand bolts of brocade and silk, and a hundred thousand head of oxen, horses, donkeys, mules and camels."

《晉百官名》曰：「王徽之，字子猷。」《中興書》曰：「徽之，羲之第五子。卓犖不羈，欲爲傲達，仕至黃門侍郎。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Wang Huizhi, courtesy name Ziyou." The Zhongxing shu says, "Huizhi was Xizhi's fifth son. He stood out above others and would not be bridled, and he set out to be haughty and unhindered. He served up to Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「獻之雖不脩賞貫，而容止不妄。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Though Xianzhi did not cultivate the praise of others or the practice of the arts, his bearing was never careless."

堅，別見。

Jian appears elsewhere.

王珉、謝玄並已見。小奴，王薈小字也。

Wang Min and Xie Xuan have both already appeared. Xiaonu was Wang Hui's childhood name.

謝玄曾爲徐州，故云使君。

Xie Xuan had once been Inspector of Xuzhou, and so he was called Commissioner.

玄叔父安，曾爲呉興，玄少時從之遊。故珉云然。

Xuan's uncle An had once held Wuxing, and Xuan in his youth went about with him there. That is why Min spoke so.

《續晉陽秋》曰：「珣初辟大司馬掾，桓温至重之，常稱『王掾必爲黑頭公，未易才也』。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xun was first called to be an aide to the Commander-in-chief, and Huan Wen valued him to the utmost, and always said, 'Aide Wang will surely be a duke while his head is still black. This is no easy talent.'"

徐廣《晉紀》曰：「泰元二十年九月，有蓬星如粉絮，東南行，歴須女、至央星。」按，太元末，唯有此妖，不聞長星也。且漢文八年，有長星出東方。文穎注曰：「長星有光芒，或竟天，或長十丈，或二、三丈，無常也。」此星見，多爲兵革事。此後十六年，文帝乃崩。蓋知長星非關天子，世説虚也。

Xu Guang's Jin ji says, "In the ninth month of the twentieth year of Taiyuan there was a bushy star like shreds of cotton. It went southeast, passed the Xunü mansion and reached the star Yang." Note: at the end of Taiyuan there was only this baleful star, and nothing is heard of a long star. Moreover, in the eighth year of Emperor Wen of Han a long star came out in the east. Wen Ying's commentary says, "A long star has rays of light. Sometimes it stretches across the sky, sometimes it is ten zhang long, sometimes two or three zhang; there is nothing constant about it." When this star appears there is commonly an affair of arms. Sixteen years after this, Emperor Wen died. From this it may be known that the long star has nothing to do with the Son of Heaven, and that the Shishuo is empty here.

《文士傳》曰：「晳字廣微，陽平元城人，漢太子太傅踈廣後也。王莽末，廣曾孫孟達自東海避難元城，改姓，去『踈』之『足』以爲束氏。晳博學多識，問無不對。元康中，有人自嵩髙山下得竹簡一枚，上兩行科斗書，司空張華以問晳。晳曰：『此明帝顯節陵中策文也。』檢校果然。曾爲麥并賦諸文，文甚俳謔。三十九歳卒，元城爲之廢市。」

The Wenshi zhuan says, "Xi's courtesy name was Guangwei; he was a man of Yuancheng in Yangping, a descendant of Shu Guang, Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent under the Han. At the end of Wang Mang's time, Guang's great-grandson Mengda fled the troubles from Donghai to Yuancheng and changed the surname, taking the foot element out of the graph for Shu and so making the surname Shu. Xi was widely learned and knew much, and there was nothing he could not answer when asked. In the Yuankang years a man found a bamboo slip below Mount Songgao with two lines of tadpole writing on it, and Zhang Hua, the Minister of Works, asked Xi about it. Xi said, 'This is the text of the tablet from the Xianjie tomb of Emperor Ming.' They checked it, and so it was. He once wrote the Maibing fu and other pieces, and his writing was very droll. He died at thirty-nine, and Yuancheng closed its market for him."

益壽，謝混小字也。

Yishou was Xie Hun's childhood name.

王睹已見。齊，王熙小字也。《中興書》曰：「熙字叔和，恭次弟。尚鄱陽公主，太子洗馬，早卒。」

Wang Du has already appeared. Qi was Wang Xi's childhood name. The Zhongxing shu says, "Xi's courtesy name was Shuhe; he was Gong's next younger brother. He married the Princess of Poyang and was Aide to the Heir Apparent. He died young."