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North India — The Country of Jalandhara北天闍蘭達羅國

Wang Ocheonchukguk Jeon (Memoir of the Pilgrimage to the Five Regions of India) 往五天竺國傳 · Hyecho · 727 (Silla, 26th year of King Seongdeok) · 1 passages · 168 Chinese characters · reading time 0.7 min

Wang Ocheonchukguk Jeon (Memoir of the Pilgrimage to the Five Regions of India) Complete in one volume The travel record of Hyecho, a monk of Silla, who at about twenty walked forty countries of India and the Western Regions and set down what he saw. It was lost for more than a thousand years and was found again in 1908 in the caves of Dunhuang, as a damaged scroll. Five poems in five-word lines, longing for home, are carried in it.

1A country that leans on the mountains

又從西天北行三箇餘月。至北天國也。名闍蘭達羅國。王有三百頭象。依山作城而住。從茲已北。漸漸有山。為國狹小兵馬不多。常被中天及迦葉彌羅國屢屢所吞。所以依山而住。人風衣著言音。與中天不殊。土地稍冷於中天等也。亦無霜雪。但有風冷。土地所有出象㲲布稻麥驢騾少有。其王有馬百匹。首領三五匹。百姓並無。西是平川。東近雪山。國內足寺足僧。大小乘俱行。

Then from West India I went north for more than three months and reached North India. It is named the country of Jalandhara (闍蘭達羅國). The king has three hundred head of elephants, and they lean on the mountains to build their city and live there. From here northward there are gradually more mountains. The country is narrow and small and its troops are not many, so it has been swallowed again and again by Central India and by the country of Kashmir (迦葉彌羅國), and for that reason they live leaning on the mountains.

The manners of the people, their dress and their speech are no different from Central India. The land is a little colder than Central India and the rest, yet there is no frost or snow, only a cold wind. What the land has and yields is elephants, wool cloth, rice and barley, and there are a few asses and mules. The king has a hundred horses, the chiefs three to five each, and the people none at all.

To the west is a level plain, and to the east it lies near the snow mountains. Within the country there are many monasteries and many monks, and both the Great Vehicle and the Lesser Vehicle are practised.