Yetgeul › Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) › Annals of Silla

Naemul Isageum奈勿尼師今

Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) 三國史記 · Kim Busik and others · 1145 (Goryeo, 23rd year of King Injong) · 23 passages · 770 Chinese characters · reading time 3.1 min

Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) Annals of Silla The oldest surviving history of Korea. It is made up of the annals of Silla, Goguryeo and Baekje, together with the treatises, the tables and the biographies. Kim Busik set his own judgments here and there in passages marked as his comment, so what the compiler doubted and what he rebuked stands there still.

1Naemul Isageum ascends the throne

奈勿尼師今立,姓金,仇道葛文王之孫也。父,末仇角干;母,金氏休禮夫人。妃金氏,味鄒王女。訖解薨,無子,奈勿繼之。

Naemul Isageum ascended the throne. His surname was Kim, and he was a grandson of Gudo Galmunwang. His father was Malgu Gakgan, and his mother was Lady Hyurye of the house of Kim. His queen was of the house of Kim, a daughter of King Michu. Heulhae died without a son, and Naemul followed him.

Interlinear notes 2

一云那密。

He is also called Namil (那密).

末仇,味鄒尼師今兄弟也。

Malgu was a brother of Michu Isageum.

2Historian's comment — a wife is not taken from the same surname

論曰:取妻不取同姓,以厚別也。是故,魯公之取於吳,晋侯之有四姬,陳司敗、鄭子産深譏之。若新羅,則不止取同姓而已,兄弟子姑姨從姊妹,皆聘爲妻。雖外國各異俗,責之以中國之禮,則大悖矣。若匈奴之烝母報子,則又甚於此矣。

Kim Busik comments.

In taking a wife one does not take from the same surname, and this is to make the distinction firm. So when the lord of Lu took a wife from Wu, and when the marquis of Jin (晋) had four Ji women, Sibai of Chen (陳) and Zichan of Zheng blamed it deeply.

As for Silla, it did not stop at taking from the same surname. The children of brothers, aunts on the father's side and on the mother's side, and cousins, all were taken as wives. Other countries differ in their customs, it is true, but if this is blamed by the rites of China, it is greatly out of order. A thing such as the Xiongnu taking the mother to wife and taking the son's wife is worse yet than this.

3Second year — grain is given to the widowers and the widows

二年春,發使撫問鰥寡孤獨,各賜穀三斛。孝悌有異行者,賜職一級。

In the second year, in spring, envoys were sent to comfort the widowers, the widows, the orphans and the old without children, and each was given three seom of grain. Those whose filial and brotherly conduct was uncommon were given one grade of office.

4Third year — a purple cloud and divine birds

三年,春二月,親祀始祖廟。紫雲盤旋廟上,神雀集於廟庭。

In the third year, in spring, the second month, he sacrificed in person at the shrine of the founder. A purple cloud coiled above the shrine, and divine birds gathered in the shrine courtyard.

5Seventh year — the branches of a tree join

七年,夏四月。始祖廟庭樹連理。

In the seventh year, in summer, the fourth month, the tree in the courtyard of the founder's shrine joined its branches.

6Ninth year — the Wa are deceived by figures of straw

九年,夏四月,倭兵大至。王聞之,恐不可敵,造草偶人數千,衣衣持兵,列立吐含山下,伏勇士一千於斧峴東原。倭人恃衆直進,伏發擊其不意,倭人大敗走,追擊殺之幾盡。

In the ninth year, in summer, the fourth month, Wa troops (倭兵) came in great number. The king heard of it and feared that they could not be met, so he made several thousand figures of straw, clothed them and put weapons in their hands, and set them out in a line at the foot of Tohamsan. Then he hid a thousand brave men in the eastern field of Buhyeon.

The Wa (倭人) trusted their numbers and went straight on, and the hidden soldiers rose and struck where they did not look for it. The Wa were badly beaten and fled. They were pursued and struck, and almost all of them were killed.

7Eleventh year — Baekje sends an envoy

十一年,春三月,百濟人來聘。夏四月,大水,山崩十三所。

In the eleventh year, in spring, the third month, a man of Baekje came as an envoy. In summer, the fourth month, there was a great flood, and hills fell in thirteen places.

8Thirteenth year — Baekje presents fine horses

十三年春,百濟遣使,進良馬二匹。

In the thirteenth year, in spring, Baekje sent an envoy and presented two fine horses.

9Seventeenth year — the granaries are opened and shared out

十七年,春夏大旱。年荒民飢,多流亡,發使開倉廩賑之。

In the seventeenth year, in spring and summer, there was a great drought. The harvest failed and the people went hungry, and many wandered from their homes, so envoys were sent to open the granaries and share the grain out.

10Eighteenth year — the people have no settled mind

十八年,百濟禿山城主,率人三百來投,王納之,分居六部。百濟王移書曰:「兩國和好,約爲兄弟,今大王納我逃民,甚乖和親之意,非所望於大王也,請還之。」答曰:「民者無常心,故思則來,斁則去,固其所也。大王不患民之不安,而責寡人,何其甚乎?」百濟聞之,不復言。夏五月,京都雨魚。

In the eighteenth year, the lord of Doksanseong in Baekje came over with three hundred people, and the king took them in and settled them among the six divisions.

The king of Baekje sent a letter, saying, "Our two states are on good terms and have sworn to be as brothers. Now the great king has taken in our people who ran away, and this goes much against the meaning of our friendship. It is not what was hoped for from the great king. I ask that they be sent back."

The answer said, "The people have no settled mind. They come when they long for a place and they go when they are sick of it, and this is how it has always been. The great king does not trouble himself that the people are not at peace, and blames me instead. How can that be so severe?"

Baekje heard it and said no more. In summer, the fifth month, fish rained on the capital.

11Twenty-first year — a deer with one horn

二十一年,秋七月,夫沙郡進一角鹿。大有年。

In the twenty-first year, in autumn, the seventh month, Busa commandery presented a deer with one horn. The year was one of great plenty.

12Twenty-fourth year — a small sparrow bears a big bird

二十四年,夏四月,楊山有小雀,生大鳥。

In the twenty-fourth year, in summer, the fourth month, at Yangsan a small sparrow bore a big bird.

13Twenty-sixth year — Widu answers Fu Jian

二十六年,春夏旱,年荒民飢。遣衛頭入苻秦,貢方物。苻堅問衛頭曰:「卿言海東之事與古不同,何耶?」答曰:「亦猶中國,時代變革,名號改易,今焉得同?」

In the twenty-sixth year, in spring and summer, there was drought, the harvest failed and the people went hungry. Widu (衛頭) was sent to Former Qin (苻秦) to present the products of the land.

Fu Jian asked Widu, "You say that the affairs of Haedong (海東) are not as they were of old. How is that?"

He answered, "It is as in China. The ages change and are made over, and names and titles are altered. How can they be the same now?"

14Thirty-third year — the ground shakes

三十三年,夏四月,京都地震。六月,又震。冬,無氷。

In the thirty-third year, in summer, the fourth month, the ground shook in the capital. In the sixth month it shook again. In winter there was no ice.

15Thirty-fourth year — a great pestilence

三十四年,春正月,京都大疫。二月,雨土。秋七月,蝗,穀不登。

In the thirty-fourth year, in spring, the first month, a great pestilence went through the capital. In the second month earth rained down. In autumn, the seventh month, there were locusts, and the grain did not ripen.

16Thirty-seventh year — Silseong is sent to Goguryeo as a hostage

三十七年,春正月,高句麗遣使,王以高句麗強盛,送伊飡大西知子實聖爲質。

In the thirty-seventh year, in spring, the first month, Goguryeo sent an envoy. Since Goguryeo was strong, the king sent Silseong (實聖), the son of Daeseoji of the rank of ichan, to be a hostage.

17Thirty-eighth year — the Wa surround Geumseong for five days

三十八年,夏五月,倭人來圍金城,五日不解。將士皆請出戰,王曰:「今賊棄舟深入,在於死地,鋒不可當。」乃閉城門,賊無功而退。王先遣勇騎二百,遮其歸路。又遣步卒一千,追於獨山,夾擊大敗之,殺獲甚衆。

In the thirty-eighth year, in summer, the fifth month, the Wa (倭人) came and surrounded Geumseong, and for five days they did not loosen their hold. The commanders and the soldiers all asked to go out and fight, and the king said, "The enemy have left their ships and come in deep, and they stand on ground of death. Their edge cannot be met." So the gates of the fortress were shut, and the enemy drew back without gain.

The king had first sent two hundred swift horsemen to block the way of their return, and he sent a thousand foot soldiers as well, who pursued them at Doksan. They struck from both sides and beat them badly, and those killed and taken were very many.

18Fortieth year — the Malgal are beaten in the field of Siljik

四十年,秋八月,靺鞨侵北邊,出師,大敗之於悉直之原。

In the fortieth year, in autumn, the eighth month, the Malgal raided the northern border, so troops were sent out and beat them badly in the field of Siljik.

19Forty-second year — the taxes of Haseulla are remitted

四十二年,秋七月,北邊何瑟羅,旱蝗。年荒民飢,曲赦囚徒,復一年租調。

In the forty-second year, in autumn, the seventh month, there was drought and there were locusts at Haseulla on the northern border. The harvest failed and the people went hungry, so some of the prisoners were pardoned and one year's tax was remitted.

20Forty-fourth year — locusts cover the fields

四十四年,秋七月,飛蝗蔽野。

In the forty-fourth year, in autumn, the seventh month, locusts flew and covered the fields.

21Forty-fifth year — a horse kneels and weeps

四十五年,秋八月,星孛于東方。冬十月,王所嘗御內廐馬,跪膝流淚哀鳴。

In the forty-fifth year, in autumn, the eighth month, a comet appeared in the east. In winter, the tenth month, the horse of the palace stable that the king used to ride knelt down, shed tears and cried out in sorrow.

22Forty-sixth year — Silseong returns

四十六年,春夏,旱。秋七月,高句麗質子實聖還。

In the forty-sixth year, in spring and summer, there was drought. In autumn, the seventh month, Silseong, who had gone to Goguryeo as a hostage, returned.

23Forty-seventh year — the king dies

四十七年,春二月,王薨。

In the forty-seventh year, in spring, the second month, the king died.