Taunting and Teasing世説新語 排調第二十五

瑾已見。

Zhuge Jin has already appeared.

江表傳曰：「恪字元遜，瑾長子也。少有才名，發藻岐嶷，辯論應機，莫與為對。孫權見而奇之，謂瑾曰：『藍田生玉，真不虛也！』仕吳至太傅。為孫峻所害。」

The Jiangbiao zhuan says, "Ke's style was Yuanxun, and he was the eldest son of Jin. While still young he had a name for talent. His writing was lofty, and in argument he met whatever came, so that no one could stand against him. Sun Quan saw him and thought him remarkable, and said to Jin, 'That jade is born at Lantian is no empty saying.' He served Wu and rose to grand tutor. He was killed by Sun Jun."

環濟吳紀曰：「張昭字子布，忠正有才義，仕吳，為輔吳將軍。」

The Wu ji of Huan Ji says, "Zhang Zhao's style was Zibu. He was loyal and upright and had talent and a sense of right, and he served Wu as the general who supported Wu."

二陳，騫與泰也。會父名繇，故以「遙遙」戲之。騫父矯，宣帝諱懿，泰父群，祖父寔，故以此酬之。

The two Chens were Chen Qian and Chen Tai. Zhong Hui's father was named Yao (繇), and so the emperor teased him with the words "far and far off" (遙遙). Chen Qian's father was Jiao (矯), the taboo name of Emperor Xuan was Yi (懿), Chen Tai's father was Qun (群) and his grandfather was Chen Shi (寔), and so Zhong Hui paid him back with these.

魏志曰：「武周字伯南，沛國竹邑人。仕至光祿大夫。」

The Wei zhi says, "Wu Zhou's style was Bonan, and he was a man of Zhuyi in the state of Pei. He served and rose to grand master of the palace."

孔安國注論語曰：「忠信為周，阿黨為比。黨，助也。君子雖眾，不相私助。」

Kong Anguo, annotating the Lunyu, says, "To be loyal and true is to be broad; to fawn and form a faction is to be partial. Dang means to help. Though the gentleman has many about him, they do not help one another for private ends."

魏氏春秋曰：「時謂王戎未能超俗也。」

The Weishi chunqiu says, "At that time it was said that Wang Rong had not yet risen above the vulgar."

吳錄曰：「皓字元宗，一名彭祖，大皇帝孫也。景帝崩，皓嗣位，為晉所滅，封歸命侯。」

The Wu lu says, "Hao's style was Yuanzong, and another name of his was Pengzu. He was a grandson of the Great Emperor. When Emperor Jing died, Hao succeeded to the throne. He was destroyed by Jin and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guiming."

逸士傳曰：「許由為堯所讓，其友巢父責之。由乃過清泠水洗耳拭目，曰：『向聞貪言，負吾之友。』」

The Yishi zhuan says, "When Yao would have yielded the throne to Xu You, his friend Chao Fu reproached him. Xu You then went to the clear cold water, washed his ears and wiped his eyes, and said, 'A while ago I listened to greedy words, and I have failed my friend.'"

子羽未詳。

Ziyu is not known in detail.

溫顒已見。荀氏譜曰：「宇字景伯，祖式，太尉。父保，御史中丞。」世語曰：「宇少與裴楷、王戎、杜默俱有名，仕晉，至尚書。」

Wen Yong has already appeared. The Xun shi pu says, "Yu's style was Jingbo. His grandfather Shi was Grand Commandant, and his father Bao was palace aide to the censor in chief." The Shiyu says, "While young, Yu had a name along with Pei Kai, Wang Rong and Du Mo. He served Jin and rose to secretariat officer."

晉百官名曰：「劉許字文生，涿鹿鄀人。父放，魏驃騎將軍。許，惠帝時為宗正卿。」按許與張華同范陽人，故曰士卿，互其辭也。宗正卿，或曰士卿。

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Liu Xu's style was Wensheng, and he was a man of Ruo in Zhuolu. His father Fang was general of chariots and cavalry in Wei. Xu was chamberlain of the imperial clan in the time of Emperor Hui." Note that Xu, like Zhang Hua, was a man of Fanyang, and so he is called shiqing, the words being exchanged between them. The chamberlain of the imperial clan is sometimes called shiqing.

晉諸公贊曰：「湛字潤甫，新野人。以文義達，仕至侍中。詡字思淵，滎陽開封人，為衛尉卿。祖泰，揚州刺史。父褒，司空。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Zhan's style was Runfu, and he was a man of Xinye. He rose through the meaning of letters and served as far as palace attendant. Xu's style was Siyuan, and he was a man of Kaifeng in Xingyang; he became chamberlain for the palace garrison. His grandfather Tai was Inspector of Yangzhou, and his father Bao was minister of works."

文士傳曰：「華為人少威儀，多姿態。」推意此語，則此六句，還以目上六人，而口如含膠飴，則指鄒湛。湛辯麗英博，而有此稱。未詳。

The Wenshi zhuan says, "Hua was a man of little dignity of bearing and made much of his airs." If one follows out the meaning of this, then these six phrases point back to the six men above, and the mouth that seems to hold glued syrup points to Zou Zhan. Zhan was elegant and brilliant and wide in argument, and yet this is said of him. It is not known in detail.

張敏《集》載頭責子羽文曰：「余友有秦生者，雖有姊夫之尊，少而狎焉。同時好暱，有太原溫長仁顒、潁川荀景伯宇、范陽張茂先華、士卿劉文生許、南陽鄒潤甫湛、河南鄭思淵詡。數年之中，繼踵登朝，而此賢身處陋巷，屢沽而無善價，亢志自若，終不衰墮，為之慨然。又怪諸賢既已在位，曾無伐木嚶鳴之聲，甚違王貢彈冠之義，故因秦生容貌之盛，為頭責之文以戲之，并以嘲六子焉。雖似諧謔，實有興也。其文曰：『維泰始元年，頭責子羽曰：「吾託子為頭，萬有餘日矣。大塊稟我以精，造我以形。我為子植髮膚、置鼻耳、安眉須、插牙齒、眸子摛光，雙顴隆起。每至出入之間，遨遊市里，行者辟易，坐者竦跽。或稱君侯，或言將軍，捧手傾側，佇立崎嶇。如此者，故我形之足偉也。子冠冕不戴，金銀不佩，釵以當笄，帢以代幗，旨味弗嘗，食粟茹菜，隈摧園閒，糞壤汗黑，歲莫年過，曾不自悔。子厭我於形容，我賤子乎意態。若此者乎，必子行己之累也。子遇我如讎，我視子如仇，居常不樂，兩者俱憂，何其鄙哉！子欲為人寶也，則當如皋陶、后稷、巫咸、伊陟，保乂王家，永見封殖。子欲為名高也，則當如許由、子威、卞隨、務光，洗耳逃祿，千歲流芳。子欲為遊說也，則當如陳軫、蒯通、陸生、鄧公，轉禍為福，令辭從容。子欲為進趣也，則當如賈生之求試，終軍之請使。砥礪鋒穎，以榦王事。子欲為恬淡也，則當如老聃之守一，莊周之自逸。廓然離欲，志陵雲日。子欲為隱遁也，則當如榮期之帶索，漁父之瀺灂，棲遲神丘，垂餌巨壑。此一介之所以顯身成名者也。今子上不希道德，中不效儒墨，塊然窮賤，守此愚惑。察子之情，觀子之志，退不為於處士，進無望於三事，而徒翫日勞形，習為常人之所喜，不亦過乎！」於是子羽愀然深念而對曰：「凡所教敕，謹聞命矣。以受性拘係，不聞禮義，設以天幸，為子所寄。今欲使吾為忠也，即當如伍胥屈平。欲使吾為信也，則當殺身以成名。欲使吾為介節邪，則當赴水火以全貞。此四者，人之所忌，故吾不敢造意。」頭曰：「子所謂天刑地網，剛德之尤，不登山抱木，則褰裳赴流。吾欲告爾以養性，誨爾以優游，而以蟣蝨同情，不聽我謀，悲哉！俱寓人體，而獨為子頭！且擬人其倫，喻子儕偶。子不如太原溫顒、潁川荀宇、范陽張華、士卿劉許、南陽鄒湛、河南鄭詡。此數子者，或謇喫無宮商，或尪陋希言語，或淹伊多姿態，或讙譁少智諝，或口如含膠飴，或頭如巾兗杵，而猶文采可觀，意思詳序，攀龍附鳳，並登天府。夫舐痔得車，沈淵得珠，豈若夫子徒令脣舌腐爛，手足沾濡哉？居有事之世，而恥為權圖，譬猶鑿池抱甕，難以求富。嗟乎子羽！何異檻中之熊，深阱之虎，石間饑蟹，竇中之鼠。事力雖勤，見功甚苦。宜其拳局翦蹙，至老無所希也。支離其形，猶能不困，非命也夫！豈與夫子同處也。」』」

The piece "The head rebukes Ziyu," carried in the Collection of Zhang Min, says, "Among my friends there was one Qin. Though he had the dignity of being my elder sister's husband, I was on easy terms with him from boyhood. Those he liked and kept close at that time were Wen Zhangren Yong of Taiyuan, Xun Jingbo Yu of Yingchuan, Zhang Maoxian Hua of Fanyang, Liu Wensheng Xu the shiqing, Zou Runfu Zhan of Nanyang, and Zheng Siyuan Xu of Henan. Within a few years they climbed to court one on the heels of another, while this worthy man lived in a narrow lane, and though he offered himself again and again there was no good price for him. Yet he held his purpose high and was at ease, and to the end he neither sank nor fell, and I was moved for him. I thought it strange too that these worthies, once they were in office, never made the sound of the felling of trees and the calling of birds, and so went far against the righteousness of Wang Ji and Gong Yu, who dusted their caps for each other. So, taking occasion from the fine looks of Qin, I wrote a piece in which his head rebukes him, to tease him and at the same time to mock the six men. Though it looks like a jest, there is truly something that stirred it. The piece says, 'In the first year of Taishi the head rebuked Ziyu and said, "I have been lodged in you as your head for more than ten thousand days. The great clod gave me its essence and made me into form. For you I planted hair and skin, set nose and ears, fixed eyebrows and beard, and put in teeth; your pupils spread their light and your two cheekbones rose high. Whenever you went out and came in and wandered through the markets and the wards, those walking stepped aside and those sitting knelt in awe. Some called you a marquis, some called you a general; they held out their hands and bowed their bodies and stood waiting on the rough ground. That it was so is because my form is grand enough for it. Yet you wear neither cap nor crown and hang on you neither gold nor silver; you use a hairpin for a pin and a kerchief in place of a headdress; you never taste rich flavors but eat millet and greens; you huddle and lean in the garden, soiled and blackened with dung and earth; and the year draws to its close and your age goes by, and you have never once repented. You dislike me for my looks, and I hold you cheap for your bearing. Since it is so, it must be the fault of your own conduct. You meet me as an enemy and I look on you as a foe; we are never at ease, and both of us are troubled. How mean it is! If you wish to be a treasure among men, then you should be like Gao Yao, Houji, Wu Xian and Yi Zhi, who guarded and ordered the royal house and were enfeoffed and planted forever. If you wish to make your name high, then you should be like Xu You, Ziwei, Bian Sui and Wu Guang, who washed their ears and fled from office and left their fragrance for a thousand years. If you wish to go about persuading, then you should be like Chen Zhen, Kuai Tong, Master Lu and Lord Deng, who turned disaster into blessing and made their words flow easily. If you wish to press forward, then you should be like Master Jia, who asked to be put to the test, and Zhong Jun, who asked to be sent as envoy, whetting your edge to manage the king's business. If you wish to be calm and plain, then you should be like Lao Dan, who kept to the one, and Zhuang Zhou, who took his own ease, empty and free of desire, with a purpose that rose above the clouds and the sun. If you wish to hide and withdraw, then you should be like Rong Qiqi with his rope belt and the fisherman sinking in the water, who roosted on the holy hill and let down bait into the great valley. These are the ways by which a single man shows himself and makes a name. Now you do not look up to the Way and to virtue above, nor take the Confucians and Mohists for your model in the middle; you sit alone, poor and humble, holding to this foolishness and confusion. When I look at your feelings and see your purpose, in withdrawing you do not become a gentleman in retirement, and in coming forward you have no hope of the three high offices; and all you do is trifle away the days and weary your body, practicing what common men delight in. Is this not going too far?" At this Ziyu grew troubled and thought deeply, and answered, "All that you have taught and warned me of I have respectfully received as a command. But the nature I received is bound and hemmed in, and I have not heard of rites and righteousness; and by the good fortune of heaven I have become the thing you are lodged in. Now if you would have me be loyal, then I must be like Wu Zixu and Qu Ping. If you would have me be true, then I must kill myself to make my name. If you would have me keep a strict integrity, then I must go into water and fire to keep my purity whole. These four are what men shrink from, and so I dare not set my mind on them." The head said, "What you call the punishment of heaven and the net of earth is the excess of a hard virtue; if a man does not climb the mountain and clasp the tree, then he lifts his skirts and goes into the stream. I would tell you of nourishing your nature and teach you to take your ease, and you feel as the nits and lice feel and will not listen to my counsel. How sad! We are lodged together in one man's body, and I alone have become your head. Let me set men beside their like and compare you with your fellows. You are not the equal of Wen Yong of Taiyuan, Xun Yu of Yingchuan, Zhang Hua of Fanyang, Liu Xu the shiqing, Zou Zhan of Nanyang, and Zheng Xu of Henan. Of these several men, one stammers and has no music in his voice, one is thin and ugly and rarely speaks, one drawls and makes much of his airs, one is noisy and has little wit, one has a mouth as if it held glued syrup, and one has a head like a pestle for pounding greens in a cloth. And yet the patterns of their writing are worth looking at and their thoughts are ordered and clear, and they have clung to the dragon and clasped the phoenix and have all climbed to the storehouse of heaven. Men lick piles and get carriages, and sink into the deep and get pearls; how should they be like you, sir, who only let your lips and tongue rot away and your hands and feet be soaked? You live in an age of affairs and are ashamed to plan for power; you are like a man who digs a pond while holding a jar, and it is hard to look for riches that way. Alas, Ziyu! How do you differ from a bear in a cage, a tiger in a deep pit, a starving crab among the stones, a rat in a hole? Though your work and strength are diligent, the fruit you see is very bitter. Well may you be cramped and shrunken, with nothing to hope for to the end of your days. The man who scattered his own form could still escape hardship; was that not fate? How should he dwell together with you, sir?"'"

王氏家譜曰：「倫字太沖，司空穆侯中子，司徒渾弟也。醇粹簡遠，貴老、莊之學，用心淡如也。為老子例略、周紀。年二十餘，舉孝廉，不行。歷大將軍參軍。年二十五卒，大將軍為之流涕。」

The Wang shi jiapu says, "Lun's style was Taichong. He was the middle son of Mu, the marquis and minister of works, and the younger brother of Hun, the Minister over the Masses. He was pure and simple and far reaching, he honored the learning of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and his mind was calm. He wrote the Laozi lilue and the Zhou ji. At a little over twenty he was recommended as filial and incorrupt, but he did not take office. He served as adjutant to the general in chief. He died at twenty five, and the general in chief shed tears for him."

晉百官名曰：「荀隱字鳴鶴，潁川人。」荀氏家傳曰：「隱祖昕，樂安太守。父岳，中書郎。隱與陸雲在張華坐語，互相反覆，陸連受屈，隱辭皆美麗，張公稱善云。世有此書，尋之未得。歷太子舍人，延尉平，蚤卒。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Xun Yin's style was Minghe, and he was a man of Yingchuan." The Xun shi jiazhuan says, "Yin's grandfather Xin was Governor of Le'an, and his father Yue was a gentleman of the secretariat. Yin talked with Lu Yun at Zhang Hua's seat, and as they answered back and forth Lu Yun was worsted again and again, while Yin's words were all beautiful, and Lord Zhang praised them. It is said that this book is in the world, but I have sought it and not found it. He served as retainer to the crown prince and as judge of the court of judicial review, and died young."

陸玩已見。

Lu Wan has already appeared.

殷羡已見。

Yin Xian has already appeared.

諸葛恢。

Zhuge Hui.

吳人以冷為渹。

Men of Wu call cold qing (渹).

語林曰：「真長云：『丞相何奇？止能作吳語及細唾也。』」

The Yulin says, "Zhenchang said, 'What is remarkable about the chancellor? He can only speak the Wu tongue and spit small spittle.'"

以戲周之無能。

He was teasing Zhou for his lack of ability.

謂顗好媟瀆故。

This is said because Zhou Yi was fond of loose and coarse ways.

蔡邕曰：「瓜葛，疏親也。」

Cai Yong said, "A melon vine (瓜葛) means distant kin."

以戲王也。

By this he teased Wang.

中興書曰：「寶字令升，新蔡人。祖正，吳奮武將軍。父瑩，丹陽丞。寶少以博學才器著稱，歷散騎常侍。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Bao's style was Lingsheng, and he was a man of Xincai. His grandfather Zheng was the general who roused valor in Wu, and his father Ying was aide of Danyang. While young, Bao was known for wide learning and for talent and capacity, and he served as cavalier attendant in ordinary."

孔氏志怪曰：「寶父有嬖人，寶母至妒，葬寶父時，因推著藏中。經十年而母喪，開墓，其婢伏棺上，就視猶煖，漸有氣息。輿還家，終日而蘇。說寶父常致飲食，與之接寢，恩情如生。家中吉凶，輒語之，校之悉驗。平復數年後方卒。寶因作搜神記，中云『有所感起』是也。」

The Kongshi zhiguai says, "Bao's father had a woman he favored, and Bao's mother was extremely jealous; when Bao's father was buried she pushed the woman into the tomb. Ten years passed, and when the mother died and the tomb was opened, the maidservant was lying face down on the coffin. When they came close and looked she was still warm, and little by little she had breath. They carried her home, and after a whole day she revived. She said that Bao's father had always brought her drink and food and had shared her bed, and that his kindness and love were as when he was alive. Whenever there was good or ill fortune in the house he would tell her of it, and when this was tested it all proved true. She lived some years after her recovery and then died. It was because of this that Bao wrote the Soushen ji, and where it says in it, 'there was something that stirred it,' this is what is meant."

春秋傳曰：「趙穿攻晉靈公於桃園，趙宣子未出境而復。太史書：『趙盾弒其君。』宣子曰：『不然。』對曰：『子為正卿，亡不越境，反不討賊，非子而誰？』孔子曰：『董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。趙盾，古之賢大夫也，為法受惡。』」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Zhao Chuan attacked Duke Ling of Jin in the Peach Garden, and Zhao Xuanzi turned back before he had crossed the border. The grand scribe wrote, 'Zhao Dun murdered his ruler.' Xuanzi said, 'It was not so.' He answered, 'You are the chief minister. You fled but did not cross the border, and you came back but did not punish the rebel. If it was not you, then who?' Confucius said, 'Dong Hu was a good scribe of old, and his rule of writing hid nothing. Zhao Dun was a worthy grandee of old, and for the sake of the rule he took an ill name upon himself.'"

許琛已見。

Xu Chen has already appeared.

管輅別傳曰：「鼻者天中之山。」相書曰：「鼻之所在為天中，鼻有山象，故曰山。」

The Guan Lu biezhuan says, "The nose is the mountain in the middle of heaven." The Xiangshu says, "Where the nose is, that is the middle of heaven; the nose has the look of a mountain, and so it is called a mountain."

充崇釋氏，甚加敬也。

Chong honored the teaching of Sakya and paid it great reverence.

尹子曰：「天地四方曰宇，往古來今曰宙。」

The Yinzi says, "Heaven and earth and the four directions are called yu (宇); the past that is gone and the present that comes are called zhou (宙)."

終古，往古也。楚辭曰：「吾不能忍此終古也。」

Zhonggu (終古) means the far past. The Chuci says, "I cannot bear this long past."

思曠，裕也。

Sikuang is Ruan Yu.

晉陽秋曰：「翼率眾入沔，將謀伐狄。既至襄陽，狄尚彊，未可決戰。會康帝崩，兄冰薨，留長子方之守襄陽，自馳還夏。」

The Jinyang qiu says, "Yi led his host into the Mian and meant to plan an attack on the Di. When he reached Xiangyang the Di were still strong and there could be no decisive battle. Just then Emperor Kang died and his elder brother Bing died, so he left his eldest son Fangzhi to hold Xiangyang and himself hurried back to Xiakou."

豫章，殷羡。

Yuzhang is Yin Xian.

語林曰：「宣武征還，劉尹數十里迎之，桓都不語，直云：『垂長衣，談清言，竟是誰功？』劉答曰：『晉德靈長，功豈在爾？』」二人說小異，故詳載之。

The Yulin says, "When Xuanwu came back from a campaign, Liu the intendant went out several tens of li to meet him. Huan did not speak at all, and then said straight out, 'Trailing long robes and talking pure talk. Whose merit is it in the end?' Liu answered, 'The virtue of Jin is holy and long. How should the merit lie with you?'" The two accounts differ a little, and so it is set down in full.

漢書曰：「李陵降匈奴，武帝甚怒。太史令司馬遷盛明陵之忠，帝以遷為陵遊說，下遷腐刑。乃述唐、虞以來，至于獲麟，為史記。遷與任安書曰：『李陵既生降，僕又茸之以蠶室。』」蘇林注曰：「腐刑者，作密室蓄火，時如蠶室。舊時平陰有蠶室獄。」

The Han shu says, "When Li Ling surrendered to the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu was very angry. The grand scribe Sima Qian did his utmost to make Ling's loyalty clear, and the emperor, holding that Qian was pleading for Ling, sent Qian down to the punishment of castration. He then set forth everything from Tang and Yu down to the capture of the unicorn, and made the Shi ji. In a letter to Ren An, Qian said, 'Li Ling surrendered alive, and I too was pushed into the silkworm chamber.'" Su Lin's note says, "In the punishment of castration a close room is made and a fire is kept in it, so that it is warm like a silkworm chamber. In old times there was a silkworm chamber prison at Pingyin."

高靈已見。婦人集載桓玄問王凝之妻謝氏曰：「太傅東山二十餘年，遂復不終，其理云何？」謝答曰：「亡叔太傅先正，以無用為心，顯隱為優劣，始末正當動靜之異耳。」

Gao Ling has already appeared. The Furen ji records that Huan Xuan asked Lady Xie, the wife of Wang Ningzhi, "The grand tutor was at Dongshan more than twenty years, and then in the end he did not hold to it. What is the reason of that?" Xie answered, "My late uncle the grand tutor, first and foremost, made uselessness his heart and took coming forth and staying hidden for better and worse; his beginning and his end were just the difference between moving and being still."

逸士傳曰：「巢父者，堯時隱人。山居，不營世利，年老以樹為巢，而寢其上，故號巢父。」高逸沙門傳曰：「遁得深公之言，慚恧而已。」

The Yishi zhuan says, "Chao Fu was a man in hiding in the time of Yao. He lived in the mountains and did not seek the profit of the world, and when he grew old he made a nest of a tree and slept upon it, and so he was called Chao Fu, the nest father." The Gaoyi shamen zhuan says, "When Dun heard Lord Shen's words, he was only ashamed."

玄之已見。

Xuanzhi has already appeared.

征西寮屬名曰：「隆字佐治，汲郡人。仕吳至征西參軍。」

The Zhengxi liaoshu ming says, "Long's style was Zuozhi, and he was a man of Jijun. He served Wu and rose to adjutant to the general who conquered the west."

本草曰：「遠志一名棘宛，其葉名小草。」

The Bencao says, "Yuanzhi has another name, jiwan, and its leaves are called xiaocao."

孫放別傳曰：「放兄弟並秀異，與庾翼子園客同為學生。園客少有佳稱，因談笑嘲放曰：『諸孫於今為盛。』盛，監君諱也。放即答曰：『未若諸庾之翼翼。』放應機制勝，時人仰焉。司馬景王、陳、鍾諸賢相酬，無以踰也。」

The Sun Fang biezhuan says, "Fang and his brothers were all outstanding, and they were fellow students with Yuanke, the son of Yu Yi. Yuanke had a fine name while young, and in the course of talk and laughter he mocked Fang and said, 'The Suns are flourishing (盛) now.' Sheng was the taboo name of the director. Fang answered at once, 'Not so much as the Yus, wing upon wing (翼翼).' Fang met the moment and made a victory of it, and the men of the time looked up to him. Not even the exchanges of Sima, the Prince of Jing, and the worthies Chen and Zhong went beyond this."

范汪別傳曰：「汪字玄平，潁陽人。左將軍略之孫。少有不常之志，通敏多識，博涉經籍，致譽於時。歷吏部尚書、徐兗二州刺史。」

The Fan Wang biezhuan says, "Wang's style was Xuanping, and he was a man of Yingyang, the grandson of Lüezhi, the general of the left. While young he had purposes out of the common; he was penetrating and quick and knew much, and he ranged widely over the classics and won praise in his time. He served as president of the ministry of personnel and as Inspector of the two provinces of Xu and Yan."

史記曰：「項羽為漢兵所圍，夜起歌曰：『力拔山兮氣蓋世，時不利兮騅不逝。』」

The Shi ji says, "When Xiang Yu was surrounded by the troops of Han, he rose at night and sang, 'My strength pulled up mountains and my spirit covered the age; the time is against me and Zhui will not go on.'"

唐詩曰：「晉獻公好攻戰，國人多喪，其詩曰：『角枕粲兮，錦衾爛兮；予美亡此，誰與獨旦？』」袁故嘲之。

The Tang shi says, "Duke Xian of Jin loved to make war, and many of the people of the state died; and so the poem says, 'The cornered pillow shines, the brocade quilt glows; my fair one is not here, and with whom shall I watch alone till dawn?'" Yuan was mocking him with this.

晉陽秋曰：「恢尚廬陵長公主，名南弟。」

The Jinyang qiu says, "Hui married the elder princess of Luling, whose name was Nandi."

殷融已見。

Yin Rong has already appeared.

晉陽秋曰：「海西公諱奕，字延齡，成帝子也。興寧中即位。少同閹人之疾，使宮人與左右淫通生子。大司馬溫自廣陵還姑孰，過京都，以皇太后令，廢帝為海西公。」

The Jinyang qiu says, "The taboo name of the Duke of Haixi was Yi and his style was Yanling, and he was a son of Emperor Cheng. He came to the throne in the Xingning period. From his youth he had the ailment of a eunuch, and he had the palace women couple with his attendants and bear sons. Wen, the grand marshal, on his way back from Guangling to Gushu, passed through the capital, and by an order of the empress dowager deposed the emperor and made him Duke of Haixi."

郗曇、王脩已見。史記曰：「楚莊王觀兵於周郊，周定王使王孫滿迎勞楚王，王問鼎大小輕重？對曰：『在德不在鼎。』莊王曰：『子無阻九鼎，楚國折鉤之喙，足以為九鼎也。』」

Chi Tan and Wang Xiu have already appeared. The Shi ji says, "King Zhuang of Chu reviewed his troops on the outskirts of Zhou, and King Ding of Zhou sent Wangsun Man to meet and comfort the king of Chu. The king asked how large and small, how light and heavy the tripods were, and he answered, 'It lies in virtue, not in the tripods.' King Zhuang said, 'Do not block me with your nine tripods. The broken hook tips of Chu would be enough to make nine tripods.'"

春秋傳曰：「齊桓公伐楚，責苞茅之不貢。」論語曰：「後生可畏，焉知來者之不如今？」孔安國曰：「後生，少年。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Duke Huan of Qi attacked Chu and rebuked it for not sending tribute of bundled rushes." The Lunyu says, "Those born later are to be feared. How do we know that those to come will not be equal to those of today?" Kong Anguo says, "Those born later are the young."

張蒼梧碑曰：「君諱鎮，字義遠，吳國吳人。忠恕寬明，簡正貞粹。泰安中，除蒼梧太守。討王含有功，封興道縣侯。」

The stele of Zhang of Cangwu says, "His taboo name was Zhen and his style was Yiyuan, and he was a man of Wu in the state of Wu. He was loyal and forgiving, generous and clear, simple and upright, steadfast and pure. In the Tai'an period he was appointed Governor of Cangwu. He had merit in the punishment of Wang Han and was enfeoffed as marquis of Xingdao county."

小雅詩也。毛詩注曰：「蠢，動也。荊蠻，荊之蠻也。獫狁，北夷也。」習鑿齒，襄陽人。孫興公，太原人。故因詩以相戲也。

These are poems of the Xiaoya. The note to the Mao shi says, "Chun means to stir. The Jingman are the Man of Jing. The Xianyun are the Yi of the north." Xi Zuochi was a man of Xiangyang and Sun Xinggong was a man of Taiyuan, and so they teased each other by means of the poems.

豹奴，桓嗣小字。中興書曰：「嗣字恭祖，車騎將軍沖子也。少有清譽。仕至江州刺史。」王氏譜曰：「混字奉正，中軍將軍恬子。仕至丹陽尹。」

Baonu was Huan Si's childhood name. The Zhongxing shu says, "Si's style was Gongzu, and he was the son of Chong, the general of chariots and cavalry. While young he had a pure repute. He served and rose to Inspector of Jiangzhou." The Wang shi pu says, "Hun's style was Fengzheng, and he was the son of Tian, the general of the central army. He served and rose to intendant of Danyang."

春秋傳曰：「脣亡齒寒。」

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "When the lips are gone the teeth are cold."

南徐州記曰：「舊徐州都督以東為稱。晉氏南遷，徐州刺史王舒加北中郎將。北府之號，自此起也。」

The Nan Xuzhou ji says, "In old times the commander in chief of Xuzhou took his name from the east. When the house of Jin moved south, Wang Shu, the Inspector of Xuzhou, had the title of general of the household of the north added to him. The name of the northern headquarters arose from this."

倉，郗融小字也。郗氏譜曰：「融字景山，愔第二子，辟琅邪王文學，不拜而蚤終。」

Cang was Chi Rong's childhood name. The Chi shi pu says, "Rong's style was Jingshan, and he was the second son of Yin. He was summoned as academician to the Prince of Langya, but he died young before taking office."

《蜀志》陳壽評曰：「亮連年動眾，而無成功，蓋應變將略，非其所長也。」王隱《晉書》曰：「壽字承祚，巴西安漢人。好學，善著述。仕至中庶子。初，壽父為馬謖參軍，諸葛亮誅謖，髡其父頭。亮子瞻又輕壽。故壽撰蜀志，以愛憎為評也。」

In the Shu zhi the judgment of Chen Shou says, "Liang moved his host year after year and yet had no success, for meeting changes with a general's plans was not what he was good at." The Jin shu of Wang Yin says, "Shou's style was Chengzuo, and he was a man of Anhan in Baxi. He loved learning and was good at writing. He served and rose to junior steward. At first Shou's father was adjutant to Ma Su, and when Zhuge Liang put Su to death he had the father's head shaved. Liang's son Zhan also made light of Shou. That is why Shou, in compiling the Shu zhi, made his judgments out of love and hate."

東方朔傳曰：「漢武帝在柏梁臺上，使群臣作七言詩。」七言詩自此始也。

The Dongfang Shuo zhuan says, "Emperor Wu of Han was on the Bailiang terrace and had his officials make poems in seven words." Poems in seven words began from this.

出離騷。

This comes from the Lisao.

王坦之、范啟已見。世說是孫綽、習鑿齒言。

Wang Tanzhi and Fan Qi have already appeared. In the Shishuo these are the words of Sun Chuo and Xi Zuochi.

徐廣晉紀曰：「劉爰之字遵祖，沛郡人。少有才學，能言理。歷中書郎、宣城太守。」

The Jin ji of Xu Guang says, "Liu Yuanzhi's style was Zunzu, and he was a man of Peijun. While young he had talent and learning and could speak of principle. He served as gentleman of the secretariat and Governor of Xuancheng."

魏氏譜曰：「顗字長齊，會稽人。祖胤，處士。父說，大鴻臚卿。顗仕至山陰令。」漢書曰：「沛公入咸陽，召諸父老曰：『天下苦秦苛法久矣，今與父老約法三章耳：殺人者死，傷人及盜抵罪。』」應劭注曰：「抵，至也。但至於罪。」

The Wei shi pu says, "Yi's style was Changqi, and he was a man of Kuaiji. His grandfather Yin was a gentleman in retirement, and his father Yue was chamberlain for dependencies. Yi served and rose to prefect of Shanyin." The Han shu says, "When the Duke of Pei entered Xianyang he called together the elders and said, 'All under heaven has long suffered under the harsh laws of Qin. Now I will make only three rules of law with you elders: whoever kills a man shall die, and whoever wounds a man or steals shall be held to his crime.'" Ying Shao's note says, "Di means to reach. It is only to reach to the crime."

袁、戴、謝並已見。

Yuan, Dai and Xie have all already appeared.

中興書曰：「郗愔及弟曇奉天師道。」晉陽秋曰：「何充性好佛道，崇修佛寺，供給沙門以百數。久在揚州，徵役吏民，功賞萬計，是以為遐邇所譏。充弟準，亦精勤，唯讀佛經，營治寺廟而已矣。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Chi Yin and his younger brother Tan served the Way of the Celestial Masters." The Jinyang qiu says, "He Chong was by nature fond of the way of the Buddha; he raised and repaired Buddhist temples and provided for monks by the hundred. He was long in Yangzhou, and he called up clerks and commoners for labor and gave rewards for service by the ten thousand, and for this he was blamed far and near. Chong's younger brother Zhun was also fine and diligent, and did nothing but read the Buddhist scriptures and build and keep up temples."

莊子曰：「昭文之鼓琴，師曠之支策，惠子之據梧，三子之智幾矣，皆其盛也，故載之。末年，庖丁為文惠君解牛，三年之後，未嘗見全牛也。用刀十九年矣，所解數千牛，而刀刃若新發於硎。文惠君問之，庖丁曰：『彼節者有閒，而刀刃無厚；以無厚入有閒，恢恢乎其於遊刃必有餘地。』」

Zhuangzi says, "Zhao Wen's playing on the zither, Shi Kuang's leaning on his staff, and Huizi's propping himself on the wutong: the wisdom of these three was nearly complete and all was at its height, and so it is recorded. In his later years Cook Ding carved an ox for Lord Wenhui, and after three years he never saw a whole ox. He had used his knife for nineteen years and had carved several thousand oxen, and the blade was as if it had newly come from the whetstone. When Lord Wenhui asked him about it, Cook Ding said, 'Those joints have spaces and the blade has no thickness; and putting what has no thickness into what has space, there is room and to spare for the moving blade.'"

王蘊、謝玄已見。

Wang Yun and Xie Xuan have already appeared.

戰國策曰：「蘇秦說惠王而不見用，黑貂之裘弊，黃金百斤盡，大困而歸。父母不與言，妻不為下機，嫂不為炊。後為從長，行過洛陽，車騎輜重甚眾，秦之昆弟妻嫂側目不敢視。秦笑謂其嫂曰：『何先倨而後恭？』嫂謝曰：『見季子位高而金多。』秦歎曰：『一人之身，富貴則親戚畏懼，貧賤則輕易之，而況於他人哉！』」

The Zhanguo ce says, "Su Qin persuaded King Hui and was not employed; his black sable coat was worn out and his hundred catties of gold were gone, and in great straits he went home. His parents would not speak with him, his wife would not come down from the loom, and his brother's wife would not cook for him. Later he became head of the alliance, and as he passed through Luoyang his carriages and horsemen and baggage were very many, and Qin's brothers and his wife and his brother's wife looked aside and dared not look at him. Qin laughed and said to his brother's wife, 'How is it that you were haughty before and are respectful now?' She apologized and said, 'It is because I see that Jizi's place is high and his money is much.' Qin sighed and said, 'In one and the same man, when he is rich and noble his kin fear him, and when he is poor and humble they make light of him; how much more, then, with other men!'"

周祗隆安記曰：「破冢，洲名，在華容縣。」

The Long'an ji of Zhou Zhi says, "Pozhong is the name of a sandbank, and it is in Huarong county."

裴景仁秦書曰：「朗字元達，符堅從兄。性宏放，神氣爽悟。堅常曰：『吾家千里駒也。』堅為慕容沖所圍，朗降謝玄，用為員外散騎侍郎。吏部郎王忱與兄國寶命駕詣之。沙門法汰問朗曰：『見王吏部兄弟未？』朗曰：『非一狗面人心，又一人面狗心者是邪？』忱醜而才，國寶美而狠故也。朗常與朝士宴，時賢並用唾壺，朗欲夸之，使小兒跪而張口，唾而含出。又善識味，會稽王道子為設精饌，訖，問：『關中之食，孰若於此？』朗曰：『皆好。唯鹽味小生。』即問宰夫，如其言。或人殺雞以食之，朗曰：『此雞棲，恒半露。』問之，亦驗。又食鵝炙，知白黑之處，咸試而記之，無豪釐之差。著符子數十篇，蓋老、莊之流也。朗矜高忤物，不容於世，後眾讒而殺之。」

The Qin shu of Pei Jingren says, "Lang's style was Yuanda, and he was a cousin of Fu Jian. He was by nature broad and free, and his spirit was clear and quick. Jian always said, 'He is the thousand li colt of our house.' When Jian was surrounded by Murong Chong, Lang surrendered to Xie Xuan, who employed him as gentleman attendant of the outer court. Wang Chen, gentleman of the ministry of personnel, ordered his carriage with his elder brother Guobao and called on him. The monk Fa Tai asked Lang, 'Have you seen the Wang brothers of the ministry of personnel?' Lang said, 'Are they not the one with a dog's face and a man's heart, and the other with a man's face and a dog's heart?' This was because Chen was ugly but had talent, while Guobao was handsome but was cruel. When Lang was feasting with the gentlemen of the court and the worthies of the time all used spittoons, Lang wished to make a show of it and had a little boy kneel and open his mouth, and he spat and had him hold it and carry it out. He knew flavors well too. Sima Daozi, the Prince of Kuaiji, set out a fine meal for him, and when it was over he asked, 'How does the food of Guanzhong compare with this?' Lang said, 'It was all good; only the salt was a little raw.' He asked the cook at once, and it was as Lang had said. Someone killed a chicken and gave it him to eat, and Lang said, 'This chicken was always half in the open when it roosted.' They asked, and this too proved true. He also ate roast goose and knew where the white and the dark parts were, and they tested it all and wrote it down, and there was not a hair's breadth of difference. He wrote several tens of chapters of the Fuzi, which is in the stream of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Lang was proud and lofty and went against people, and he was not borne with in the world; later many slandered him and he was killed."

王氏譜曰：「肅之字幼恭，右將軍羲之第四子。歷中書郎、驃騎咨議。」

The Wang shi pu says, "Suzhi's style was Yougong, and he was the fourth son of Xizhi, the general of the right. He served as gentleman of the secretariat and as consultant to the general of agile cavalry."

秦詩敘曰：「襄公備其兵甲，以討西戎，婦人閔其君子，故作詩曰：『在其版屋，亂我心曲。』」毛公注曰：「西戎之版屋也。」

The preface to the Qin shi says, "Duke Xiang made ready his arms and armor to punish the Rong of the west, and the wives pitied their husbands, and so a poem was made that says, 'He is in that plank house, and it troubles the turns of my heart.'" Mao's note says, "It is the plank house of the Rong of the west."

續晉陽秋曰：「山松，陳郡人。祖喬，益州刺史。父方平，義興太守。山松歷秘書監、吳國內史。孫恩作亂，見害。初，帝為晉陵公主訪婿於王珣，珣舉謝混云：『人才不及真長，不減子敬。』帝曰：『如此，便已足矣。』」

The Xu Jinyang qiu says, "Shansong was a man of Chenjun. His grandfather Qiao was Inspector of Yizhou, and his father Fangping was Governor of Yixing. Shansong served as director of the palace library and as intendant of the state of Wu. When Sun En made his rebellion he was killed. At first the emperor sought a husband for the Princess of Jinling from Wang Xun, and Xun put forward Xie Hun and said, 'In talent he does not reach Zhenchang, but he is not less than Zijing.' The emperor said, 'If that is so, it is enough already.'"

中興書曰：「仲堪父嘗疾患經時，仲堪衣不解帶數年。自分劑湯藥，誤以藥手拭淚，遂眇一目。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Zhongkan's father was ill for a long time, and for several years Zhongkan did not loosen the belt of his robe. He measured out the decoctions himself, and once wiped his tears with a hand that had the medicine on it, and so became blind in one eye."

尚書大傳曰：「伯禽與康叔見周公，三見而三笞。康叔有駭色，謂伯禽曰：『有商子者，賢人也，與子見之。』乃見商子而問焉。商子曰：『南山之陽有木焉，名喬。』二三子往觀之，見喬實高高然而上。反，以告商子。商子曰：『喬者，父道也。南山之陰有木焉，名曰梓。』二三子復往觀焉，見梓實晉晉然而俯。反以告商子。商子曰：『梓者，子道也。』二三子明日見周公，入門而趨，登堂而跪。周公拂其首，勞而食之，曰：『爾安見君子乎？』」禮記曰：「成王有罪，周公則撻伯禽。」亦其義也。

The Shangshu dazhuan says, "Boqin and Kangshu went to see the Duke of Zhou, and three times they saw him and three times they were beaten. Kangshu looked alarmed and said to Boqin, 'There is one Master Shang, a worthy man; let us go and see him together.' So they saw Master Shang and asked him, and Master Shang said, 'On the sunny side of the southern mountain there is a tree named qiao.' The two of them went and looked at it, and saw that the qiao was indeed high and lofty and rose upward. They came back and told Master Shang, and Master Shang said, 'The qiao is the way of the father. On the shady side of the southern mountain there is a tree named zi.' The two of them went again and looked, and saw that the zi was indeed supple and bent down. They came back and told Master Shang, and Master Shang said, 'The zi is the way of the son.' The next day the two of them saw the Duke of Zhou; they entered the gate with quick steps and knelt when they came up to the hall. The Duke of Zhou stroked their heads and comforted them and gave them food, and said, 'Where have you seen a gentleman?'" The Li ji says, "When King Cheng was at fault, the Duke of Zhou flogged Boqin." This too is the meaning of it.

晉東宮百官名曰：「庾鴻字伯鸞，潁川人。」庾氏譜曰：「鴻祖義，吳國內史。父楷，左衛將軍。鴻仕至輔國內史。」

The Jin donggong baiguan ming says, "Yu Hong's style was Boluan, and he was a man of Yingchuan." The Yu shi pu says, "Hong's grandfather Yi was intendant of the state of Wu, and his father Kai was general of the guard of the left. Hong served and rose to intendant to the general who supports the state."

道曜，未詳。思道，王禎之小字也。老子明道，禎之字思道，故曰「顧名思義」。

Daoyao is not known in detail. Sidao was the childhood name of Wang Zhenzhi. Laozi made the Way clear, and Zhenzhi's style was Sidao, and so he said, "Look at your name and think of its meaning."

祖氏譜曰：「廣字淵度，范陽人。父台之，仕光祿大夫。廣仕至護軍長史。」

The Zu shi pu says, "Guang's style was Yuandu, and he was a man of Fanyang. His father Taizhi served as grand master of the palace. Guang served and rose to senior administrator to the army protector."

崖，桓脩小字。續晉陽秋曰：「脩少為玄所侮，於言端常嗤鄙之。」

Ya was Huan Xiu's childhood name. The Xu Jinyang qiu says, "Xiu was slighted by Xuan when he was young, and Xuan was always mocking him and calling him mean at the end of his words."

國語曰：「仲尼在陳，有隼集陳侯之庭而死，楛矢貫之，石砮尺有咫。問於仲尼。對曰：『隼之來遠矣。此肅慎之矢也。昔武王克商，通道于九夷、百蠻，使各以方賄貢，於是肅慎氏貢楛矢。古者分異姓之職，使不忘服也，故分陳以肅慎之貢；若求之故府，其可得。』使求得之，金櫝如初。」

The Guo yu says, "When Zhongni was in Chen, a falcon came down in the courtyard of the Marquis of Chen and died, pierced by an arrow of hu wood with a stone head a foot and eight inches long. They asked Zhongni, and he answered, 'The falcon has come from far. This is an arrow of the Sushen. Of old, when King Wu had conquered Shang, he opened the roads to the nine Yi and the hundred Man and had each send tribute of the goods of its region, and then the Sushen sent arrows of hu wood as tribute. In old times the offices were divided among those of other surnames so that they should not forget their submission, and so the tribute of the Sushen was given in division to Chen. If you seek it in the old storehouse, it can be found.' They sought it and found it, and the metal casket was as it had been at first."