Yetgeul › Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) › Book 4

The Country of Jiebita劫比他國

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) 大唐西域記 · Xuanzang · compiled by Bianji · 646 (Tang, 20th year of the Zhenguan era) · 7 passages · 716 Chinese characters · reading time 2.9 min

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) Book 4 The record Xuanzang laid before Emperor Taizong of the Tang after seventeen years of walking through the Western Regions and India, a hundred and thirty-eight countries in all. It is the stuff from which Journey to the West was made, but what stands here is not monsters — it is the compass and the climate and the speech and the faith of one country after another. The road runs two hundred years after Faxian and eighty years before Hyecho.

劫比他國周二千餘里,國大都城周二十餘里。氣序土宜,同毗羅刪拿國。風俗淳和,人多學藝。伽藍四所,僧徒千餘人,並學小乘正量部法。天祠十所,異道雜居,同共遵事大自在天。

The country of Jiebita is more than two thousand li around. The great capital city of the country is more than twenty li around. The climate and what the soil is fit for are the same as in the country of Piluoshanna. The customs are simple and mild, and many of the people study the arts. There are four monasteries and more than a thousand monks, and all of them study the teaching of the Zhengliang school of the Lesser Vehicle. There are ten temples of the gods, where followers of other ways live mixed together, and all alike revere and serve the great god Zizai.

城東二十餘里有大伽藍,經制輪奐,工窮剞劂。聖形尊像,務極莊嚴。僧徒數百人,學正量部法。數萬凈人,宅居其側。

More than twenty li east of the city there is a great monastery. Its plan and building are lofty and splendid, and the workmanship is carved to the utmost. The holy figures and honored images are adorned with the greatest gravity. There are several hundred monks, and they study the teaching of the Zhengliang school. Several tens of thousands of lay servants have their homes beside it.

3The three precious stairways, where he came down from heaven

伽藍大垣內有三寶階,南北列,東面下,是如來自三十三天降還所也。昔如來起自勝林,上升天宮,居善法堂,為母說法。過三月已,將欲下降,天帝釋乃縱神力,建立寶階,中階黃金,左水精,右白銀。如來起善法堂,從諸天眾,履中階而下;大梵王執白拂,履銀階而右侍;天帝釋持寶蓋,蹈水精階而左侍。天眾淩虛,散花贊德。數百年前,猶有階級,逮至今時,陷沒已盡。諸國君王悲慨不遇,壘以磚石,飾以珍寶,於其故基,擬昔寶階,其高七十餘尺,上起精舍。中有石佛像,而左右之階有釋、梵之像,形擬厥初,猶為下勢。傍有石柱,高七十餘尺,無憂王所建。色紺光潤,質堅密理,上作師子蹲踞向階,雕鏤奇形,周其方面,隨人罪福,影現柱中。

Within the great wall of the monastery there are three precious stairways. They stand in a row from north to south and come down toward the east. This is the place where the Tathagata came down and returned from the heaven of the thirty-three. Long ago the Tathagata rose from the Shenglin grove, went up to the palace of heaven, dwelt in the hall of the good Law, and preached the Law for his mother. When three months had passed and he was about to come down, the god Shakra let out his spiritual power and set up precious stairways. The middle stairway was of yellow gold, the left of crystal, and the right of white silver. The Tathagata rose from the hall of the good Law and, with the hosts of heaven following him, came down treading the middle stairway. The great king Brahma held a white whisk and attended on the right, treading the silver stairway. The god Shakra held a jeweled canopy and attended on the left, treading the crystal stairway. The hosts of heaven rode the empty air, scattering flowers and praising his virtue. Several hundred years ago the steps were still there, but by this time they have sunk away and are all gone. The kings of the several countries grieved that they had not seen them. They piled up brick and stone and adorned it with rare jewels, and on the old foundation they made a copy of the precious stairways of old. It is more than seventy feet high, and a shrine is raised on top of it. Within the shrine there is an image of the Buddha in stone, and on the stairways to the left and right there are images of Shakra and Brahma, made after the likeness of the first ones and still in the posture of coming down. Beside them there is a stone pillar more than seventy feet high, raised by King Wuyou. Its color is dark blue and glossy, and its substance is hard with a close grain. On the top a lion is made crouching and facing the stairway, and strange shapes are carved around its four sides. According to a man's sin or blessing, his shadow appears within the pillar.

4The traces of the four Buddhas and the place where he bathed

寶階側不遠有窣堵波,是過去四佛坐及經行遺跡之所。其側窣堵波,如來在昔於此澡浴。其側精舍,是如來入定之處。精舍側有大石基,長五十餘步,高七尺,是如來經行之處。足所履跡,皆有蓮花之文。基左右各有小窣堵波,帝釋、梵王之所建也。

Not far from the side of the precious stairways there is a stupa. It is the place where the four Buddhas of the past sat and left the traces of their walking back and forth. The stupa beside it is where the Tathagata bathed long ago. The shrine beside that is the place where the Tathagata entered meditation. Beside the shrine there is a great stone foundation, more than fifty paces long and seven feet high. This is where the Tathagata walked back and forth. Wherever his foot trod there is the mark of a lotus flower. To the left and right of the foundation there is each a small stupa, raised by Shakra and by Brahma.

5The nun Lianhuase and Shanxian

釋、梵窣堵波前,是蓮花色苾芻尼欲先見佛,化作轉輪王處。如來自天宮還贍部洲也,時蘇部底宴坐石室,竊自思曰:「今佛還降,人、天導從,如我今者,何所宜行?嘗聞佛說,知諸法空,體諸法性,是則以慧眼觀法身也。」時蓮花色苾芻尼欲初見佛,化為轉輪王,七寶導從,四兵警衛,至世尊所,復苾芻尼。如來告曰:「汝非初見。夫善現者,觀諸法空,是見法身。」

In front of the stupas of Shakra and Brahma is the place where the nun Lianhuase, wishing to be the first to see the Buddha, changed herself into a wheel-turning king. When the Tathagata was returning from the palace of heaven to the continent of Shanbu, Subudi was sitting quietly in a stone chamber, and he thought within himself, "Now the Buddha comes down again, and men and gods lead him and follow him. For one such as I, what is it fitting to do? I once heard the Buddha say that to know that all things are empty and to grasp the nature of all things is to behold the body of the Law with the eye of wisdom." At that time the nun Lianhuase wished to be the first to see the Buddha. She changed into a wheel-turning king, with the seven treasures leading and following and the four kinds of troops guarding her, and she came to the place of the World Honored One and became a nun again. The Tathagata said to her, "You are not the first to see me. Shanxian beheld that all things are empty, and this is to have seen the body of the Law."

Interlinear notes 1

唐言善現。舊曰須扶提,或曰須菩提,譯曰善吉,皆訛也。

In the language of the Tang it is Shanxian (善現). In old days he was called Xufuti, and some say Xuputi, translated as Shanji. All of these are wrong.

6The dragon pool that guards the holy traces

聖跡坦內,靈異相繼。其大窣堵波東南有一龍池,恒護聖跡。既有冥衛,難以輕犯。歲久自壞,人莫能毀。

Within the wall where the holy traces are, spiritual wonders follow one after another. Southeast of the great stupa there is a dragon pool, and it guards the holy traces without ceasing. Since there is a hidden guard, they are hard to violate lightly. With the long years they fall of themselves, but no man is able to destroy them.

從此東南行減二百里,至羯若鞠阇國。

Going southeast from here a little less than two hundred li, one comes to the country of Jieruojushe.

Interlinear notes 1

唐言曲女城國。中印度境。

In the language of the Tang it is the country of the city of the Bent Women. It is in the border of Central India.