The kingdom of Gaochang高昌國
1The royal line of Gaochang
高昌國，闞氏爲主，其後爲河西王沮渠茂虔弟無諱襲破之，其王闞爽奔于芮芮。無諱據之稱王，一世而滅。國人又立麹氏爲王，名嘉，元魏授車騎將軍、司空公、都督秦州諸軍事、秦州刺史、金城郡開國公。在位二十四年卒，諡曰昭武王。子子堅，使持節、驃騎大將軍、散騎常侍、都督瓜州諸軍事、瓜州刺史、河西郡開國公、儀同三司高昌王嗣位。
In the kingdom of Gaochang (高昌國) the Kan clan (闞氏) were the rulers. Afterward Wuhui, the younger brother of Juqu Maoqian the King of Hexi, fell upon them and broke them, and their king Kan Shuang fled to the Ruirui (芮芮), that is, the Rouran. Wuhui held the land and called himself king, but it was destroyed after a single generation. The men of the kingdom then set up the Qu clan (麹氏) as kings, and his name was Jia, and the Yuan Wei, that is, the Northern Wei, gave him the offices of General of Chariots and Cavalry, Minister of Works, Governor of All Military Affairs of Qinzhou, Inspector of Qinzhou, and Dynasty-Founding Duke of Jincheng commandery. He died in the twenty-fourth year of his reign, and his posthumous title was King Zhaowu. His son Zijian (子堅) succeeded to the seat as Commissioner Bearing the Tally, Great General of Agile Cavalry, Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, Governor of All Military Affairs of Guazhou, Inspector of Guazhou, Dynasty-Founding Duke of Hexi commandery, Equal in Rank to the Three Excellencies, and King of Gaochang.
2The customs of Gaochang
其國蓋車師之故地也。南接河南，東連燉煌，西次龜茲，北鄰敕勒。置四十六鎮，交河、田地、高寧、臨川、橫截、柳婆、洿林、新興、由寧、始昌、篤進、白力等，皆其鎮名。官有四鎮將軍及雜號將軍、長史、司馬、門下校郎、中兵校郎、通事舍人、通事令史、諮議、校尉、主簿。國人言語與中國略同。有《五經》、歷代史、諸子集。面貌類高驪，辮髮垂之於背，著長身小袖袍、縵襠袴。女子頭髮辮而不垂，著錦纈纓珞環釧。姻有六禮。其地高燥，築土爲城，架木爲屋，土覆其上。寒暑與益州相似。備植九穀，人多噉麨及羊牛肉。出良馬、蒲陶酒、石鹽。多草木，草實如繭，繭中絲如細纑，名爲白疊子，國人多取織以爲布。布甚軟白，交市用焉。有朝烏者，旦旦集王殿前，爲行列，不畏人，日出然後散去。
That kingdom is in the main the old land of Cheshi (車師). It touches Henan on the south, joins Dunhuang on the east, comes next to Qiuci on the west, and borders the Chile on the north. Forty-six garrisons are set up, and Jiaohe, Tiandi, Gaoning, Linchuan, Hengjie, Liupo, Wulin, Xinxing, Youning, Shichang, Dujin and Baili are all names of those garrisons. Among the offices there are the Generals of the Four Garrisons and generals of lesser title, and the changshi, the sima, the menxia jiaolang, the zhongbing jiaolang, the tongshi sheren, the tongshi lingshi, the ziyi, the jiaowei and the zhubu. The speech of the people of that kingdom is much the same as that of China. They have the Five Classics, the histories of the successive ages, and the collected writings of the various masters. Their faces are like those of Goguryeo. They braid their hair and let it hang down the back, and they wear a robe long in the body with small sleeves, and trousers broad in the seat. The women braid their hair but do not let it hang, and they wear brocade headbands with jeweled pendants and rings and bracelets. In marriage they have the six rites. That land is high and dry. They pile up earth to make city walls, and they frame wood to make houses and cover them over with earth. The cold and the heat are like those of Yizhou. They plant all nine grains, and the people eat much parched barley meal and the flesh of sheep and oxen. Fine horses, grape wine and rock salt come from there. There are many plants and trees, and there is a plant whose fruit is like a silkworm cocoon, and the thread within the cocoon is like fine hemp yarn, and it is named baidiezi (白疊子). The people of that kingdom take much of it and weave it into cloth, and the cloth is very soft and white and is used in the market. There is a bird called the chaowu (朝烏), which gathers every morning before the king's hall and stands in rows and does not fear men, and when the sun rises it scatters and goes.
3The tribute of Zijian
大同中，子堅遣使獻鳴鹽枕、蒲陶、良馬、氍毹等物。
In the Datong years Zijian sent an envoy to offer pillows of ringing salt, grapes, fine horses, woolen rugs and other things.