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The kingdom of Langyaxiu狼牙脩國

Liang Shu Zhuyi Zhuan (Accounts of the Various Foreign Peoples in the Book of Liang) 梁書 諸夷傳 · Yao Silian · 636 (Tang, 10th year of the Zhenguan era) · 2 passages · 463 Chinese characters · reading time 1.9 min

Liang Shu Zhuyi Zhuan (Accounts of the Various Foreign Peoples in the Book of Liang) Complete in one volume Thirty-six kingdoms as the Liang of the Southern dynasties saw them. The memorial in which King Muryeong of Baekje announced that his land had become a strong kingdom once more; the record in which Silla first appears under its own name; the tale of the Buddha's hair and the stupa of King Ashoka; and the legends from the far end of the sea, of Fusang and the Kingdom of Women — from the Southern Sea to the Western Regions, this is the broadest of all the accounts of the various foreign peoples.

1The kingdom of Langyaxiu

狼牙脩國,在南海中。其界東西三十日行,南北二十日行,去廣州二萬四千里。土氣物產與扶南略同,偏多𥴈沉婆律香等。其俗男女皆袒而被髮,以吉貝爲干縵。其王及貴臣乃加雲霞布覆胛,以金繩爲絡帶,金鐶貫耳。女子則被布,以瓔珞繞身。其國累磚爲城,重門樓閣。王出乘象,有幡毦旗鼓,罩白蓋,兵衛甚設。國人說,立國以來四百餘年,後嗣衰弱,王族有賢者,國人歸之。王聞知,乃加囚執,其鏁無故自斷,王以爲神,因不敢害,乃斥逐出境,遂奔天竺,天竺妻以長女。俄而狼牙王死,大臣迎還爲王。二十餘年死,子婆伽達多立。天監十四年,遣使阿撤多奉表曰:「大吉天子足下:離淫怒癡,哀愍衆生,慈心無量。端嚴相好,身光明朗,如水中月,普照十方。眉間白毫,其白如雪,其色照曜,亦如月光。諸天善神之所供養,以垂正法寶,梵行衆增,莊嚴都邑。城閣高峻,如乾陁山。樓觀羅列,道途平正。

The kingdom of Langyaxiu (狼牙脩國) lies in the Southern Sea. Its territory is thirty days' journey from east to west and twenty days' journey from south to north, and it is twenty-four thousand li from Guangzhou. Its climate and its products are much the same as those of Funan, but it has a great deal of zanxiang, chenxiang and polü incense. By custom men and women alike go bare above the waist and wear their hair loose, and they make ganman wraps of jibei cotton. The king and his honored ministers add a cloud-and-haze cloth over the shoulders, take a golden cord for a belt, and pass gold rings through their ears. The women wrap themselves in cloth and wind strings of jewels about the body. In that kingdom they pile bricks to make the city wall, with double gates and towered halls. When the king goes out he rides an elephant. There are banners, feather pennons and drums, and a white canopy is held over him, and the guard about him is very strict. The people of the country say that four hundred years and more after the kingdom was founded the royal line grew weak, and there was a worthy man of the royal house to whom the people of the country turned. When the king learned of it he had him seized and shut up, but the chains broke of themselves for no reason. The king took him for a spirit and dared not harm him, and drove him out beyond the borders. So he fled to Tianzhu, and Tianzhu gave him its eldest daughter to wife. Before long the king of Langya died, and the great ministers welcomed him back and made him king. After twenty years and more he died, and his son Pojiadaduo ascended the throne. In the fourteenth year of Tianjian he sent the envoy Acheduo to bear a memorial, which said: "To the greatly blessed Son of Heaven. You have put away lust and anger and folly, you pity living beings, and your compassionate heart is without measure. Upright and majestic are your marks, and the light of your body is bright and clear, like the moon in water, shining everywhere through the ten directions. The white hair between your brows is white as snow, and its color gleams, again like the light of the moon. The gods and the good spirits make offering to you. You let down the treasure of the true law, the company of those in pure conduct grows, and the capital is adorned. Walls and towers stand high and steep, like Mount Qiantuo. Towers and terraces stand in rows, and the roads are level and straight.

2The memorial of Pojiadaduo

人民熾盛,快樂安穩。著種種衣,猶如天服。於一切國,爲極尊勝。天王愍念羣生,民人安樂,慈心深廣,律儀清淨,正法化治,供養三寶,名稱宣揚,佈滿世界,百姓樂見,如月初生。譬如梵王,世界之主,人天一切,莫不歸依。敬禮大吉天子足下,猶如現前,忝承先業,慶嘉無量。今遣使問訊大意。欲自往,復畏大海風波不達。今奉薄獻,願大家曲垂領納。」

The people are many and thriving, glad and at peace. They wear clothes of every kind, like the garments of heaven, and among all kingdoms yours is the most honored and excellent. The heavenly king pities the multitude of the living, and the people are at ease and glad. His compassionate heart is deep and wide, his keeping of the precepts clear and clean. He governs and teaches by the true law and makes offering to the Three Treasures. His name is spread abroad and fills the world, and the people delight to look on him as on the new moon. He is like Brahma, the lord of the world, and among men and gods there is none who does not take refuge in him. I bow in reverence at the feet of the greatly blessed Son of Heaven as though he were before my eyes. Unworthy, I have received the work of my forebears, and my blessings are without measure. Now I send an envoy to ask after his great intent. I would go myself, but I fear the wind and waves of the great sea and that I would not arrive. Now I offer these slight gifts, and I pray that Your Greatness will bend down and receive them."