The kingdom of Henan河南國

As for the king of Henan (河南王), his forebear came out of the Murong clan of the Xianbei. At first Murong Yiluogan had two sons. The elder, born of a concubine, was Tuyuhun, and the son of the first wife was Hui. When Luogan died, Hui succeeded to the seat, and Tuyuhun gave way to him and moved west. Hui went after him and held him back, but the oxen and horses all ran west and would not turn back, and so he moved on to Shanglong, passed Fuhan, went out southwest of Liangzhou, and came to Chishui and dwelt there. That land is south of Zhangye and west of Longxi, and it lies south of the Yellow River, and from this they took their name. Its bounds reach Leichuan on the east, border Yutian on the west, touch Gaochang on the north, and open on Qinling to the northeast, more than a thousand li square, and it is in the main the old land of the Flowing Sands (流沙). Grass and trees are scarce and water is little, and there is ice and snow in all four seasons, but in the sixth and seventh months the hail is very heavy. When it clears, the wind drives the sand and gravel and hides the daylight. In that land there is barley but no millet. There is the Blue Sea (靑海), several hundred li square, and if a mare is put out beside it she straightway bears a foal, and the people of the land call these the dragon breed (龍種), and for this reason that kingdom has many fine horses. They have houses, but they use the hundred-child tent (百子帳) among them, which is the round felt tent. They wear a robe with small sleeves and trousers narrow at the ankle, and a cap with a big crown and a long skirt. The women let down their hair and braid it.

Afterward Yeyan, the grandson of Tuyuhun, knew letters well, and he said of himself: "My great-grandfather Yiluogan was first enfeoffed as Duke of Changli, and I am the son of a duke's grandson. By the rites, the style of the grandfather is taken for the clan name of a kingdom." So he took Tuyuhun for his surname and made it the name of the kingdom as well. When it came to Achai, a later descendant of his, they first received office and rank from China. Muyan, the son of Achai's younger brother, again styled himself King of Henan at the end of the Yuanjia years of Song. Muyan died and his cousin Shiyin ascended the throne, and then they used written documents and raised walls and moats and built palaces, and the lesser kings all built houses of their own. There is the law of the Buddha in that kingdom. Shiyin died and his son Duoyihou ascended the throne, and Yihou died and his son Xiuliudai ascended the throne in his place. In the Yongming years of Qi, Dai was made Commissioner Bearing the Tally, Governor of All Military Affairs of the three provinces of Western Qin, He and Sha, General Who Guards the West, Colonel Who Protects the Qiang, and inspector of the two provinces of Western Qin and He.

When Liang arose, Dai was raised to General Who Conquers the West. Dai died and his son Xiuyunchou took over the rank. In the thirteenth year of Tianjian he sent an envoy to offer two bells of agate mounted in gold, and he also asked by memorial to raise a nine-story Buddhist temple in Yizhou, and this was allowed by edict. In the fifteenth year he sent an envoy again to offer a red dancing dragon colt and local products. His envoys came two or three times in a year, or once in two years. That land borders Yizhou, and merchants always pass between them, so that the people longed for the gain of it and many went and followed after it, and they taught them letters and served them as interpreters, and little by little they grew sharp and cunning. In the first year of Putong he offered local products again. Chou died and his son Heluozhen ascended the throne. In the third year of Datong an edict made him General Who Quiets the West, Colonel Who Protects the Qiang, and inspector of the two provinces of Western Qin and He. Zhen died and his son Fufu took over the rank, and the heir of that house sent an envoy again to offer a white dragon colt to the Crown Prince.