Grieving for the Departed世説新語 傷逝第十七

魏志曰：「王粲字仲宣，山陽高平人。曾祖龔、父暢，皆為漢三公。粲至長安見蔡邕，邕奇之，倒屣迎之曰：『此王公孫，有異才，吾不及也！吾家書籍，盡當與之。』避亂荊州，依劉表，以粲貌寢通脫，不甚重之。太祖以從征吳，道中卒。」

The Wei zhi says, "Wang Can, whose courtesy name was Zhongxuan, was a man of Gaoping in Shanyang. His great-grandfather Wang Gong and his father Wang Chang were both among the Three Excellencies of Han. When Wang Can came to Chang'an he called on Cai Yong, and Cai Yong thought him remarkable and put his shoes on backwards to meet him, saying, 'This is the grandson of Lord Wang. He has a rare talent, and I do not come up to him. All the books of my house should go to him.' Fleeing the troubles, Wang Can went to Jingzhou and leaned on Liu Biao, but because he was plain in looks and free in his manner Liu Biao did not value him greatly. Taizu took him along on the campaign against Wu, and he died on the road."

按戴叔鸞母好驢鳴，叔鸞每為驢鳴以說其母。人之所好，儻亦同之。

It may be noted that the mother of Dai Shuluan loved the braying of donkeys, and Shuluan would always bray like a donkey to please her. What men love is sometimes the same.

韋昭漢書注曰：「壚，酒肆也。以土為墮，四邊高似壚也。」

Wei Zhao's commentary on the Book of Han says, "The lu (壚) is a wine shop. Earth is banked up so that the four sides stand high, like a brazier."

竹林七賢論曰：「俗傳若此。潁川庾爰之嘗以問其伯文康，文康云：『中朝所不聞，江左忽有此論，皆好事者為之也。』」

The Zhulin qixian lun says, "Such is the common tradition. Yu Yuanzhi of Yingchuan once asked his uncle Wenkang about it, and Wenkang said, 'This was not heard of in the Middle Court. In Jiangzuo such talk has suddenly appeared, and it is all the making of men who are fond of a story.'"

語林曰：「王武子葬，孫子荊哭之甚悲，賓客莫不垂涕。既作驢鳴，賓客皆笑。孫曰：『諸君不死，而令武子死乎？』賓客皆怒。」

The Yulin says, "At Wang Wuzi's burial Sun Zijing wailed for him most sorrowfully, and not one of the guests failed to shed tears. Then he brayed like a donkey, and the guests all laughed. Sun Zijing said, 'You gentlemen do not die, and Wuzi has been made to die?' and the guests were all angry."

王隱晉書曰：「戎子綏，欲取裴遁女。綏既蚤亡，戎過傷痛，不許人求之，遂至老無敢取者。」

Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Wang Rong's son Wang Sui was to take the daughter of Pei Dun. Sui died early, and Wang Rong grieved beyond measure and would not allow anyone to ask for her, so that she grew old with no one daring to take her."

一說是王夷甫喪子，山簡弔之。

One account says that it was Wang Yifu who lost a son and Shan Jian who came to condole with him.

永嘉流人名曰：「玠以六年六月二十日亡，葬南昌城許徵墓東。玠之薨，謝幼輿發哀於武昌，感慟不自勝。人問：『子何卹而致哀如是？』答曰：『棟梁折矣，何得不哀？』」

The Yongjia liuren ming says, "Wei Jie died on the twentieth day of the sixth month of the sixth year, and was buried east of the grave of Xu Zheng at the city of Nanchang. When Wei Jie died, Xie Youyu wailed for him at Wuchang and grieved beyond his own mastering. Men asked him, 'What troubles you, that you come to such sorrow?' He answered, 'The ridgepole and the beam are broken. How can I not grieve?'"

玠別傳曰：「玠咸和中改遷於江寧。丞相王公教曰：『洗馬明當改葬。此君風流名士，海內所瞻，可脩三牲之祭，以敦舊好。』」

The Jie biezhuan says, "In the Xianhe years Wei Jie was moved to Jiangning. Prime Minister Wang gave this instruction. 'The Aide to the Crown Prince is to be buried again tomorrow. This gentleman was a famous gentleman of style, one whom all within the seas looked up to. A sacrifice of the three victims may be prepared, to make the old friendship firm.'"

亮子會，會妻父彪，並已見上。

Yu Liang's son was Yu Hui, and the father of Yu Hui's wife was Zhuge Biao. Both have already appeared above.

搜神記曰：「初，庾亮病，術士戴洋曰：『昔蘇峻事，公於白石祠中許賽車下牛，從來未解。為此鬼所考，不可救也。』明年，亮果亡。」靈鬼志謠徵曰：「文康初鎮武昌，出石頭，百姓看者於岸歌曰：『庾公上武昌、翩翩如飛鳥；庾公還揚州，白馬牽旒旐。』又曰：『庾公初上時，翩翩如飛鳥；庾公還揚州，白馬牽旐車。』後連徵不入，尋薨，下都葬焉。」

The Soushen ji says, "When Yu Liang first fell ill the diviner Dai Yang said, 'Long ago, at the affair of Su Jun, my lord promised in the shrine at Baishi the ox that drew his carriage, and to this day the vow is unloosed. He is held fast by this ghost, and cannot be saved.' The next year Yu Liang did indeed die." The Linggui zhi yaozheng says, "When Wenkang first went to hold Wuchang and set out from Shitou, among the people who watched him there were those who sang on the bank, 'Lord Yu goes up to Wuchang, light as a bird in flight. Lord Yu comes back to Yangzhou, white horses drawing streamers and a funeral banner.' They also sang, 'When Lord Yu first went up he was light as a bird in flight. Lord Yu comes back to Yangzhou, white horses drawing the banner cart.' Afterwards he was summoned again and again and would not come in, and before long he died, and was brought down to the capital and buried there."

濛別傳曰：「濛以永和初卒，年三十九。沛國劉惔與濛至交，及卒，惔深悼之。雖友于之愛，不能過也。」

The Meng biezhuan says, "Wang Meng died at the beginning of the Yonghe years, at the age of thirty-nine. Liu Tan of Peiguo was on the closest terms with Wang Meng, and when he died Liu Tan mourned him deeply. Even the love of brothers could not have gone beyond it."

支遁傳曰：「法虔，道林同學也。俊朗有理義，遁甚重之。」

The Zhi Dun zhuan says, "Faqian studied together with Daolin. He was outstanding and clear and had a grasp of principle and right, and Zhi Dun valued him greatly."

莊子曰：「郢人堊漫其鼻端若蠅翼，使匠石運斤斲之，堊盡而鼻不傷，郢人立不失容。」

The Zhuangzi says, "A man of Ying had white clay smeared on the tip of his nose, no thicker than a fly's wing, and had Carpenter Shi swing his axe and cut it away. The clay was all gone and the nose was not hurt, and the man of Ying stood there without losing countenance."

韓詩外傳曰：「伯牙鼓琴，鍾子期聽之，方鼓琴，志在太山，子期曰：『善哉乎，鼓琴！巍巍乎，若太山！』莫景之閒，志在流水，子期曰：『善哉乎，鼓琴！洋洋乎，若流水！』鍾子期死，伯牙擗琴絕絃；終身不復鼓之，以為在者無足為之鼓琴也。」

The Hanshi waizhuan says, "Boya played the zither and Zhong Ziqi listened. As he played, his mind was on Mount Tai, and Ziqi said, 'Good, this playing of the zither! Towering, like Mount Tai!' In a little while his mind was on flowing water, and Ziqi said, 'Good, this playing of the zither! Rolling on, like flowing water!' When Zhong Ziqi died, Boya smashed his zither and cut its strings, and to the end of his life never played again, holding that among the living there was none worth playing for."

中興書曰：「超年四十一，先愔卒。超所交友，皆一時俊乂。及死之日，貴賤為誄者四十餘人。」續晉陽秋曰：「超黨戴桓氏，為其謀主，以父愔忠於王室，不令知之。將亡，出一小書箱付門生，云：『本欲焚此，恐官年尊，必以傷愍為斃。我亡後，若大損眠食，則呈此箱。』愔後果慟悼成疾，門生乃如超旨，則與桓溫往反密計。愔見即大怒曰：『小子死恨晚！』後不復哭。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Xi Chao was forty-one, and died before Xi Yin. The friends Xi Chao kept were all the finest men of their time. On the day he died, more than forty men of high and low rank composed dirges for him." The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xi Chao sided with the Huan house and was the master of their plans, and because his father Xi Yin was true to the royal house he did not let him know of it. When he was about to die he brought out a small book box and gave it to a disciple, saying, 'I meant to burn this, but the old gentleman is advanced in years, and I fear the pain and the pity will be the death of him. After I am gone, if he greatly loses his sleep and his food, then present him this box.' Xi Yin did afterwards grieve until he fell ill, and the disciple then did as Xi Chao had directed. It held the secret plans passed back and forth with Huan Wen. Xi Yin saw it and at once fell into a great rage, and said, 'I regret that the boy died so late.' After that he wailed no more."

支遁傳曰：「遁太和元年終于剡之石城山，因葬焉。」

The Zhi Dun zhuan says, "Dun died in the first year of Taihe on Mount Shicheng in Shan, and so was buried there."

王珣法師墓下詩序曰：「余以寧康二年，命駕之剡石城山，即法師之丘也。高墳鬱為荒楚，丘隴化為宿莽，遺跡未滅，而其人已遠。感想平昔，觸物悽懷。」其為時賢所惜如此。

Wang Xun's preface to his poem at the Reverend Master's grave says, "In the second year of Ningkang I called for my carriage and went to Mount Shicheng in Shan, which is the Master's hill. The high mound has grown rank into wild thorns, and the slope has turned to old weeds. What he left behind is not yet gone, but the man himself is already far away. I think back on the old days, and at the touch of each thing I hold a chill sorrow." Such was the regret felt for him by the worthy men of that time.

綏已見。

Yang Sui has already appeared.

中興書曰：「珣兄弟皆婿謝氏，以猜嫌離婚。太傅既與珣絕婚，又離妻，由是二族遂成仇釁。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "The brothers of Wang Xun were all sons-in-law of the Xie house, and they broke off the marriages out of suspicion and dislike. The Grand Tutor, having already broken off the marriage with Wang Xun, also sent his wife away, and from this the two clans came at last to be enemies."

法護，珣小字。

Fahu was Wang Xun's childhood name.

末婢，謝琰小字。琰字瑗度，安少子。開率有大度，為孫恩所害。贈侍中司空。

Mobi was Xie Yan's childhood name. Xie Yan, whose courtesy name was Yuandu, was Xie An's younger son. He was open and free and of great capacity, and was killed by Sun En. He was granted the posts of Palace Attendant and Minister of Works.

獻之以泰元十三年卒，年四十五。

Wang Xianzhi died in the thirteenth year of Taiyuan, at the age of forty-five.

幽明錄曰：「泰元中，有一師從遠來，莫知所出。云：『人命應終，有生樂代者，則死者可生。若逼人求代，亦復不過少時。』人聞此，咸怪其虛誕。王子猷、子敬兄弟，特相和睦。子敬疾屬纊，子猷謂之曰：『吾才不如弟，位亦通塞，請以餘年代弟。』師曰：『夫生代死者，以己年限有餘，得以足亡者耳。今賢弟命既應終，君侯算亦當盡，復何所代？』子猷先有背疾，子敬疾篤，恆禁來往。聞亡，便撫心悲惋，都不得一聲，背即潰裂。推師之言，信而有實。」

The Youming lu says, "In the Taiyuan years a monk came from far away, and no one knew where he had come from. He said, 'When a man's life should end, if there is one living who is glad to take his place, then the dying man may live. But if a man is pressed to take another's place, that too lasts no more than a little while.' Those who heard this all thought it empty and absurd. Wang Ziyou and Zijing, the brothers, were unusually close. When Zijing's illness had come to the holding of the floss, Ziyou said to him, 'My talent does not match my brother's, and my place in the world has been blocked as well. I ask to give my remaining years in my brother's stead.' The monk said, 'When the living take the place of the dying, it is because the span of their own years has something left over and it can be added to the one who is dying. Now your worthy brother's life should end, and your own reckoning too is at its close. What place is there left to take?' Ziyou had had a trouble in his back before, and while Zijing was gravely ill he was always forbidden to come and go. When he heard of the death he pressed his breast in sorrow and dismay, and could not get out a single sound, and his back split open. Measured against the monk's words, it holds true and is borne out."

中興書曰：「烈宗喪，會稽王道子執政，寵幸王國寶，委以機任。王恭入赴山陵，故有此歎。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "When Liezong died, the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi, held the government and favored Wang Guobao and entrusted him with the offices of power. Lord Wang came in for the burial at the imperial tomb, and so he made this sigh."

孚已見。宋書曰：「欣字敬元，太山南城人。少懷靜默，秉操無競。美姿容，善笑言，長於草隸。」羊氏譜曰：「孚即欣從祖。」

Yang Fu has already appeared. The Song shu says, "Yang Xin, whose courtesy name was Jingyuan, was a man of Nancheng in Taishan. From his youth he held to quiet and silence, and kept his principles without contending. He was handsome in bearing and good at talk and laughter, and excelled at cursive and clerical script." The Yang shi pu says, "Yang Fu was the great-uncle of Yang Xin."

公羊傳曰：「顏淵死，子曰：『噫！天喪予！』子路亡，子曰：『噫！天祝予！』」何休曰：「祝者，斷也。天將亡夫子耳。」

The Gongyang zhuan says, "When Yan Yuan died the Master said, 'Alas! Heaven has bereft me!' When Zilu died the Master said, 'Alas! Heaven cuts me off!'" He Xiu says, "Zhu (祝) means to cut off. It is that Heaven was about to take the Master away."

卞範已見。

Bian Fan has already appeared.

索氏譜曰：「元字天保，燉煌人。父緒，散騎常侍。元歷征虜將軍、歷陽太守。」幽明錄曰：「元在歷陽，疾病，西界一年少女子姓某，自言為神所降，來與元相聞，許為治護。元性剛直，以為妖惑，收以付獄，戮之於市中。女臨死曰：『卻後十七日，當令索元知其罪。』如期，元果亡。」

The Suo shi pu says, "Suo Yuan, whose courtesy name was Tianbao, was a man of Dunhuang. His father Suo Xu was a Cavalier Attendant-in-ordinary. Suo Yuan served as General Who Subdues the Caitiffs and as Grand Warden of Liyang." The Youming lu says, "While Suo Yuan was in Liyang he fell ill. A young woman of a certain surname from the western border said of herself that a spirit had come down upon her, and came to make herself known to Suo Yuan and offered to heal him. Suo Yuan was hard and upright by nature, and holding it a bewitching delusion he seized her and sent her to prison, and had her killed in the marketplace. As she died the woman said, 'Seventeen days from now I shall make Suo Yuan know his crime.' On the appointed day Suo Yuan did indeed die."