Slighting and Abuse世説新語 輕詆第二十六

眉子已見。叔，王澄也。

Meizi has appeared before. The uncle is Wang Cheng.

史記曰：「樂毅，中山人。賢而為燕昭王將軍，率諸侯伐齊，終於趙。」

The Shi ji says, "Yue Yi was a man of Zhongshan. He was worthy, and he became a general to King Zhao of Yan. He led the feudal lords and attacked Qi, and he ended his days in Zhao."

列女傳曰：「鍾離春者，齊無鹽之女也。其醜無雙，黃頭深目，長壯大節，鼻昂結喉，肥項少髮，折腰出胸，皮膚若漆。行年三十，無所容入，衒嫁不售，乃自詣齊宣王，乞備後宮，因說王以四殆。王拜為正后。」吳越春秋曰：「越王句踐得山中採薪女子，名曰西施，獻之吳王。」

The Lienü zhuan says, "Zhongli Chun was a woman of Wuyan in Qi. Her ugliness was without match. She had yellow hair and deep-set eyes, and she was tall and stout with thick joints. Her nose was tilted and her throat knotted, her neck was fat and her hair thin, her waist was bent and her chest thrust out, and her skin was like lacquer. She reached the age of thirty with no place that would take her in, and she offered herself in marriage and was not taken. So she went of herself to King Xuan of Qi and begged to fill a place in the rear palace, and with this she talked to the king of the four perils. The king bowed to her and made her his principal queen." The Wu Yue chunqiu says, "King Goujian of Yue got a girl gathering firewood in the hills, whose name was Xishi, and he presented her to the king of Wu."

按王公雅量通濟，庾亮之在武昌，傳其應下，公以識度裁之，囂言自息。豈或回貳有扇塵之事乎？王隱《晉書戴洋傳》曰：「丹陽太守王導，問洋得病七年。洋曰：『君侯命在申，為土地之主，而於申上冶，火光昭天，此為金火相爍，水火相炒，以故相害。』導呼冶令奕遜，使啟鎮東徙，今東冶是也。」丹陽記曰：「丹陽冶城，去宮三里，吳時鼓鑄之所，吳平猶不廢。」又云：「孫權築冶城，為鼓鑄之所。」既立石頭大塢，不容近立此小城，當是徙縣冶空城而置冶爾。冶城疑是金陵本冶。漢高六年，令天下縣邑，秣陵不應獨無。

On examination: Lord Wang was of a fine capacity and carried others through. When Yu Liang was at Wuchang and word came that he was about to come down, His Excellency measured the matter with his insight and judgment, and the noisy talk died away of itself. How could he have turned double-minded and fanned dust about? The Dai Yang zhuan in Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Wang Dao, Governor of Danyang, asked Dai Yang why he had been ill for seven years. Yang said, 'Your lordship's fate lies in shen (申), and you are lord of the land, yet you keep a forge over shen. Its firelight is bright to heaven. This is metal and fire melting each other and water and fire boiling each other, and for this reason they harm each other.' Dao called Yi Xun, the forge master, and had him report to the Garrison of the East and move it, and the present Eastern Forge is this." The Danyang ji says, "The forge city of Danyang is three li from the palace. In the time of Wu it was the place of hammering and casting, and after Wu was pacified it was still not abolished." It also says, "Sun Quan built the forge city as a place of hammering and casting." Since the great embankment at Shitou had already been raised, there was no room to set up this small city close by, and it must be that a forge was placed in the empty forge city of the county that had been moved. The forge city is perhaps the original forge of Jinling. In the sixth year of Han Gaozu an order went out to the counties and towns of the empire, and Moling alone would not have been without one.

王丞相已見。

Chancellor Wang has appeared before.

晉諸公贊曰：「充字子尼，陳留雍丘人。」充別傳曰：「充祖睦，蔡邕孫也。充少好學，有雅尚，體貌尊嚴，莫有媟慢於其前者。高平劉整有雋才，而車服奢麗，謂人曰：『紗縠，人常服耳。嘗遇蔡子尼在坐，終日不自安。』見憚如此。是時，陳留為大郡，多人士，琅邪王澄嘗經郡境，問：『此郡多士，有誰乎？』吏曰：『有江應元、蔡子尼。』時陳留多居大位者，澄問：『何以但稱此二人？』吏曰：『向謂君侯問人，不謂位也。』澄笑而止。充歷成都王東曹掾，故稱東曹。」妒記曰：「丞相曹夫人性甚忌，禁制丞相，不得有侍御，乃至左右小人，亦被檢簡，時有妍妙，皆加誚責。王公不能久堪，乃密營別館，眾妾羅列，兒女成行。後元會日，夫人於青疏臺中，望見兩三兒騎羊，皆端正可念。夫人遙見，甚憐愛之。語婢：『汝出問，是誰家兒？』給使不達旨，乃答云：『是第四王等諸郎。』曹氏聞，驚愕大恚。命車駕，將黃門及婢二十人，人持食刀，自出尋討。王公亦遽命駕，飛轡出門，猶患牛遲。乃以左手攀車蘭，右手捉麈尾，以柄助御者打牛，狼狽奔馳，劣得先至。蔡司徒聞而笑之，乃故詣王公，謂曰：『朝廷欲加公九錫，公知不？』王謂信然，自敘謙志。蔡曰：『不聞餘物，唯聞有短轅犢車，長柄麈尾。』王大愧。後貶蔡曰：『吾昔與安期、千里，共在洛水。』」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Chong's courtesy name was Zini; he was a man of Yongqiu in Chenliu." The Chong biezhuan says, "Chong's grandfather Mu was a grandson of Cai Yong. Chong loved learning when he was young and had refined tastes, and his body and bearing were lofty and stern, so that no one was ever loose or haughty before him. Liu Zheng of Gaoping had outstanding talent, and his carriage and clothes were lavish and fine, and he said to someone, 'Gauze and silk are only a man's everyday dress. Once I met Cai Zini and sat with him, and all day I was not at ease in myself.' He was feared like this. At that time Chenliu was a great commandery with many men of parts, and Wang Cheng of Langye once passed through its borders and asked, 'This commandery has many gentlemen. Who are they?' A clerk said, 'There are Jiang Yingyuan and Cai Zini.' At that time many men of Chenliu held high positions, and Cheng asked, 'Why do you name only these two?' The clerk said, 'I took your lordship to be asking about men, not about positions.' Cheng laughed and let it rest. Chong served as administrator of the eastern bureau under the prince of Chengdu, and so he is called the Eastern Bureau." The Du ji says, "Lady Cao, the Chancellor's wife, was by nature very jealous, and she held the Chancellor down and would not let him have attendants. Even the lesser people about him were examined and sifted, and any who were fair and fine were all scolded. Lord Wang could not bear it long, and so he secretly built another house, and the concubines were set out in rows and the sons and daughters stood in ranks. Later, on the day of the New Year assembly, the lady looked out from the green lattice terrace and saw two or three children riding on sheep, all of them proper and lovable. Seeing them from afar she loved them dearly, and she said to her maid, 'Go out and ask whose children they are.' The servant did not grasp her meaning and answered, 'They are the young gentlemen of the fourth Wang and the rest.' When Lady Cao heard it she was startled and greatly enraged. She called for her carriage, and taking the eunuchs and twenty maids, each of them holding a kitchen knife, she went out herself to seek them out and strike them. Lord Wang too called for his carriage in haste and flew out of the gate with loose reins, and still he feared the ox was slow. So with his left hand he gripped the carriage rail and with his right he held his deer-tail whisk, and with the handle he helped the driver beat the ox, and he ran in headlong disorder and barely arrived first. Cai, the Minister over the Masses, heard of it and laughed at him, and so he went to Lord Wang on purpose and said to him, 'The court wishes to grant you the nine gifts. Do you know it?' Wang took it to be true and set forth his modest intent. Cai said, 'I have heard of no other thing, only that there is a short-shafted calf carriage and a long-handled deer-tail whisk.' Wang was greatly ashamed. Afterwards he disparaged Cai and said, 'In the old days I was at the Luo with Anqi and Qianli.'"

謝歆《金昌亭詩敘》曰：「余尋師，來入經吳，行達昌門，忽睹斯亭，傍川帶河，其榜題曰『金昌』。訪之耆老，曰：『昔朱買臣仕漢，還為會稽內史，逢其迎吏，遊旅北舍，與買臣爭席。買臣出其印綬，群吏慚服自裁。因事建亭，號曰「金傷」，失其字義耳。』」

Xie Xin's preface to the poem on the Jinchang Pavilion says, "I was seeking a teacher, and I came through Wu, and my road reached the Chang gate. Suddenly I saw this pavilion, beside a stream and girded by a river, and the name hung on it read 'Jinchang (金昌)'. I asked the elders about it, and they said, 'Long ago Zhu Maichen served Han and came back as interior clerk of Kuaiji. He met the clerks who came out to greet him. As a traveler he had lodged in the northern house and had quarreled with Zhu Maichen over a seat. When Maichen brought out his seal and its cord, the clerks were ashamed and bowed down and took their own lives. Because of this a pavilion was raised, and it was called Jinshang (金傷), and the sense of the graph has simply been lost.'"

虎㹠，王彭之小字也。王氏譜曰：「彭之字安壽，琅邪人。祖正，尚書郎。父彬，衛將軍。彭之仕至黃門郎。虎犢，彪之小字也。彪之字叔虎，彭之第三弟。年二十而頭鬚皓白，時人謂之王白鬚。少有局榦之稱。累遷至左光祿大夫。」

Hutun was Wang Pengzhi's childhood name. The Wang shi pu says, "Pengzhi's courtesy name was Anshou; he was a man of Langye. His grandfather Zheng was a gentleman of the Imperial Secretariat. His father Bin was General of the Guards. Pengzhi rose in office to gentleman of the Yellow Gate. Hudu was Biaozhi's childhood name. Biaozhi's courtesy name was Shuhu, and he was Pengzhi's third younger brother. At twenty his hair and beard were white, and the men of the time called him Wang White-Beard. When he was young he was spoken of for his capacity and ability. Through successive promotions he reached Left Superior Grand Master of the Palace."

長樂，孫綽。

Changle is Sun Chuo.

大雅詩毛公注曰：「殄，盡。瘁，病也。」

It is a poem of the Daya, and Lord Mao's note says, "Tian (殄) is to exhaust. Cui (瘁) is to sicken."

八王故事曰：「夷甫雖居台司，不以事物自嬰，當世化之，羞言名教。自臺郎以下，皆雅崇拱默，以遺事為高。四海尚寧，而識者知其將亂。」晉陽秋曰：「夷甫將為石勒所殺，謂人曰：『吾等若不祖尚浮虛，不至於此！』」

The Ba wang gushi says, "Though Yifu held office at the terrace, he did not entangle himself with affairs and things, and the age of his day was changed by him and was ashamed to speak of the teaching of names. From the gentlemen of the terrace downward, all esteemed elegant folded hands and silence, and held it lofty to let business go. The four seas were still at peace, but those who knew saw that disorder was coming." The Jin yangqiu says, "When Yifu was about to be killed by Shi Le he said to someone, 'If we had not honored the floating and the empty, we would not have come to this.'"

劉鎮南銘曰：「表字景升，山陽高平人。黃中通理，博識多聞。仕至鎮南將軍、荊州刺史。」

The Liu Zhennan ming says, "Biao's courtesy name was Jingsheng; he was a man of Gaoping in Shanyang. The yellow within him ran through the grain of things, and he knew widely and heard much. He rose in office to General Who Guards the South and Inspector of Jingzhou."

奴角反。

The sound is taken from nu (奴) and jue (角).

孫統為柔集敘曰：「柔字世遠，樂安人。才理清鮮，安行仁義。婚泰山胡毋氏女，年二十，既有倍年之覺，而姿色清惠，近是上流婦人。柔家道隆崇，既罷司空參軍、安固令，營宅於伏川。馳動之情既薄，又愛翫賢妻，便有終焉之志。尚書令何充取為冠軍參軍，僶俛應命，眷戀綢繆，不能相舍。相贈詩書，清婉辛切。」

Sun Tong, writing a preface to Rou's collected works, says, "Rou's courtesy name was Shiyuan; he was a man of Le'an. His talent and his reasoning were clear and fresh, and he walked at ease in benevolence and right. He married a daughter of the Huwu family of Taishan. She was twenty, and there was already the feeling of twice her years between them, yet her form and beauty were pure and wise, and she was nearly a woman of the upper rank. Rou's household was rich and high. When he had left the posts of adjutant to the Minister of Works and magistrate of Angu, he built a house at Fuchuan. His heart for running about was already thin, and he loved and delighted in his worthy wife, and so he had a mind to end his days there. He Chong, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, took him as adjutant to the General of the Van, and he forced himself to answer the summons, but he looked back and longed for home and was bound fast, and they could not part from each other. They sent each other poems and letters, clear and lovely, sharp and earnest."

言江此言，非是醜拙，似有忿於王也。

It means that what Jiang said was not ugly and clumsy, but that he seemed to have anger against Wang.

列仙傳曰：「商丘子晉者，商邑人。好吹竽牧豕，年七十，不娶妻而不老。問其須要，言『但食老朮、昌蒲根、飲水，如此便不饑不老耳』。貴戚富室，聞而服之，不能終歲輒止，謂將有匿術。孫綽為贊曰：『商丘卓犖，執策吹竽。渴飲寒泉，飢食菖蒲。所牧何物？殆非真豬。儻逢風雲，為我龍攄。』」

The Liexian zhuan says, "Shangqiu Zijin was a man of the town of Shang. He liked to blow the pipes and herd swine, and at seventy he had taken no wife and had not grown old. When he was asked what he needed, he said, 'I only eat old atractylis and sweet-flag root and drink water, and thus I am neither hungry nor old.' Noble kin and rich houses heard of it and took the same, but they could not finish out a year and stopped at once, and they said he must have a hidden art. Sun Chuo made an encomium: 'Shangqiuzi stands out alone, holding his whip and blowing his pipes. Thirsty, he drinks the cold spring; hungry, he eats the sweet flag. What is it he herds? Surely it is no true pig. Should he meet wind and cloud, for me he would stretch out as a dragon.'"

孫綽表諫曰：「中宗龍飛，實賴萬里長江，畫而守之耳。不然，胡馬久已踐建康之地，江東為豺狼之場矣。」綽賦遂初，陳止足之道。

Sun Chuo remonstrated in a memorial, saying, "That Zhongzong rose like a dragon was in truth owing to the long river of ten thousand li, which they drew their line at and held. Had it not been so, the horses of the Hu would long since have trodden the ground of Jiankang, and Jiangdong would be a field for jackals and wolves." Chuo wrote the Suichu and set forth the way of stopping and being content.

夫人，劉惔之妹。

The lady was Liu Tan's younger sister.

按邴原別傳：「魏五官中郎將，嘗與群賢共論曰：『今有一丸藥，得濟一人疾，而君、父俱病，與君邪？與父邪？』諸人紛葩，或父、或君。原勃然曰：『父子，一本也。亦不復難。』」君、親相校，自古如此。未解簡文誚許意。

On examination, the Bing Yuan biezhuan says, "The General of the Gentlemen of the Household for All Purposes of Wei once discussed with the company of worthies and said, 'Now there is a single pill of medicine that can save one man's illness, and your ruler and your father are both sick. Would you give it to the ruler? Would you give it to the father?' The company was in confusion, some saying the father and some the ruler. Yuan said sharply, 'Father and son are one root. There is nothing hard in it.'" Weighing ruler and parent against each other has been like this from of old, and I do not understand what Jianwen meant by his rebuke of Xu.

春秋傳曰：「禹、湯罪己，其興也勃焉。」言禹、湯以聖德自罪，所以能興。今萬失律致敗，雖復自咎，其可濟焉。故王嘉萬也。

The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Yu and Tang laid the blame on themselves, and so their rise was swift." It means that Yu and Tang, with their sagely virtue, blamed themselves, and so were able to rise. Now Wan lost discipline and came to defeat, and though he blames himself again, can that save him? So Wang was commending Wan.

伏滔長笛賦敘曰：「余同寮桓子野有故長笛，傳之耆老云：『蔡邕伯喈之所製也。』初，邕避難江南，宿於柯亭之館，以竹為椽，邕仰眄之，曰：『良竹也。』取以為笛，音聲獨絕。歷代傳之至於今。」

Fu Tao's preface to the Rhapsody on the Long Flute says, "My colleague Huan Ziye had an old long flute, and the elders handed down that it was made by Cai Yong Bojie. In the beginning, when Yong fled the troubles to Jiangnan, he lodged at the hostel of Keting, where bamboo had been used for rafters. Yong looked up and eyed them and said, 'Good bamboo.' He took one and made a flute of it, and its sound was matchless. It has been handed down through the ages to this day."

一作臺。

In one text shou (壽) is written tai (臺).

一作尫凡。

In one text huiwa (虺瓦) is written wangfan (尫凡).

中郎，坦之。帢，帽也。裴子曰：「林公云：『文度箸膩顏，挾左傳，逐鄭康成，自為高足弟子。篤而論之，不離塵垢囊也。』」

The gentleman of the household is Tanzhi. Qia (帢) is a cap. The Pei zi says, "His Excellency Lin said, 'Wendu wears a greasy cap, tucks the Zuo zhuan under his arm, and follows Zheng Kangcheng, and takes himself for a disciple of the first rank. Put it in earnest, and he does not leave off being a bag of dust and grime.'"

禮記曰：「君子之交淡若水，小人之交甘若醴。」

The Liji says, "The friendship of the gentleman is bland as water; the friendship of the small man is sweet as new wine."

中郎，謝萬。

The gentleman of the household is Xie Wan.

庾龢、裴啟已見。

Yu He and Pei Qi have appeared before.

支遁傳曰：「遁每標舉會宗，而不留心象喻，解釋章句，或有所漏，文字之徒，多以為疑。謝安石聞而善之曰：『此九方皋之相馬也，略其玄黃，而取其俊逸。』」列子曰：「伯樂謂秦穆公曰：『臣所與共儋纆薪菜者，有九方皋，此其於馬，非臣之下也。』公使行求馬，反，曰：『得矣！牡而黃。』使人取之，牝而驪。公曰：『毛物牡牝之不知，何馬之能知也？』伯樂曰：『若皋之觀馬者，天機也。得其精，亡其麤。在其內，亡其外。見其所見，不見其所不見。視其所視，遺其所不視。若彼之所相，有貴於馬也。』既而，馬果千里足。」

The Zhi Dun zhuan says, "Dun always raised up the gathered ridge of a matter and did not keep his mind on figures and comparisons, and in explaining chapters and phrases he sometimes left things out, so that the men of letters mostly doubted him. Xie Anshi heard of it and thought well of him and said, 'This is Jiufang Gao judging a horse. He passes over the black and the yellow and takes the swift and the outstanding.'" The Liezi says, "Bole said to Duke Mu of Qin, 'Among those who carried loads and gathered firewood and greens with me there is Jiufang Gao. In the matter of horses this man is not below your servant.' The duke sent him to go and seek a horse, and he came back and said, 'I have got it. A stallion, and yellow.' He sent men to fetch it, and it was a mare, and black. The duke said, 'You do not know coat or kind, nor stallion from mare. What horse could you know?' Bole said, 'What Gao sees in a horse is the working of heaven. He gets the fine and loses the coarse; he is within and loses the without; he sees what he is to see and does not see what he is not to see; he watches what he is to watch and lets go what he is not to watch. What such a man judges has something in it more precious than horses.' And in time the horse proved to have feet for a thousand li."

續晉陽秋曰：「晉隆和中，河東裴啟撰漢、魏以來迄于今時，言語應對之可稱者，謂之語林。時人多好其事，文遂流行。後說太傅事不實，而有人於謝坐敘其黃公酒壚，司徒王珣為之賦，謝公加以與王不平，乃云：『君遂復作裴郎學。』自是眾咸鄙其事矣。安鄉人有罷中宿縣詣安者，安問其歸資。答曰：『嶺南凋弊，唯有五萬蒲葵扇，又以非時為滯貨。』安乃取其中者捉之，於是京師士庶競慕而服焉。價增數倍，旬月無賣。夫所好生羽毛，所惡成瘡痏。謝相一言，挫成美於千載，及其所與，崇虛價於百金。上之愛憎與奪，可不慎哉！」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "In the Longhe years of Jin, Pei Qi of Hedong gathered from Han and Wei down to the present time the sayings and answers worth recounting, and called it the Yulin. The men of the time much liked the work, and so the book went abroad. Later what it said of the Grand Tutor's affairs was not true, and moreover someone at Lord Xie's seat set forth the tale of Duke Huang's wine shop, and Wang Xun, the Minister over the Masses, made a rhapsody on it. Lord Xie, adding to this that he was not on even terms with Wang, said, 'So now you are doing the learning of Master Pei.' From this time on everyone despised the work. There was a man of Xie An's village who had left the post of Zhongsu county and came to An, and An asked him what means he had brought back. He answered, 'Lingnan is worn and ruined. There are only fifty thousand palm-leaf fans, and being out of season they have become goods that will not move.' An then took one of the middling sort and held it, and at this the gentlemen and commoners of the capital vied in admiring it and carried them. The price rose several times over, and within a month there were none to sell. What is liked grows feathers and fur, and what is hated becomes a sore. One word of Chancellor Xie broke a beauty a thousand years in the making, and when he gave his favor he raised an empty price to a hundred in gold. Can those above be anything but careful in their loving and hating, their giving and taking away!"

洛下書生詠，音重濁，故云老婢聲。

The chanting of the students below Luo is heavy and muddy in sound, and so he called it the voice of an old serving-woman.

謝氏譜曰：「尚長女僧要適庾龢，次女僧韶適殷歆。」

The Xie shi pu says, "Shang's elder daughter Sengyao went to Yu He, and his second daughter Sengshao went to Yin Xin."

巢，殷顗小字也。

Chao was Yin Yi's childhood name.

庾氏譜曰：「恒字敬則。祖亮，父龢。恒仕至尚書僕射。」

The Yu shi pu says, "Heng's courtesy name was Jingze. His grandfather was Liang and his father was He. Heng rose in office to vice director of the Imperial Secretariat."

說林曰：「范啟云：『韓康伯似肉鴨。』」

The Shuo lin says, "Fan Qi said, 'Han Kangbo is like a fat duck.'"

續晉陽秋曰：「宏，符堅太子也。堅為姚萇所殺，宏將母妻來投，詔賜田宅。桓玄以宏為將，玄敗，寇湘中，伏誅。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Hong was Fu Jian's heir apparent. When Jian was killed by Yao Chang, Hong took his mother and his wife and came to seek shelter, and by rescript he was given fields and a house. Huan Xuan made Hong a general, and when Xuan was broken Hong raided Xiangzhong and was put to death."

訥，詢小字。

Ne was Xu Xun's childhood name.

永嘉記曰：「王和之字興道，琅琊人。祖翼，平南將軍。父胡之，司州刺史。和之歷永嘉太守、正員常侍。」望蔡，謝琰小字也。

The Yongjia ji says, "Wang Hezhi's courtesy name was Xingdao; he was a man of Langye. His grandfather Yi was General Who Pacifies the South. His father Huzhi was Inspector of Sizhou. Hezhi served as Governor of Yongjia and as regular attendant of the full establishment." Wangcai was Xie Yan's childhood name.

舊語：秣陵有哀仲家梨甚美，大如升，入口消釋。言愚人不別味，得好梨烝食之也。

An old saying: at Moling the pears of Ai Zhong's house were very fine, as big as a sheng measure, and they melted away in the mouth. It means that a foolish man cannot tell flavors, and gets a good pear and steams it and eats it.