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The kingdom of Poli婆利國

Liang Shu Zhuyi Zhuan (Accounts of the Various Foreign Peoples in the Book of Liang) 梁書 諸夷傳 · Yao Silian · 636 (Tang, 10th year of the Zhenguan era) · 2 passages · 566 Chinese characters · reading time 2.3 min

Liang Shu Zhuyi Zhuan (Accounts of the Various Foreign Peoples in the Book of Liang) Complete in one volume Thirty-six kingdoms as the Liang of the Southern dynasties saw them. The memorial in which King Muryeong of Baekje announced that his land had become a strong kingdom once more; the record in which Silla first appears under its own name; the tale of the Buddha's hair and the stupa of King Ashoka; and the legends from the far end of the sea, of Fusang and the Kingdom of Women — from the Southern Sea to the Western Regions, this is the broadest of all the accounts of the various foreign peoples.

1The kingdom of Poli

婆利國,在廣州東南海中洲上,去廣州二月日行。國界東西五十日行,南北二十日行。有一百三十六聚。土氣暑熱,如中國之盛夏。穀一歲再熟,草木常榮。海出文螺、紫貝。有石名蚶貝羅,初采之柔軟,及刻削爲物幹之,遂大堅強。其國人披吉貝如帊,及爲都縵。王乃用班絲布,以瓔珞繞身,頭著金冠高尺餘,形如弁,綴以七寶之飾,帶金裝劍,偏坐金高坐,以銀蹬支足。侍女皆爲金花雜寶之飾,或持白毦拂及孔雀扇。王出,以象駕輿,輿以雜香爲之,上施羽蓋珠簾,其導從吹螺擊鼓。王姓憍陳如,自古未通中國。問其先及年數,不能記焉,而言白淨王夫人卽其國女也。

The kingdom of Poli (婆利國) lies on an island in the sea southeast of Guangzhou, two months' journey from Guangzhou. The territory of the kingdom is fifty days' journey from east to west and twenty days' journey from south to north, and it has a hundred and thirty-six settlements. The climate is hot, like the height of summer in China. Grain ripens twice in a year, and the grasses and trees are always in leaf. From the sea come patterned conches and purple cowries. There is a stone called hanbeiluo (蚶貝羅). When it is first taken it is soft, but when it has been carved into things and dried it grows very hard. The people of the country drape jibei cotton about them like a wrapper, and they also make duman wraps. The king uses banshi cloth (班絲布) and winds strings of jewels about his body. On his head he wears a gold crown more than a foot high, shaped like a cap and set with ornaments of the seven treasures. He wears a sword mounted in gold, sits to one side on a high golden seat, and rests his feet on a silver footstool. The waiting women all wear gold flowers and ornaments of many jewels, and some hold white feather whisks or peacock fans. When the king goes out he rides a palanquin drawn by elephants. The palanquin is made of fragrant woods of many kinds, and above it are set a feathered canopy and a curtain of beads, and those who lead him and those who follow him blow conches and beat drums. The king's surname is Jiaochenru, and from of old the kingdom has had no dealings with China. When they are asked about their forebears and the number of the years they cannot remember, but they say that the wife of King Baijing (白淨王) was a daughter of that kingdom.

2The memorial of the king of Poli

天監十六年,遣使奉表曰:「伏承聖王信重三寶,興立塔寺,校飾莊嚴,周遍國土。四衢平坦,清淨無穢;臺殿羅列,狀若天宮;壯麗微妙,世無與等。聖主出時,四兵具足,羽儀導從,佈滿左右。都人士女,麗服光飾。市廛豊富,充積珍寶。王法清整,無相侵奪。學徒皆至,三乘競集。敷說正法,雲布雨潤。四海流通,交會萬國。長江眇漫,清泠深廣。有生咸資,莫能消穢。陰陽和暢,災厲不作。大梁揚都聖王無等,臨覆上國,有大慈悲,子育萬民。平等忍辱,怨親無二。加以周窮,無所藏積。靡不照燭,如日之明;無不受樂,猶如淨月。宰輔賢良,羣臣貞信,盡忠奉上,心無異想。伏惟皇帝是我真佛,臣是婆利國主,今敬稽首禮聖王足下,惟願大王知我此心。此心久矣,非適今也。山海阻遠,無緣自達,今故遣使獻金席等,表此丹誠。」普通三年,其王頻伽復遣使珠貝智貢白鸚鵡、青蟲、兜鍪、琉璃器、吉貝、螺杯、雜香、藥等數十種。

In the sixteenth year of Tianjian he sent an envoy to bear a memorial, which said: "Prostrate, I have learned that the holy king believes in the Three Treasures and holds them weighty, that he raises up stupas and temples, and that he adorns and arrays them throughout his land. The crossroads are level, clean and pure, without filth. Terraces and halls stand in rows, in shape like a palace of heaven, grand and fair and subtle beyond any match in the world. When the holy lord goes forth the four kinds of troops are complete, and the feathered array leads him and follows him and fills his left and his right. The men and women of the capital are in fine clothes and shining ornaments. The markets are rich, and precious things are heaped high in them. The royal law is clear and orderly, and none takes from another by force. Students all come, and the three vehicles gather in rivalry. The true law is set forth and preached, and clouds spread and rain moistens. The four seas are open and joined, and ten thousand kingdoms meet and come. The long river runs vast and far, cool and clear, deep and wide. All living things draw upon it, and none can foul it. Yin and yang are harmonious and mild, and no disaster or plague arises. The holy king of Yangdu in Great Liang is without equal and rules over the highest land. He has great compassion and rears the ten thousand people as his children. He is even-handed and bears insult, and he makes no two of enemy and friend. Moreover he helps the destitute everywhere and stores up nothing for himself. There is nothing he does not light, like the brightness of the sun, and there is nothing that does not receive joy from him, like the pure moon. His chief ministers are worthy and good, and his many officials are upright and faithful, giving their whole loyalty in service above, with no other thought in their hearts. Prostrate, I hold that the emperor is our true buddha and that I am the lord of the kingdom of Poli. Now I bow my head in reverence at the feet of the holy king, and I pray only that the great king may know this heart of mine. This heart is long-standing; it has not come to be only now. Mountains and seas stand between us and are far, and I had no way to reach him myself. Now I therefore send an envoy to offer a golden mat and other things, to show forth this red sincerity." In the third year of Putong its king Pinjia again sent the envoy Zhubeizhi to offer white parrots, green insects, helmets, glass vessels, jibei cotton, conch cups, fragrant medicines and other things, several tens of kinds.