Yetgeul › Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) › Book 12

The Country of Caojuzha漕矩咤國

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) 大唐西域記 · Xuanzang · compiled by Bianji · 646 (Tang, 20th year of the Zhenguan era) · 3 passages · 395 Chinese characters · reading time 1.6 min

Da Tang Xiyu Ji (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) Book 12 The record Xuanzang laid before Emperor Taizong of the Tang after seventeen years of walking through the Western Regions and India, a hundred and thirty-eight countries in all. It is the stuff from which Journey to the West was made, but what stands here is not monsters — it is the compass and the climate and the speech and the faith of one country after another. The road runs two hundred years after Faxian and eighty years before Hyecho.

漕矩咤國周七千餘里。國大都城號鶴悉那,周三十餘里,或都鶴薩羅城,城周三十餘里,並堅峻險固也。山川隱軫,疇壟爽塏。穀稼時播,宿麥滋豐。草木扶疏,花果茂盛,宜郁金香,出興瞿草,草生羅摩印度川。鶴薩羅城中踴泉流派,國人利之,以溉田也。氣序寒烈,霜雪繁多。人性輕躁,情多詭詐。好學藝,多伎術,聰而不明,日誦數萬言。文字言辭,異於諸國。多飾虛談,少成事實。雖祀百神,敬崇三寶。伽藍數百所,僧徒萬餘人,並皆習學大乘法教。今王淳信,累葉承統,務興勝福,敏而好學。無憂王所建窣堵波十餘所。

The country of Caojuzha is more than seven thousand li around. The great capital city of the country is called Hexina, and it is more than thirty li around; sometimes the capital is the city of Hesaluo, and that city is more than thirty li around. Both are firm and steep and strong and hard to take. Its mountains and rivers lie ranged one after another, and its fields and ridges are open and high. Grain is sown in its season, and winter wheat grows thick and plentiful. Grass and trees spread luxuriantly, and flowers and fruits are rich and thriving. The land suits saffron, and it yields xingqu grass, which grows in the river valley of Luomo Yindu. In the city of Hesaluo springs well up and flow off in branches, and the people of the country make use of them and water their fields with them. The seasons are cold and harsh, and frost and snow are many. The nature of the people is light and hasty, and their hearts are full of guile. They are fond of learning and the arts, and they have many skills and devices. They are quick but not clear, and they recite tens of thousands of words a day. Their writing and their speech differ from those of other countries. They dress up empty talk much and bring little to pass in fact. Though they sacrifice to a hundred gods, they honor the Three Jewels. There are several hundred monasteries and more than ten thousand monks, and all of them study the Law and teaching of the Greater Vehicle. The king who now reigns believes with a simple heart. He has taken up the succession through many generations, and he works to raise up excellent blessings, and he is quick of mind and fond of learning. There are more than ten stupas built by King Wuyou.

2The company that serves the god Zhuna

天祠數十,異道雜居,計多外道,其徒極盛,宗事䅳那天。其天神昔自迦畢試國阿路猱山徙居此國南界䅳那呬羅山中,作威作福,為暴作惡。信求者遂願,輕蔑者遭殃,故遠近宗仰,上下祗懼。鄰國異俗君臣僚庶,每歲喜辰不期而會,或賫金銀奇寶,或以牛馬馴畜,競興貢奉,俱伸誠素。所以金銀布地,羊馬滿谷,無敢覬覦,唯修施奉。宗事外道,克心苦行,天神授其咒術,外道遵行多效,治療疾病,頗蒙痊愈。

There are several tens of temples of the gods, and followers of other ways live mixed among them. If one counts them, the followers of other ways are many and their company is very strong, and they serve the god Zhuna as their highest. Long ago that god moved from Mount Alunao in the country of Jiabishi to Mount Zhunaxiluo in the southern border of this country. There he works his might and makes his blessings, and he is violent and does evil. Those who believe and ask of him have their wish granted, and those who slight him meet disaster, and so from far and near men look up to him as highest, and high and low alike are afraid of him. The rulers and ministers and officers and common people of the neighboring countries, who have other customs, gather every year on a day of rejoicing without setting a time. Some bring gold and silver and rare treasures, some bring oxen and horses and tame beasts, and they vie in offering them up, and all of them show their sincerity. So gold and silver lie spread on the ground and sheep and horses fill the valleys, and no one dares covet them. They only practice giving and making offerings. When those who serve the followers of other ways as highest hold their hearts firm and do hard penance, the god gives them the art of spells, and when the followers of other ways follow it and work it there is much effect, and they treat sickness and it is often healed.

Interlinear notes 1

鋤句反,下同。

Its sound is spelled with chu (鋤) and ju (句). The same holds below.

從此北行五百餘里,至弗栗恃薩儻那國。

Going north from here more than five hundred li, one reaches the country of Fulishisadangna.