Worthy Women世説新語 賢媛第十九

史記曰：「嬰故東陽令史，居縣素信，為長者。東陽人欲立長，乃請嬰。嬰母見之。乃以兵屬項梁，梁以嬰為上柱國。」

The Shi ji says, "Chen Ying was formerly a clerk of Dongyang. Living in the county he was trusted from of old, and he was a man of standing. The men of Dongyang wished to set up an elder, and so they asked Chen Ying. Chen Ying's mother looked into it. He then attached the troops to Xiang Liang, and Xiang Liang made Chen Ying Supreme Pillar of State."

漢書匈奴傳曰：「竟寧元年，呼韓邪單于求朝，自言願婿漢氏以自親，元帝以後宮良家子王嬙字明君賜之。單于懽喜，上書願保塞。」文穎曰：「昭君本蜀郡秭歸人也。」琴操曰：「王昭君者，齊國王穰女也。年十七，儀形絕麗，以節聞國中。長者求之者，王皆不許，乃獻漢元帝。帝造次不能別房帷，昭君恚怒之。會單于遣使，帝令宮人裝出，使者請一女。帝乃謂宮中曰：『欲至單于者起。』昭君喟然越席而起。帝視之，大驚悔。是時使者並見，不得止，乃賜單于。單于大說，獻諸珍物。昭君有子曰世違。單于死，世違繼立。凡為胡者，父死妻母。昭君問世違曰：『汝為漢也？為胡也？』世違曰：『欲為胡耳。』昭君乃吞藥自殺。」石季倫曰：「昭以觸文帝諱，故改為明。」

The Han shu, Xiongnu zhuan, says, "In the first year of Jingning the chanyu Huhanye asked to come to court, and said of himself that he wished to become a son-in-law of the house of Han and so draw close to it. Emperor Yuan bestowed on him Wang Qiang, whose courtesy name was Mingjun, a daughter of a good family of the rear palace. The chanyu was glad and sent up a letter asking to guard the frontier." Wen Ying said, "Zhaojun was originally a woman of Zigui in Shu commandery." The Qin cao says, "Wang Zhaojun was the daughter of Wang Rang of the state of Qi. At seventeen her bearing and form were surpassingly beautiful, and she was known throughout the state for her firmness. Wang Rang allowed none of the men of standing who sought her, and presented her instead to Emperor Yuan of Han. The emperor was hurried and could not tell one chamber from another, and Zhaojun was angry at it. It happened that the chanyu sent an envoy, and the emperor had the palace women dressed and brought out, and the envoy asked for one woman. The emperor then said to the palace, 'Let her who wishes to go to the chanyu rise.' Zhaojun sighed, stepped over her mat, and rose. The emperor looked at her and was greatly startled and full of regret. At that time the envoy had seen her as well, and it could not be stopped, and so she was bestowed on the chanyu. The chanyu was greatly pleased and presented many precious things. Zhaojun had a son named Shiwei. When the chanyu died, Shiwei succeeded him. It is the way of all who are Hu that when the father dies the son takes the mother to wife. Zhaojun asked Shiwei, 'Will you be a man of Han, or a Hu?' Shiwei said, 'I wish only to be a Hu.' Zhaojun then swallowed poison and killed herself." Shi Jilun said, "Zhao (昭) touched the taboo name of Emperor Wen, and so it was changed to Ming (明)."

漢書外戚傳曰：「成帝趙皇后，本長安宮人。初生，父母不舉，三日不死，乃收養之。及壯，屬河陽主家學歌舞，號曰飛燕。帝微行過主，見而說之，召入宮，大得幸，立為后。班婕妤者，雁門人。成帝初，選入宮，大得幸，為婕妤。帝遊後庭，嘗欲與同輦，婕妤辭之。趙飛燕譖許皇后及婕妤，婕妤對有辭致，上憐之，賜黃金百斤。飛燕嬌妒，婕妤恐見危，中求供養太后於長信宮。帝崩，婕妤充奉園陵。薨，葬園中。」

The Han shu, Waiqi zhuan, says, "Empress Zhao of Emperor Cheng was originally a palace woman of Chang'an. When she was newly born her parents did not raise her, but after three days she had not died, and so they took her up and reared her. When she was grown she was attached to the household of the Princess of Heyang and learned singing and dancing, and she was called Feiyan. The emperor, going out in secret, passed the princess's house, saw her, and was pleased with her. He called her into the palace, and she won great favor and was set up as empress. Ban Jieyu was a woman of Yanmen. At the beginning of Emperor Cheng's reign she was chosen and entered the palace, won great favor, and became a jieyu. When the emperor roamed the rear court he once wished to share his carriage with her, but the jieyu declined it. When Zhao Feiyan slandered Empress Xu and the jieyu, the jieyu's answer had both words and reasoning, and His Majesty pitied her and bestowed on her a hundred catties of gold. Feiyan was charming and jealous, and the jieyu, fearing that she would be endangered, asked midway to serve the empress dowager in the Changxin palace. When the emperor died, the jieyu filled a place tending the garden tomb. When she died, she was buried within the garden."

魏書曰：「武宣卞皇后，琅邪開陽人。以漢延熹三年生齊郡白亭，有黃氣滿室移日。父敬侯怪之，以問卜者王越。越曰：『此吉祥也。』年二十，太祖納於譙。性約儉，不尚華麗，有母儀德行。」

The Wei shu says, "Empress Bian Wuxuan was a woman of Kaiyang in Langye. She was born in the third year of Yanxi of the Han at Baiting in Qi commandery, and a yellow vapor filled the room for a whole day. Her father, the Marquis Jing, thought it strange and asked the diviner Wang Yue about it. Wang Yue said, 'This is an auspicious sign.' At the age of twenty she was taken into Taizu's house at Qiao. She was sparing and frugal by nature, did not prize splendor, and had the bearing of a mother and virtuous conduct."

列女傳曰：「趙姬者，桐鄉令東郡虞韙妻，潁川趙氏女也。才敏多覽。韙既沒，文皇帝敬其文才，詔入宮省。上欲自征公孫淵，姬上疏以諫。作列女傳解，號趙母注。賦數十萬言。赤烏六年卒。」淮南子曰：「人有嫁其女而教之者，曰：『爾為善，善人疾之。』對曰：『然則當為不善乎？』曰：『善尚不可為，而況不善乎？』」景獻羊皇后曰：「此言雖鄙，可以命世人。」

The Lie nü zhuan says, "Zhao Ji was the wife of Yu Wei of Dong commandery, magistrate of Tongxiang, and the daughter of the Zhao family of Yingchuan. She was quick in talent and had read widely. After Yu Wei died, Emperor Wen honored her skill in letters and by edict brought her into the palace offices. When His Majesty wished to campaign in person against Gongsun Yuan, Zhao Ji sent up a memorial to remonstrate. She composed the Lie nü zhuan jie, which is called the Zhao mu zhu. Her rhapsodies ran to some hundreds of thousands of words. She died in the sixth year of Chiwu." The Huainanzi says, "There was a man who, marrying off his daughter, taught her, saying, 'Do good, and the good are hated by others.' She answered, 'Then ought I to do what is not good?' He said, 'Even good you may not do; how much less what is not good?'" Empress Yang Jingxian said, "These words are coarse, yet they may be laid upon the men of the world."

魏略曰：「允字士宗，高陽人。少與清河崔贊，俱發名於冀州。仕至領軍將軍。」陳留志名曰：「阮共字伯彥，尉氏人。清真守道，動以禮讓。仕魏，至衛尉卿。少子侃，字德如，有俊才，而飭以名理。風儀雅潤，與嵇康為友。仕至河內太守。」

The Wei lüe says, "Xu Yun's courtesy name was Shizong; he was a man of Gaoyang. In his youth he made his name in Jizhou together with Cui Zan of Qinghe. He rose in office to Lingjun General." The Chenliu zhi ming says, "Ruan Gong's courtesy name was Boyan; he was a man of Weishi. He was pure and true and kept to the Way, and he moved by rite and yielding. He served Wei and rose to Chamberlain of the Guards. His younger son Kan's courtesy name was Deru; he had outstanding talent and adorned it with the study of names and principles. His air and bearing were elegant and mild, and he was a friend of Ji Kang. He rose in office to Governor of Henei."

魏略曰：「範字允明，沛郡人。仕至大司農，為宣王所誅。」

The Wei lüe says, "Huan Fan's courtesy name was Yunming; he was a man of Pei commandery. He rose in office to Grand Minister of Agriculture, and was put to death by King Xuan."

周禮：「九嬪掌婦學之法，以教九御。婦德、婦言、婦容、婦功。」鄭注曰：「德謂貞順，言謂辭令，容謂婉娩，功謂絲枲。」

The Zhou li says, "The nine consorts hold the rules of a wife's learning, and by them teach the nine attendants: a wife's virtue, a wife's speech, a wife's looks, a wife's work." Zheng Xuan's commentary says, "Virtue means being chaste and obedient; speech means the manner of words; looks means being graceful and gentle; work means silk and hemp."

魏氏春秋曰：「初，允為吏部，選遷郡守。明帝疑其所用非次，將加其罪。允妻阮氏跣出，謂曰：『明主可以理奪，不可以情求。』允頷之而入。帝怒詰之，允對曰：『某郡太守雖限滿，文書先至，年限在後，日限在前。』帝前取事視之，乃釋然。遣出，望其衣敗，曰：『清吏也。』」

The Wei shi chunqiu says, "At first Xu Yun was at the Bureau of Personnel and selected men to be promoted to commandery governorships. Emperor Ming suspected that those he used were out of turn, and was about to lay a punishment on him. Xu Yun's wife of the Ruan family came out barefoot and said to him, 'An enlightened ruler may be won by reason, but he cannot be sought from by feeling.' Xu Yun nodded to her and went in. The emperor was angry and pressed him, and Xu Yun answered, 'The Governor of such a commandery had indeed reached the limit of his term, but the documents came first: the limit by years came later, the limit by days came earlier.' The emperor took the papers before him and looked at them, and then was satisfied. As he sent him out, he looked at his worn clothes and said, 'An honest officer.'"

魏志曰：「初，領軍與夏侯玄、李豐親善，有詐作尺一詔書，以玄為大將軍，允為太尉，共錄尚書事。無何，有人天未明乘馬以詔版付允，門吏曰：『有詔。』因便驅走。允投書燒之，不以關呈景王。」魏略曰：「明年，李豐被收，允欲往見大將軍。已出門，允回遑不定，中道還取蔥。大將軍聞而怪之曰：『我自收李豐，士大夫何為悤悤乎？』會鎮北將軍劉靜卒，以允代靜。大將軍與允書曰：『鎮北雖少事，而都典一方。念足下震華鼓，建朱節，歷本州，此所謂著繡晝行也。』會有司奏允前擅以廚錢穀，乞諸俳及其官屬。減死徙邊，道死。」魏氏春秋曰：「允之為鎮北，喜謂其妻曰：『吾知免矣！』妻曰：『禍見於此，何免之有？』」晉諸公贊曰：「允有正情，與文帝不平，遂幽殺之。」婦人集載阮氏與允書，陳允禍患所起，辭甚酸愴，文多不錄。

The Wei zhi says, "At first the Lingjun General was close and friendly with Xiahou Xuan and Li Feng. Someone forged an edict a foot and an inch long making Xiahou Xuan Grand General and Xu Yun Grand Commandant, to manage the affairs of the Department of State Affairs together. Not long after, a man rode up on horseback before daybreak and handed the edict board to Xu Yun. The gatekeeper said, 'There is an edict,' and with that the man drove off and fled. Xu Yun threw the writing down and burned it, and did not report it to King Jing." The Wei lüe says, "The next year, when Li Feng was arrested, Xu Yun wished to go and see the Grand General. He had already gone out of the gate when he faltered and could not settle, and turned back halfway to fetch scallions. The Grand General heard of it and thought it strange, and said, 'I arrested Li Feng myself. Why are the gentlemen in such a flurry?' It happened that Liu Jing, General Who Guards the North, died, and Xu Yun was made to take Liu Jing's place. The Grand General sent Xu Yun a letter saying, 'Though the Guardian of the North has little to do, he governs a whole region. I think of you, sir, sounding the flowered drum and raising the vermilion tally, passing through your own province: this is what is called walking abroad by day in embroidery.' Just then the officer in charge reported that Xu Yun had earlier given away the kitchen's money and grain on his own authority, begging them out to various entertainers and to his own officials. His death was commuted and he was banished to the frontier, and he died on the road." The Wei shi chunqiu says, "When Xu Yun was made Guardian of the North he was glad, and said to his wife, 'I know I am out of danger.' His wife said, 'The disaster shows itself here. What escape is there?'" The Jin zhugong zan says, "Xu Yun had an upright feeling and was not at peace with Emperor Wen, who at last shut him up and killed him." The Furen ji records a letter from the Ruan wife to Xu Yun, setting out how Xu Yun's disaster and trouble arose; the words are very bitter and sorrowful, but the text is long and is not recorded here.

世語曰：「允二子：奇，字子太。猛，字子豹。並有治理。」晉諸公贊曰：「奇，泰始中為太常丞，世祖嘗祠廟，奇應行事，朝廷以奇受害之門，不令接近，出為長史。世祖下詔，述允宿望，又稱奇才，擢為尚書祠部郎。猛禮學儒博，加有才識，為幽州刺史。」

The Shi yu says, "Xu Yun had two sons: Qi, whose courtesy name was Zitai, and Meng, whose courtesy name was Zibao. Both had a gift for governing." The Jin zhugong zan says, "In the Taishi years Qi became Assistant of the Chamberlain for Ceremonials. Shizu once sacrificed at the ancestral temple, and Qi should have performed the service, but the court, holding that he was of a house that had suffered harm, would not let him come near, and sent him out as Senior Clerk. Shizu issued an edict setting out Xu Yun's long-standing repute, and praising Qi's talent as well, and raised him to be Gentleman of the Sacrifices Section of the Department of State Affairs. Meng's learning in the rites was scholarly and broad, and he had talent and knowledge besides, and he became Inspector of Youzhou."

魏氏春秋曰：「王廣字公淵，王淩子也。有風量才學，名重當世。與傅嘏等論才性同異，行於世。」魏志曰：「廣有志尚學行，淩誅，并死。」臣謂王廣名士，豈以妻父為戲，此言非也。

The Wei shi chunqiu says, "Wang Guang's courtesy name was Gongyuan; he was the son of Wang Ling. He had air and capacity, talent and learning, and his name weighed heavily in the world of that day. His discussion with Fu Gu and others on the sameness and difference of talent and nature circulated in the world." The Wei zhi says, "Guang had will and high aims, learning and conduct; when Wang Ling was put to death, he died along with him." Your servant holds that Wang Guang was a famous gentleman. How could he have made sport of his wife's father? These words are wrong.

世語曰：「經字彥偉，清河人。高貴鄉公之難，王沈、王業馳告文王，經以正直不出。因沈、業申意，後誅經及其母。」晉諸公贊曰：「沈、業將出，呼經，不從，曰：『吾子行矣！』」漢晉春秋曰：「初，曹髦將自討司馬昭，經諫曰：『昔魯昭不忍季氏，敗走失國，為天下笑。今權在其門久矣，朝廷四方，皆為之致死，不顧逆順之理，非一日也。且宿衛空闕，寸刃無有，陛下何所資用？而一旦如此，無乃欲除疾而更深之邪？』髦不聽。後殺經，并及其母。將死，垂泣謝母。母顏色不變，笑而謂曰：『人誰不死，往所以止汝者，恐不得其所也。以此并命，何恨之有？』」干寶晉紀曰：「經正直，不忠於我，故誅之。」按傅暢、干寶所記，則是經實忠貞於魏，而世語既謂其正直，復云因沈、業申意，何其相反乎？故二家之言深得之。

The Shi yu says, "Wang Jing's courtesy name was Yanwei; he was a man of Qinghe. In the trouble of the Duke of Gaogui District, Wang Shen and Wang Ye hurried off to inform King Wen, but Wang Jing was upright and straight and did not go out. Because Wang Shen and Wang Ye had made his mind known, Wang Jing and his mother were later put to death." The Jin zhugong zan says, "As Wang Shen and Wang Ye were about to go out they called Wang Jing, but he did not follow them, and said, 'Go yourselves, sirs.'" The Han Jin chunqiu says, "At first, when Cao Mao was about to punish Sima Zhao in person, Wang Jing remonstrated, saying, 'Of old Duke Zhao of Lu could not bear the Ji family, and he was beaten and fled and lost his state, and became the laughingstock of all under Heaven. Now power has been in that house a long time, and the court and the four quarters have all given their lives for him and have not looked back to the principle of what goes against and what goes with; and this is not the work of one day. Moreover the guard of the palace is empty and wanting, and there is not an inch of blade. What will Your Majesty draw upon and use? Yet in a single morning you would do this. Is it not to wish to remove a sickness and instead to make it deeper?' Cao Mao did not listen. Later he killed Wang Jing, and it reached his mother as well. When he was about to die, he shed tears and begged his mother's pardon. His mother's color did not change, and she said with a smile, 'Who among men does not die? What made me hold you back in days past was the fear that you would not get a fit place for it. To join our lives in this way, what regret is there in it?'" Gan Bao's Jin ji says, "Wang Jing was upright and straight and was not loyal to us, and therefore he was cut down." Looking into it, by what Fu Chang and Gan Bao set down Wang Jing was truly loyal and steadfast to Wei. Yet the Shi yu, having called him upright and straight, says again that he made his mind known through Wang Shen and Wang Ye. How do the two so contradict each other? Therefore the words of the two houses have the truth of it.

晉陽秋曰：「濤雅素恢達，度量弘遠，心存事外，而與時俛仰。嘗與阮籍、嵇康諸人箸忘言之契。至于群子，屯蹇於世，濤獨保浩然之度。」王隱晉書曰：「韓氏有才識，濤未仕時，戲之曰：『忍寒，我當作三公，不知卿堪為夫人不耳？』」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Shan Tao was elegant and plain, broad and penetrating, and his capacity was wide and far-reaching. His heart dwelt outside affairs, yet he bowed and looked up along with the times. He once held with Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and the rest an accord that forgets words. When it came to the other men of that company, they were caught fast and in straits in the world, but Shan Tao alone kept a vast and ample capacity." Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "The Han woman had talent and knowledge. When Shan Tao had not yet taken office he teased her, saying, 'Bear the cold. I shall become one of the Three Dukes, but whether you can bear to be my lady I do not know.'"

虞預晉書曰：「渾字玄沖，太原晉陽人，魏司徒昶子。仕至司徒。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Wang Hun's courtesy name was Xuanchong; he was a man of Jinyang in Taiyuan, the son of Wang Chang, Minister over the Masses of Wei. He rose in office to Minister over the Masses."

王氏譜曰：「鍾夫人名琰之，太傅繇之孫。」

The Wang shi pu says, "Lady Zhong's name was Yanzhi, and she was the granddaughter of Zhong Yao, the Grand Mentor."

婦人集曰：「充妻李氏，名婉字淑文。豐誅，徙樂浪。」

The Furen ji says, "Jia Chong's wife of the Li family was named Wan and her courtesy name was Shuwen. When Li Feng was put to death she was banished to Lelang."

賈氏譜曰：「郭氏名玉璜，即廣宣君也。」

The Jia shi pu says, "The Guo woman's name was Yuhuang; she is the Lady Guangxuan."

晉諸公贊曰：「世祖踐阼，李氏赦還，而齊獻王妃欲令充遣郭氏，更納其母。充不許，為李氏築宅，而不往來。充母柳氏將亡，充問所欲言者。柳曰：『我教汝迎李新婦尚不肯，安問他事！』」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "When Shizu came to the throne, the Li woman was pardoned and returned, and the consort of King Xian of Qi wished to have Jia Chong send the Guo woman away and take her own mother back. Jia Chong would not allow it, but built a house for the Li woman and did not go back and forth to it. When Jia Chong's mother of the Liu family was about to die, Jia Chong asked what she wished to say. The Liu woman said, 'I taught you to bring the Li bride home and you would not even do that. Why ask about other matters?'"

充別傳曰：「李氏有淑性令才也。」

The Chong biezhuan says, "The Li woman had a pure nature and fine talent."

按晉諸公贊曰：「世祖以李豐得罪晉室，又郭氏是太子妃母，無離絕之理，乃下詔勅斷，不得往還。」而王隱晉書亦云：「充既與李絕婚，更取城陽太守郭配女，名槐。李禁錮解，詔充置左右夫人。充母柳亦勅充迎李。槐怒，攘臂責充曰：『刊定律令，為佐命之功，我有其分。李那得與我並？』充乃架屋永年里中以安李。槐晚乃知。充出，輒使人尋充。詔許充置左右夫人。充答詔以謙讓不敢當盛禮。」晉贊既云世祖下詔不遣李還，而王隱晉書及充別傳並言詔聽置立左右夫人。充憚郭氏，不敢迎李。三家之說並不同，未詳孰是。然李氏不還，別有餘故，而世說云「自不肯還」，謬矣。且郭槐彊狠，豈能就李而為之拜乎？皆為虛也。

Looking into it, the Jin zhugong zan says, "Shizu held that Li Feng had offended against the house of Jin, and that the Guo woman was moreover the mother of the crown prince's consort, so that there was no ground for parting them. He therefore sent down an edict cutting it off, and they were not allowed to come and go." Yet Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Jia Chong, having broken off the marriage with Li, took instead the daughter of Guo Pei, Governor of Chengyang, named Huai. When the Li woman's ban was lifted, an edict had Jia Chong keep a wife of the left and a wife of the right. Jia Chong's mother of the Liu family also charged Jia Chong to bring Li home. Guo Huai was angry, and baring her arm she rebuked Jia Chong, saying, 'In the cutting and fixing of the statutes, in the merit of aiding the mandate, I have my share. How can Li stand level with me?' Jia Chong then put up a house in Yongnian ward to settle Li there, and Guo Huai learned of it only late. Whenever Jia Chong went out, she would send someone to look for him. By edict Jia Chong was permitted to keep a wife of the left and a wife of the right, but Jia Chong answered the edict with humble refusal, saying that he dared not take so great a rite upon himself." The Jin zan says that Shizu sent down an edict that Li should not be brought back, while Wang Yin's Jin shu and the Chong biezhuan both say that an edict allowed the setting up of a wife of the left and a wife of the right, and that Jia Chong, in dread of the Guo woman, dared not bring Li home. The words of the three houses do not agree, and which is right is not clear. But that the Li woman did not return had some other cause behind it, and when the Shi shuo says that "she would not return of herself," it is mistaken. Moreover Guo Huai was hard and fierce. How could she have gone to Li and bowed to her? It is all empty.

晉諸公贊曰：「李氏有才德，世稱『李夫人訓』者。生女合，亦才明，即齊王妃。」婦人集曰：「李氏至樂浪，遺二女典式八篇。」王隱晉書曰：「賈后字南風，為趙王所誅。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "The Li woman had talent and virtue, and the world speaks of her Li furen xun. The daughter she bore, Jia He, was talented and clear-sighted as well; she is the consort of the King of Qi." The Furen ji says, "When the Li woman reached Lelang she left her two daughters the Dian shi in eight chapters." Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Empress Jia's courtesy name was Nanfeng, and she was put to death by the King of Zhao."

郝氏譜曰：「普字道匡，太原襄城人。仕至洛陽太守。」

The Hao shi pu says, "Hao Pu's courtesy name was Daokuang; he was a man of Xiangcheng in Taiyuan. He rose in office to Governor of Luoyang."

魏氏志曰：「王昶字文舒，仕至司空。」

The Wei shi zhi says, "Wang Chang's courtesy name was Wenshu, and he rose in office to Minister of Works."

汝南別傳曰：「襄城郝仲將，門至孤陋，非其所偶也。君嘗見其女，便求聘焉。果高朗英邁，母儀冠族。其通識餘裕，皆此類。」

The Runan biezhuan says, "Hao Zhongjiang of Xiangcheng was of a house lonely and narrow, and no fit match for him. The gentleman once saw his daughter and at once sought her hand. She proved to be lofty and bright and outstanding, and as the model of a mother she was first in the clan. His penetrating knowledge and ample ease were all of this kind."

王氏譜曰：「夫人，黃門侍郎鍾琰女。」

The Wang shi pu says, "The lady was the daughter of Zhong Yan, Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate."

婦人集曰：「夫人有文才，其詩賦頌誄行於世。」

The Furen ji says, "The lady had talent in letters, and her poems, rhapsodies, eulogies and dirges circulated in the world."

李重已見。永嘉流人名曰：「康字玄冑，江夏人，魏秦州刺史。」

Li Zhong has already appeared. The Yongjia liuren ming says, "Li Kang's courtesy name was Xuanzhou; he was a man of Jiangxia, Inspector of Qinzhou under Wei."

晉諸公贊曰：「孫秀字俊忠，琅邪人。初，趙王倫封琅邪，秀給為近職小吏。倫數使秀作書疏，文才稱倫意。倫封趙，秀徙戶為趙人，用為侍郎，信任之。」晉陽秋曰：「倫篡位，秀為中書令，事皆決於秀。為齊王所誅。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Sun Xiu's courtesy name was Junzhong; he was a man of Langye. At first, when Sima Lun, King of Zhao, was enfeoffed in Langye, Sun Xiu was attached to him as a petty clerk in a post close at hand. Sima Lun often had Sun Xiu draft documents, and his skill in letters suited Sima Lun's mind. When Sima Lun was enfeoffed in Zhao, Sun Xiu moved his registry and became a man of Zhao, and was employed as a Gentleman Attendant and trusted and given charge." The Jin yangqiu says, "When Sima Lun seized the throne, Sun Xiu became Director of the Secretariat, and every affair was settled by Sun Xiu. He was put to death by the King of Qi."

按諸書皆云：「重知趙王倫作亂，有疾不治，遂以致卒。」而此書乃言自裁，甚乖謬。且倫、秀兇虐，動加誅夷，欲立威權，自當顯戮，何為逼令自裁？

Looking into it, the several books all say, "Li Zhong knew that Sima Lun, King of Zhao, would raise a revolt, and though he was ill he did not treat it, and so came to his death." Yet this book says that he took his own life, which is much awry and wrong. Moreover Sima Lun and Sun Xiu were fierce and cruel and cut men down and destroyed them at every turn. Had they wished to set up authority and power, they would surely have killed him openly. Why would they have pressed him to take his own life?

八王故事曰：「浚字開林，汝南安城人。少有才名。太康初，平吳，自御史中丞出為揚州刺史。元康初，加安東將軍。」

The Bawang gushi says, "Zhou Jun's courtesy name was Kailin; he was a man of Ancheng in Runan. In his youth he had talent and a name. At the beginning of Taikang, when Wu was pacified, he went out from Palace Aide to the Censor-in-Chief to be Inspector of Yangzhou. At the beginning of Yuankang he was given in addition the title of General Stabilizing the East."

按周氏譜：「浚取同郡李伯宗女。」此云為妾，妄耳。

Looking into the Zhou shi pu, "Zhou Jun took to wife the daughter of Li Bozong of the same commandery." To say here that she became a concubine is careless, that is all.

逵未詳。

Fan Kui is not known in detail.

一作髢。

For bi (髲) one text reads ti (髢).

晉陽秋曰：「侃父丹，娶新淦湛氏女，生侃。湛虔恭有智算，以陶氏貧賤，紡績以資給侃，使交結勝己。侃少為尋陽吏，鄱陽孝廉范逵嘗過侃宿，時大雪，侃家無草，湛徹所臥薦剉給。陰截髮，賣以供調。逵聞之歎息。逵去，侃追送之。逵曰：『豈欲仕乎？』侃曰：『有仕郡意。』逵曰：『當相談致。』過廬江，向太守張夔稱之。召補吏，舉孝廉，除郎中。時豫章顧榮或責羊晫曰：『君奈何與小人同輿？』晫曰：『此寒俊也。』」王隱晉書曰：「侃母既截髮供客，聞者歎曰：『非此母不生此子』乃進之於張夔。羊晫亦簡之。後晫為十郡中正，舉侃為鄱陽小中正，始得上品也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Tao Kan's father Tao Dan married a daughter of the Zhan family of Xingan, who bore Tao Kan. The Zhan woman was reverent and respectful and had wisdom and calculation. Since the Tao family was poor and low, she spun and wove to provide for Tao Kan and had him make friends with men better than himself. In his youth Tao Kan was a clerk of Xunyang, and Fan Kui of Poyang, who had been raised as Filial and Incorrupt, once came by Tao Kan's house to lodge. At that time snow fell heavily and there was no fodder in Tao Kan's house, so the Zhan woman took up the mat she slept on and chopped it to supply them. In secret she cut off her hair and sold it to furnish the provisions. When Fan Kui heard of it he sighed. As Fan Kui was leaving, Tao Kan followed to see him off. Fan Kui said, 'Do you wish to take office?' Tao Kan said, 'I have a mind to serve in the commandery.' Fan Kui said, 'I shall speak of you and bring it about.' Passing through Lujiang, he spoke of him to the Governor Zhang Kui. Tao Kan was called and appointed a clerk, was raised as Filial and Incorrupt, and was made a Gentleman of the Interior. At this time Gu Rong of Yuzhang once rebuked Yang Zhuo, saying, 'How can you ride in the same carriage with a small man?' Yang Zhuo said, 'This is an outstanding man from a poor house.'" Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "When Tao Kan's mother had cut off her hair to provide for the guest, those who heard of it sighed and said, 'Without such a mother this son would not have been born,' and so they brought him forward to Zhang Kui. Yang Zhuo also chose him out. Later, when Yang Zhuo was Rectifier of the ten commanderies, he raised Tao Kan to be Lesser Rectifier of Poyang, and so he first obtained the upper grade."

侃別傳曰：「母湛氏，賢明有法訓。侃在武昌，與佐吏從容飲燕，常有飲限。或勸猶可少進，侃悽然良久曰：『昔年少，曾有酒失，二親見約，故不敢踰限。』及侃丁母憂，在墓下，忽有二客來弔，不哭而退，儀服鮮異，知非常人。遣隨視之，但見雙鶴沖天而去。」幽明錄曰：「陶公在尋陽西南一塞取魚，自謂其池曰鶴門。」按吳司徒孟宗為雷池監，以魚差餉母，母不受。非侃也。疑後人因孟假為此說。

The Kan biezhuan says, "His mother of the Zhan family was worthy and clear-sighted and had rule and instruction in her. When Tao Kan was at Wuchang and drank and feasted quietly with his aides and clerks, he always had a limit to his drinking. Someone urged that he might still go a little further, and Tao Kan was sad for a long while and then said, 'In my young days I once went wrong with wine, and my two parents laid a promise on me, and so I dare not go past the limit.' When Tao Kan was in mourning for his mother and was staying below the grave, two guests suddenly came to condole. They did not wail but withdrew, and their bearing and dress were fresh and uncommon, so that he knew they were no ordinary men. He sent a man to follow and look at them, and all that was seen was two cranes soaring up to the sky and going off." The Youming lu says, "Lord Tao caught fish at a weir southwest of Xunyang, and himself called that pool the Crane Gate." Looking into it, Meng Zong, Minister over the Masses of Wu, was overseer of Leichi, and picked out fish and sent them to his mother, and his mother would not take them. It was not Tao Kan. Probably men of later days took Meng Zong and borrowed him to make this tale.

續晉陽秋曰：「溫尚明帝女南康長公主。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Huan Wen married Emperor Ming's daughter, the Senior Princess of Nankang."

妒記曰：「溫平蜀，以李勢女為妾，郡主兇妒，不即知之。後知，乃拔刃往李所，因欲斫之。見李在窗梳頭，姿貌端麗，徐徐結髮，斂手向主，神色閑正，辭甚悽惋。主於是擲刀前抱之曰：『阿子，我見汝亦憐，何況老奴。』遂善之。」

The Du ji says, "When Huan Wen pacified Shu he took Li Shi's daughter as his concubine. The commandery princess was fierce and jealous, and did not know of it at once. Later she learned of it, and drew a blade and went to where the Li woman was, meaning to cut her down. She saw the Li woman combing her hair by the window, her bearing and face upright and lovely. Slowly she bound up her hair, drew in her hands, and turned toward the mistress; her spirit and color were at ease and upright, and her words were very sad and grieving. At this the mistress threw down the blade and went forward and embraced her, saying, 'Child, even I pity you when I see you; how much more that old slave.' And in the end she thought well of her."

希已見。玉臺，庾友小字。庾氏譜曰：「友字惠彥，司空冰第三子。歷中書郎、東陽太守。」

Yu Xi has already appeared. Yutai was Yu You's childhood name. The Yu shi pu says, "Yu You's courtesy name was Huiyan; he was the third son of Yu Bing, Minister of Works. He served as Gentleman of the Secretariat and Governor of Dongyang."

庾氏譜曰：「友字弘之，長子宣，娶宣武弟桓豁之女，字女幼。」

The Yu shi pu says, "Yu You's courtesy name was Hongzhi, and his eldest son Yu Xuan married the daughter of Huan Huo, Xuanwu's younger brother, whose courtesy name was Nüyou."

中興書曰：「桓溫殺庾希弟倩，希聞難而逃，希弟友當伏誅。子婦桓氏女，請溫，得宥。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "When Huan Wen killed Yu Qian, Yu Xi's younger brother, Yu Xi heard of the trouble and fled, and Yu Xi's younger brother Yu You was to be put to death. His son's wife, a daughter of the Huan family, pleaded with Huan Wen, and he was pardoned."

劉夫人已見。

Lady Liu has already appeared.

桓氏譜曰：「沖娶琅耶王恬女，字女宗。」

The Huan shi pu says, "Huan Chong married the daughter of Wang Tian of Langye, whose courtesy name was Nüzong."

司空愔已見。郗曇別傳曰：「曇字重熙，鑒少子。性韻方質，和正沈簡。累遷丹陽尹、北中郎將、徐、兗二州刺史。」

Chi Yin, the Minister of Works, has already appeared. The Chi Tan biezhuan says, "Chi Tan's courtesy name was Chongxi; he was Chi Jian's younger son. His nature and tone were square and plain, and he was mild, upright, deep and simple. Through a succession of posts he rose to Governor of Danyang, General of the Gentlemen of the Interior of the North, and Inspector of the two provinces of Xuzhou and Yanzhou."

二謝：安、萬。

The two Xies were Xie An and Xie Wan.

封胡，謝韶小字。遏末，謝淵小字。韶字穆度，萬子，車騎司馬。淵字叔度，奕第二子，義興太守。時人稱其尤彥秀者。或曰封、胡、遏、末。封謂朗，遏謂玄，末謂韶，朗玄淵，一作胡謂淵，遏謂玄，末謂韶也。

Fenghu was Xie Shao's childhood name, and Emo was Xie Yuan's childhood name. Xie Shao's courtesy name was Mudu, the son of Xie Wan, and Major to the General of Chariots and Cavalry. Xie Yuan's courtesy name was Shudu, the second son of Xie Yi, and Governor of Yixing. The men of that time were naming those among them who were the most outstanding and excellent. Some say Feng, Hu, E and Mo, where Feng means Xie Lang, E means Xie Xuan, and Mo means Xie Shao; that is, Lang, Xuan and Yuan. One text says that Hu means Xie Yuan, E means Xie Xuan, and Mo means Xie Shao.

鞠，卞範之。母之外孫也。

Ju is Bian Fanzhi. He was the son of the mother's daughter.

夫人，玄之妹。

The lady was Xie Xuan's younger sister.

郗氏譜曰：「超娶汝南周閔女，名馬頭。」

The Chi shi pu says, "Chi Chao married the daughter of Zhou Min of Runan, whose name was Matou."

毛詩曰：「穀則異室，死則同穴。」鄭玄注曰：「穴謂壙中墟也。」

The Mao shi says, "In life we dwell in different rooms; in death we share one pit." Zheng Xuan's commentary says, "Xue (穴) means the hollow within the grave."

宋書曰：「惠字令明，瑯邪人。歷吏部尚書，贈太常卿。」

The Song shu says, "Wang Hui's courtesy name was Lingming; he was a man of Langye. He served as Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel, and was granted after death the title of Chamberlain for Ceremonials."

婦人集載謝表曰：「妾年九十，孤骸獨存，願蒙哀矜，賜其鞠養。」

A memorial of thanks recorded in the Furen ji says, "Your handmaid is ninety years old, and only these lonely bones are left. I beg to receive your pity, and that you grant her keep and care."

韓氏譜曰：「繪之字季倫。父康伯，太常卿。繪之仕至衡陽太守。」

The Han shi pu says, "Han Huizhi's courtesy name was Jilun. His father Han Kangbo was Chamberlain for Ceremonials. Huizhi rose in office to Governor of Hengyang."

續晉陽秋曰：「桓亮字景真，大司馬溫之孫。父濟，給事中。叔父玄，篡逆見誅。亮聚眾於長沙，自號湘州刺史。殺太宰甄恭、衡陽前太守韓繪之等十餘人。為劉毅軍人郭珍斬之。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Huan Liang's courtesy name was Jingzhen; he was the grandson of Huan Wen, the Grand Marshal. His father Huan Ji was a Palace Attendant. His uncle Huan Xuan seized the throne in revolt and was put to death. Huan Liang gathered a host at Changsha and called himself Inspector of Xiangzhou. He killed Zhen Gong the Grand Steward, Han Huizhi the former Governor of Hengyang, and more than ten others. He was cut down by Guo Zhen, a soldier of Liu Yi."