Dwelling Apart世説新語 棲逸第十八

《魏氏春秋》曰：「阮籍常率意獨駕，不由徑路，車跡所窮，輒慟哭而反。嘗遊蘇門山，有隱者莫知姓名，有竹實數斛，杵臼而已。籍聞而從之，談太古無為之道，論五帝三王之義，蘇門先生脩然曾不眄之。籍乃嘐然長嘯，韻響寥亮。蘇門先生乃逌爾而笑。籍既降，先生喟然高嘯，有如鳳音。籍素知音，乃假蘇門先生之論，以寄所懷。其歌曰：『日沒不周西，月出丹淵中。陽精晦不見，陰光代為雄。亭亭在須臾，厭厭將復隆。富貴俛仰閒，貧賤何必終。』」《竹林七賢論》曰：「籍歸，遂著大人先生論，所言皆胸懷閒本趣，大意謂先生與己不異也。觀其長嘯相和，亦近乎目擊道存矣。」

The Wei shi chunqiu says, "Ruan Ji would often drive out alone as the mood took him, not following any road, and when the carriage tracks came to an end he would wail in grief and turn back. He once roamed on Mount Sumen, where there was a hermit whose surname and name no one knew, who had only a few piculs of bamboo fruit and a pestle and a mortar. Ruan Ji heard of him and went to him, and spoke of the way of non-action in high antiquity and discussed the rightness of the Five Emperors and the Three Kings, but Master Sumen sat aloof and never once glanced at him. Ruan Ji then gave a long full whistle, and the echo of it was far and clear. At this Master Sumen smiled with pleasure. When Ruan Ji had gone down, the Master sighed and whistled high, and there was in it something like the voice of a phoenix. Ruan Ji had always known music, and so he borrowed the discourse of Master Sumen to lodge what he held in his breast. His song said, 'The sun sets west of Buzhou, and the moon comes out of the midst of Danyuan. The essence of the light is darkened and is not seen, and the shining of the shade takes its place as the strong one. What stands tall stands but for a moment, and what droops will rise high again. Riches and honor are within a bowing and a looking up. How should poverty and meanness last to the end?'" The Zhulin qixian lun says, "Ruan Ji went back and then wrote the Daren xiansheng lun, and all that he said in it was the native bent of his own breast, the main purport being that the Master was no different from himself. Seeing how they answered one another with long whistling, this too comes near to the meeting of eyes in which the Way is present."

《康集·序》曰：「孫登者，不知何許人。無家，於汲郡北山土窟住。夏則編草為裳，冬則被髮自覆。好讀易，鼓一絃琴，見者皆親樂之。」《魏氏春秋》曰：「登性無喜怒，或沒諸水，出而觀之，登復大笑。時時出入人間，所經家設衣食者，一無所辭，去皆舍去。」《文士傳》曰：「嘉平中，汲縣民共入山中，見一人，所居懸巖百仞，叢林鬱茂，而神明甚察。自云『孫姓，登名，字公和』。康聞，乃從遊三年。問其所圖，終不荅。然神謀所存良妙，康每薾然歎息。將別，謂曰：『先生竟無言乎？』登乃曰：『子識火乎？生而有光，而不用其光，果然在於用光。人生有才，而不用其才，果然在於用才。故用光在乎得薪，所以保其曜；用才在乎識物，所以全其年。今子才多識寡，難乎免於今之世矣！子無多求！』康不能用。及遭呂安事，在獄為詩自責云：『昔慚下惠，今愧孫登！』」王隱《晉書》曰：「孫登即阮籍所見者也。嵇康執弟子禮而師焉。魏、晉去就，易生嫌疑，貴賤並沒，故登或默也。」

The preface to the Kang ji says, "As for Sun Deng, no one knew where he came from. He had no house, and lived in an earthen cave on the north mountain of Jijun. In summer he wove grass for a skirt, and in winter he let down his hair to cover himself. He loved to read the Book of Changes and played a one-stringed zither, and all who saw him drew near him and took pleasure in him." The Wei shi chunqiu says, "Sun Deng by nature had neither joy nor anger. Someone once sank him in the water, and when they came out and looked at him Sun Deng only laughed the more. From time to time he came and went among men, and where a house he passed set out clothes and food he refused nothing at all, and when he left he left it all behind." The Wenshi zhuan says, "In the Jiaping years the people of Ji county went together into the mountains and saw a man. Where he lived hung on a cliff a hundred fathoms high, thick with groves, and his spirit and his understanding were very keen. He said of himself, 'My surname is Sun, my name is Deng, and my style is Gonghe.' Ji Kang heard of him and went and roamed with him for three years. He asked what the man was aiming at, but to the end got no answer. Yet what he held by way of divine counsel was truly wonderful, and Ji Kang always sighed over it with a weary heart. When they were about to part, Ji Kang said, 'Will you say nothing at all to me, sir?' Sun Deng then said, 'Do you know fire? It is born having light, and if it does not use that light, then what it truly is lies in the using of light. A man is born having talent, and if he does not use that talent, then what he truly is lies in the using of talent. So the use of light lies in getting firewood, by which its brightness is kept, and the use of talent lies in knowing things, by which one's years are made whole. Now you have much talent and little knowing. It will be hard to escape the age we live in. Do not seek much.' Ji Kang could not use this. When he met with the affair of Lü An he made a poem in prison blaming himself, and said, 'Long ago I was ashamed before Xiahui, and now I am ashamed before Sun Deng.'" Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Sun Deng is the man Ruan Ji saw. Ji Kang held to the rites of a disciple and took him for master. Under Wei and Jin, coming forward and withdrawing easily bred suspicion, and men of high and low rank alike perished, and so Sun Deng was sometimes silent."

《康別傳》曰：「山巨源為吏部郎，遷散騎常侍，舉康，康辭之，並與山絕。豈不識山之不以一官遇己情邪？亦欲標不屈之節，以杜舉者之口耳！乃荅濤書，自說不堪流俗，而非薄湯武。大將軍聞而惡之。」

The Kang biezhuan says, "Shan Juyuan was a Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel, and on being moved to Cavalier Attendant-in-ordinary he recommended Ji Kang. Ji Kang declined it, and broke with the Shan house as well. How could he not have known that Shan's feeling toward him was not that of treating him with a single office? He also wished to make plain his unbending principle, and so to stop the mouths of those who would recommend him. Then in the letter answering Shan Tao he said of himself that he could not endure the current of the vulgar, and he faulted and made light of Tang and Wu. The Grand General heard of it and hated him."

《文字志》曰：「廞字宗子，江夏鍾武人。祖康，秦州刺史。父重，平陽太守。世有名望。廞好學，善草隸，與兄式齊名。躄疾不能行坐，常仰臥，彈琴、讀誦不輟。河閒王辟太尉掾，以疾不赴。後避難，隨兄南渡，司徒王導復辟之。廞曰：『茂弘乃復以一爵加人！』永和中卒。廞嘗為二府辟，故號李公府也。式字景則，廞長兄也。思理儒隱，有平素之譽。渡江，累遷臨海太守、侍中。年五十四而卒。」

The Wenzi zhi says, "Li Xin, whose courtesy name was Zongzi, was a man of Zhongwu in Jiangxia. His grandfather Li Kang was Inspector of Qinzhou and his father Li Zhong was Grand Warden of Pingyang, and for generations the house had name and repute. Li Xin loved learning and was good at cursive and clerical script, and stood equal in name with his elder brother Li Shi. A crippling illness left him unable to walk or to sit, so that he always lay on his back, and he played the zither and read and recited without cease. The Prince of Hejian summoned him to be an aide of the Grand Commandant, but he pleaded illness and did not go. Later he fled the troubles and crossed to the south with his brother, and Wang Dao, Minister over the Masses, summoned him again. Li Xin said, 'Does Maohong once more add to a man a single office?' He died in the Yonghe years. Because Li Xin had been summoned by two headquarters he was called Li Gongfu. Li Shi, whose courtesy name was Jingze, was Li Xin's eldest brother. His thought was ordered in the retiring way of a scholar, and he had the praise that goes with plainness. He crossed the river and passed through a succession of posts as far as Grand Warden of Linhai and Palace Attendant. He died at the age of fifty-four."

《中興書》曰：「何準字幼道，廬江灊人。驃騎將軍充第五弟也。雅好高尚，徵聘一無所就。充位居宰相，權傾人主，而準散帶衡門，不及世事。于時名德皆稱之。年四十七卒。有女，為穆帝皇后。贈光祿大夫。子恢，讓不受。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "He Zhun, whose courtesy name was Youdao, was a man of Qian in Lujiang. He was the fifth younger brother of He Chong, the General of Agile Cavalry. He had a refined love of high things, and of the calls to office he answered none. He Chong's place was that of chief minister and his power leaned upon the ruler himself, but He Zhun loosened his sash at a gate of crossbars and did not touch the affairs of the world. The men of name and virtue of that time all praised him. He died at the age of forty-seven. He had a daughter who became the empress of Emperor Mu. He was granted the post of Grandee of the Palace, and his son He Hui declined it and would not receive it."

《阮裕別傳》曰：「裕居會稽剡山，志存肥遁。」

The Ruan Yu biezhuan says, "Yu lived on Mount Shan in Kuaiji, and his mind was set on a rich withdrawal from the world."

老子曰：「寵辱若驚，得之若驚，失之若驚。」

The Laozi says, "Favor and disgrace are as if they startled. To get them is as if startled, and to lose them is as if startled."

楊子曰：「蜀、莊沈冥。」李軌注曰：「沈冥，猶玄寂，泯然无跡之貌。」

The Yangzi says, "Shu and Zhuang sank into the dark." Li Gui's commentary says, "To sink into the dark is like the dark and still. It is the look of being blotted out and leaving no trace."

《孔愉別傳》曰：「永嘉大亂，愉入臨海山中，不求聞達，中宗命為參軍。」

The Kong Yu biezhuan says, "In the great disorder of Yongjia, Kong Yu went into the mountains of Linhai and did not seek to be heard of or known, and Zhongzong ordered him to be an adjutant."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「驎之字子驥，南陽安眾人。少尚質素，虛退寡欲。好遊山澤閒，志存遁逸。桓沖嘗至其家，驎之方條桑，謂沖：『使君既枉駕光臨，宜先詣家君。』沖遂詣其父。父命驎之，然後乃還，拂短褐與沖言。父使驎之自持濁酒葅菜供賓，沖敕人代之。父辭曰：『若使官人，則非野人之意也。』沖為慨然，至昏乃退。因請為長史，固辭。居陽岐，去道斥近，人士往來，必投其家。驎之身自供給，贈致無所受。去家百里，有孤嫗疾，將死，謂人曰：『唯有劉長史當埋我耳！』驎之身往候之疾終，為治棺殯。其仁愛皆如此。以壽卒。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Liu Linzhi, whose courtesy name was Ziji, was a man of Anzhong in Nanyang. From his youth he honored plainness, and was empty and retiring and of few desires. He loved to roam among the hills and marshes, and his mind was set on withdrawal. Huan Chong once came to his house, and Liu Linzhi, who was then trimming mulberry branches, said to Huan Chong, 'Since you have bent your carriage this way and shed your light upon us, you should first call on the master of the house.' Huan Chong then called on his father. The father summoned Liu Linzhi, and only then did he come back, shake out his short hempen coat and speak with Huan Chong. The father had Liu Linzhi himself carry in unstrained wine and pickles and greens to serve the guest, and Huan Chong ordered one of his men to do it in his place. The father declined, saying, 'If you use your officers, then it is not the mind of a man of the fields.' Huan Chong was moved by this, and it was dusk before he withdrew. On this account he asked Liu Linzhi to be his Chief Clerk, but Liu Linzhi firmly declined. He lived at Yangqi, which was very close to the road, and when men of standing passed to and fro they would always stop at his house. Liu Linzhi provided for them himself, and would take nothing of what they sent him. A hundred li from his house a solitary old woman fell ill and was about to die, and she said to people, 'Only Liu the Chief Clerk will bury me.' Liu Linzhi went himself to see how her illness went, and when she died he saw to a coffin and laid her out. His kindness and love were all of this sort. He lived out his span and died."

《晉陽秋》曰：「翟湯字道淵，南陽人，漢方進之後也。篤行任素，義讓廉潔，饋贈一無所受。值亂多寇，聞湯名德，皆不敢犯。」《尋陽記》曰：「初，庾亮臨江州，聞翟湯之風，束帶躡屐而詣焉。亮禮甚恭。湯曰：『使君直敬其枯木朽株耳。』亮稱其能言，表薦之。徵國子博士，不赴。主簿張玄曰：『此君臥龍，不可動也。』終于家。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Zhai Tang, whose courtesy name was Daoyuan, was a man of Nanyang, a descendant of Zhai Fangjin of Han. He was firm in conduct and gave himself to plainness, yielding out of right, and pure and clean, and of the gifts sent him he received not one. He met a time of disorder with many bandits, but hearing of Zhai Tang's name and virtue they none of them dared molest him." The Xunyang ji says, "When Yu Liang first came to Jiangzhou he heard of Zhai Tang's manner, and belted his robe and put on clogs and went to call on him. Yu Liang's courtesy was most respectful. Zhai Tang said, 'You do no more than pay respect to a dry tree and a rotten stump.' Yu Liang praised his gift of speech and recommended him in a memorial. He was summoned to be an Erudite of the National University, but did not go. His Recorder Zhang Xuan said, 'This gentleman is a dragon lying down, and cannot be moved.' He died at home."

袁宏《孟處士銘》曰：「處士名陋，字少孤，武昌陽新人，吳司空孟宗後也。少而希古，布衣蔬食，棲遲蓬蓽之下，絕人閒之事，親族慕其孝。大將軍命會稽王辟之，稱疾不至，相府歷年虛位，而澹然無悶，卒不降志，時人奇之。」

Yuan Hong's inscription for the retired scholar Meng says, "The retired scholar's name was Meng Lou and his style Shaogu. He was a man of Yangxin at Wuchang, a descendant of Meng Zong, Minister of Works of Wu. From his youth he looked toward the ancients. He wore hemp and ate vegetables and dwelt at ease under a hut of wattle and thatch, and cut himself off from the affairs of men, and his kin longed after his filial devotion. The Grand General ordered the Prince of Kuaiji to summon him, but he pleaded illness and did not come, so that the chief minister's headquarters kept the place empty for years. Yet he was calm and without vexation, and to the end he did not lower his purpose, and the men of that time thought him remarkable."

僧淵已見。

Kang Sengyuan has already appeared.

《續晉陽秋》曰：「逵不樂當世，以琴書自娛，隱會稽剡山，國子博士徵，不就。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Kui took no pleasure in the present age. He amused himself with the zither and with books and lived hidden on Mount Shan in Kuaiji, and when he was summoned as Erudite of the National University he would not go."

《戴氏譜》曰：「逯字安丘，譙國人。祖碩，父綏，有名位。逯以武勇顯，有功，封廣陵侯，仕至大司農。」

The Dai shi pu says, "Dai Lu, whose courtesy name was Anqiu, was a man of Qiaoguo. His grandfather Dai Shuo and his father Dai Sui had name and place. Dai Lu was known for his strength and daring, and having merit he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangling, and served as far as Minister of Agriculture."

鄭玄《禮記注》云：「苞苴，裹肉也。或以葦，或以茅。」此言許由尚致堯帝之讓，筐篚之遺，豈非輕邪？

Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Book of Rites says, "Baoju (苞苴) is meat wrapped up. It is done sometimes with reeds and sometimes with rushes." This means that Xu You had even the throne yielded to him by Emperor Yao brought before him, so how should gifts sent in baskets not be light?

《續晉陽秋》曰：「宣少尚隱遁，家于豫章，以清潔自立。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "From his youth Xuan honored withdrawal and retirement. He made his home at Yuzhang, and stood on his own by purity and cleanness."

約，瓊小字。

Yue was Fu Qiong's childhood name.

尚書，郗恢也。別見。檀道鸞《續晉陽秋》曰：「謝敷字慶緒，會稽人，崇信釋氏。初入太平山中十餘年，以長齋供養為業，招引同事，化納不倦。以母老還南山若邪中。內史郗愔表薦之，徵博士，不就。初，月犯少微星，一名處士星。古云：『以處士當之。』時戴逵居剡，既美才藝而交遊貴盛，先敷著名，時人憂之。俄而敷死，會稽人士以嘲吳人云：『吳中高士，便是求死不得。』」

The Minister is Xi Hui. He appears elsewhere. Tan Daoluan's Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xie Fu, whose courtesy name was Qingxu, was a man of Kuaiji, and honored and believed in the teaching of the Buddha. He first went into Mount Taiping and stayed more than ten years, making long fasting and the giving of offerings his occupation, and he drew in those of like practice and never wearied of winning them over. Because his mother was old he came back to Ruoye in the southern hills. Xi Yin, the Governor, recommended him in a memorial, and he was summoned as Erudite, but would not go. Earlier the moon had trespassed on the star Shaowei, which is also called the star of the retired scholar. An old saying has it, 'A retired scholar answers for it.' At that time Dai Kui was living at Shan, and as he was fine in talent and skill and his company was noble and flourishing, and as he had made his name before Xie Fu, the men of that time feared for him. Before long Xie Fu died, and the men of standing in Kuaiji mocked the men of Wu, saying, 'As for the lofty scholars of Wu, they may seek death and not get it.'"