Yetgeul › Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) › Book 10

The Country of Jiamolupo迦摩縷波國

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) 大唐西域記 · Xuanzang · compiled by Bianji · 646 (Tang, 20th year of the Zhenguan era) · 4 passages · 726 Chinese characters · reading time 2.9 min

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) Book 10 The record Xuanzang laid before Emperor Taizong of the Tang after seventeen years of walking through the Western Regions and India, a hundred and thirty-eight countries in all. It is the stuff from which Journey to the West was made, but what stands here is not monsters — it is the compass and the climate and the speech and the faith of one country after another. The road runs two hundred years after Faxian and eighty years before Hyecho.

迦摩縷波國周萬餘里,國大都城周三十餘里。土地泉濕,稼穡時播。般娑果、那羅雞羅果,其樹雖多,彌復珍貴。河流湖陂,交帶城邑。氣序和暢,風俗淳質。人形卑小。容貌黧黑。語言少異中印度。性甚獷暴,志存強學,宗事天神,不信佛法。故自佛興以迄於今,尚未建立伽藍,招集僧侶。其有凈信之徒,但竊念而已。天祠數百,異道數萬。

The country of Jiamolupo is more than ten thousand li around. The great capital city of the country is more than thirty li around. The land has many springs and is damp, and they sow and reap in season. The bansuo fruit and the naluojiluo fruit grow on many trees, yet they are prized and costly all the more. River streams and lakes and ponds gird the cities and towns like a belt. The climate is mild and clear, and the customs are simple and plain. The people are small and low in form, and their faces are dark. Their speech differs a little from Central India. They are very rough and fierce by nature, but their will is set on studying hard. They take the gods of heaven for their masters and serve them, and they do not believe in the Law of the Buddha. So from the rising of the Buddha down to this day no monastery has yet been raised there and no monks gathered. Those who have a pure faith only think on it in secret. There are several hundred temples of the gods and several tens of thousands of followers of other ways.

2The monk of the Tang whom King Jumoluo called

今王本那羅延天之祚胤,婆羅門之種也,字婆塞羯羅伐摩,號拘摩羅。自據疆土,奕葉君臨,逮於今王,歷千世矣。君上好學,眾庶從化,遠方高才,慕義客遊。雖不淳信佛法,然敬高學沙門。初,聞有至那國沙門在摩揭陁那爛陁僧伽藍,自遠方來,學佛深法,殷勤往復者再三,未從來命。時屍羅跋陁羅論師曰:「欲報佛恩,當弘正法,子其行矣,勿憚遠涉。拘摩羅王世宗外道,今請沙門,斯善事也。因茲改轍,福利弘遠。子昔起廣大心,發弘誓願,孤遊異域,遺身求法,普濟含靈,豈徒鄉國?宜忘得喪,勿拘榮辱,宣揚聖教,開導群迷,先物後身,忘名弘法。」於是辭不獲免,遂與使偕行,而會見焉。拘摩羅王曰:「雖則不才,常慕高學,聞名雅尚,敢事延請。」曰:「寡能褊智,猥蒙流聽。」拘摩羅王曰:「善哉!慕法好學,顧身若浮,逾越重險,遠遊異域。斯則王化所由,國風尚學。今印度諸國多有歌頌摩訶至那國《秦王破陣樂》者,聞之久矣,豈大德之鄉國耶?」曰:「然。此歌者,美我君之德也。」拘摩羅王曰:「不意大德是此國人,常慕風化,東望已久,山川道阻,無由自致。」曰:「我大君聖德遠洽,仁化遐被,殊俗異域拜闕稱臣者眾矣。」拘摩羅王曰:「覆載若斯,心冀朝貢。今戒日王在羯朱嗢祇羅國,將設大施,崇樹福慧,五印度沙門、婆羅門有學業者,莫不召集。今遣使來請,願與同行。」於是遂往焉。

The present king is a descendant of the god Naluoyan and is of the Brahman stock. His name is Posaijieluofamo and his title is Jumoluo. Since he took the land for himself his house has ruled age after age, and down to the present king a thousand generations have passed. The lord above loves learning, and the common people follow his teaching, and men of high ability from far regions long for his sense of right and come to him as guests. Though he does not believe in the Law of the Buddha with a pure heart, he reveres monks of high learning. At first he heard that a monk of the country of Zhina was at the monastery of Nalantuo in Mojietuo, who had come from a far region and was studying the deep Law of the Buddha, and he went back and forth two and three times with earnest asking, but the monk did not follow his call. At that time the master of debate Shiluobatuoluo said, "If you would repay the kindness of the Buddha, you must spread the true Law. Go, and do not shrink from the long crossing. King Jumoluo and his house have taken other ways for their masters, and now he asks for a monk. This is a good thing. If by this his road is changed, the blessing and the profit will be wide and far. Long ago you raised a great and wide heart and made a broad vow, and you wandered alone in a strange land and gave up your body to seek the Law. It was to save all living beings. How could it have been for your home country alone? You should forget gain and loss and not be bound by honor or shame, but spread the holy teaching abroad and open a way for the crowds that are lost. Put others first and yourself behind. Forget your name and make the Law wide." So he could not get free by refusing, and at last he went with the messenger and met the king. King Jumoluo said, "Though I have no gifts, I have always longed for high learning, and hearing your name I held it in honor, and so I made bold to ask you to come." He answered, "My ability is small and my wisdom is narrow, and it is too much that you should have listened for word of me." King Jumoluo said, "It is noble. You long for the Law and love learning. You look on your body as a floating thing, and you have passed over piled dangers and wandered far in a strange land. This comes from the teaching of your king, and from a country whose manner is to hold learning high. Now in the many countries of India there are many who sing the Qinwang pozhen yue of the country of Mohezhina, and I have heard of it for a long time. Is that not the home country of your great virtue?" He answered, "It is so. That song praises the virtue of our lord." King Jumoluo said, "I did not think that your great virtue was a man of that country. I have always longed for its manners and its teaching and have looked east for a long time, but the mountains and the rivers bar the road, and I have had no way to reach it myself." He answered, "The holy virtue of our great lord soaks far and his kind teaching is spread wide, and in strange customs and other lands many bow at his gate and call themselves his servants." King Jumoluo said, "If he covers and carries all in such a way, my heart wishes to send him tribute. Now King Jieri is in the country of Jiezhuwaqiluo and is about to make a great giving and to raise high his blessing and his wisdom, and of the monks and the Brahmans of the five Indias who have learning there is not one whom he has not called and gathered. Now he has sent a messenger to ask for me, and I would have you go with me." So at last he went.

Interlinear notes 2

唐言日胄。

In the language of the Tang it is Rizhou.

唐言童子。

In the language of the Tang it is Tongzi.

3The place that touches the southwest border of Shu

此國東山阜連接,無大國都,境接西南夷,故其人類蠻獠矣。詳問土俗,可二月行,入蜀西南之境。然山川險阻,嶂氣氛沴,毒蛇毒草,為害滋甚。國之東南野象群暴,故此國中象軍特盛。

East of this country the hills and mounds run on together, and there is no capital of a great country. Its border touches the tribes of the southwest, so its people are of a kind with the Man and the Liao. When one asks closely about the customs of the place, it is said that about two months of travel brings one into the southwest border of Shu. But the mountains and the rivers are steep and barred, and a fog of sickness gathers on the ridges, and poisonous snakes and poisonous plants do harm that grows very great. In the southeast of the country wild elephants are fierce in herds, so in this country the elephant troops are especially strong.

從此南行千二三百里,至三摩呾咤國。

From here one goes south a thousand two or three hundred li and comes to the country of Sanmodazha.

Interlinear notes 1

東印度境。

It is the border of East India.