Monographs, book three — Geography, part one雜志第三地理一

Samguk sagi, book thirty-four.

Compiled by royal command.

Monographs, book three. Geography, one.

The borders of Silla are not the same in the old records.

The Tongdian of Du You says, "Their forebears were of the stock of Jinhan. Their country lies southeast of the two countries Baekje and Goguryeo, and on the east it reaches the great sea." The Tang shu of Liu Xu says, "On the east and the south it is shut in altogether by the great sea." The Xin Tang shu of Song Qi says, "On the southeast is Japan, on the west Baekje, on the north Goguryeo, and on the south it reaches the sea." The Siyi shu of Jia Dan says, "Jinhan is east of Mahan. On the east it reaches the sea, and on the north it borders on Ye." Choe Chiwon of Silla says, "Mahan is Goguryeo, Byeonhan is Baekje, and Jinhan is Silla." These several sayings may be called near the truth.

The Xin Tang shu and the Jiu Tang shu both say, "The offspring of Byeonhan are in the land of Nangnang." The Xin Tang shu says again, "On the east it meets the tall men. The tall men are thirty feet in height, with teeth like a saw and nails like hooks, and they seize men and eat them, so Silla always keeps several thousand crossbowmen there to guard against them." These are all hearsay and empty words, and not a true record.

Look into the geography monographs of the two Han histories. They say that the commandery of Nangnang is five thousand li northeast of Luoyang, and the note says that it belongs to Youzhou and is the old state of Joseon. If so, it seems to be cut off and divided from the land of Gyerim. It is also handed down that there is a country of great men on a far island in the Eastern Sea, but no one has ever seen them. How then could there be crossbowmen guarding against them?

Look now into this. Hyeokgeose, the founder of Silla, opened the country in the first year of Wufeng of the Former Han, a gapja year. The royal capital was three thousand and seventy-five paces long and three thousand and eighteen paces broad. It had thirty-five li, and there were six bu. The name of the country was Seoyabeol (徐耶伐). Some call it Sara (斯羅), some Saro (斯盧), and some Silla (新羅). In the ninth year of King Talhae there was a marvel of a cock in Sirim, so the name was changed to Gyerim (雞林), and from this it was taken for the name of the country. In the tenth year of King Girim it was named Silla again.

At the first, in the twenty-first year of Hyeokgeose, the palace wall was built and was called Geumseong (金城). In the twenty-second year of King Pasa a fortress was built southeast of Geumseong and was called Wolseong (月城), and some call it Jaeseong (在城). It goes round one thousand and twenty-three paces. North of Sinwolseong is Manwolseong, going round one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight paces. East of Sinwolseong is Myeonghwalseong, going round one thousand nine hundred and six paces. South of Sinwolseong is Namsanseong, going round two thousand eight hundred and four paces. From the founder onward they dwelt in Geumseong, and in later ages they dwelt mostly in the two Wolseong.

At first the land lay against Goguryeo and Baekje like the teeth of a dog, and at times they were at peace with one another and at times they plundered one another. Afterward, together with the great Tang, Silla fell upon the two countries and destroyed them and settled their land, and at last nine provinces were set up.

Within the borders of the home country three provinces were set up. The place northeast of the royal city, on the road to Dangeunpo, was called Sangju (尙州). The place south of the royal city was called Yangju (良州), and the one to the west Gangju (康州). Within the borders of the old state of Baekje three provinces were set up. The mouth of Ungjin, north of the old fortress of Baekje, was called Ungju (熊州), the next to the southwest Jeonju (全州), and the next to the south Muju (武州). In the southern borders of old Goguryeo two provinces were set up. The first from the west was called Hanju (漢州), the next to the east Sakju (朔州), and the next to the east again Myeongju (溟州).

The commanderies and counties held by the nine provinces are about four hundred and fifty. The hyang, the bugok and other such places of the native speech are not set down here again in full. The breadth and the length of the land of Silla came in this to its utmost. When it declined, the government grew wild and the people were scattered, and the borders shrank day by day. The last king, Kim Bu, gave the country over to our Taejo, and his country was made Gyeongju.

Sangju was made a province when King Cheomhae took the state of Sabeol. In the eleventh year of King Beopheung, the sixth year of Putong of Liang, a gunju was set there for the first time, and it was made Sangju (上州). In the eighteenth year of King Jinheung the province was done away with. In the seventh year of King Sinmun, the third year of Chuigong of Tang, it was set up again, and a fortress was built that went round one thousand one hundred and nine paces. In the sixteenth year of King Gyeongdeok the name was changed to Sangju (尙州), and it is so to this day. It had three counties under it.

Cheonghyo-hyeon (靑驍縣) was formerly Seongnihwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Cheongni-hyeon of today. Dain-hyeon (多仁縣) was formerly Dari-hyeon, which is also called Dai. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Hwachang-hyeon (化昌縣) was formerly Jinaemiji-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear.

Yecheon-gun (醴泉郡) was formerly the commandery of Suju. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Boju of today. It had four counties under it.

Yeongan-hyeon (永安縣) was formerly Haji-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Pungsan-hyeon of today. Anin-hyeon (安仁縣) was formerly Nansan-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear. Gayu-hyeon (嘉猷縣) was formerly Geunpum-hyeon, which is also written Geonpum. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Sanyang-hyeon of today. Eunjeong-hyeon (殷正縣) was formerly Jeoga-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Eunpung-hyeon of today.

Gochang-gun (古昌郡) was formerly the commandery of Gotaya. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Andong-bu of today. It had three counties under it.

Jingnyeong-hyeon (直寧縣) was formerly Iljik-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has gone back to the old name. Ilgye-hyeon (日谿縣) was formerly Yeolhye-hyeon, which is also called Ihye. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear. Gogu-hyeon (高丘縣) was formerly Guhwa-hyeon, which is also called Gogeun. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Uiseong-bu.

Munso-gun (聞韶郡) was formerly the state of Somun. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Uiseong-bu of today. It had four counties under it.

Jinbo-hyeon (眞寶縣) was formerly Chilpahwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Boseong of today. Biok-hyeon (比屋縣) was formerly Ahwaok-hyeon, which is also called Byeongok. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Anhyeon-hyeon (安賢縣) was formerly Asihye-hyeon, which is also called Aeulhye. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Anjeong-hyeon of today. Danmil-hyeon (單密縣) was formerly Mudongmiji, which is also called Galdongmiji. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Sungseon-gun (嵩善郡) was formerly the commandery of Ilseon. In the thirty-sixth year of King Jinpyeong it was made the province of Ilseon and a gunju was set there, and in the seventh year of King Sinmun the province was done away with. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Seonju of today. It had three counties under it.

Hyoryeong-hyeon (孝靈縣) was formerly Mohye-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Where Idonghye-hyeon (尒同兮縣) is today is not clear. Gunwi-hyeon (軍威縣) was formerly Nodongmyeok-hyeon, which is also called Yeodumyeok. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Gaeryeong-gun (開寧郡) is the old small state of Gammun. In the eighteenth year of King Jinheung, the first year of Yongding of Liang, a gunju was set there and it was made the province of Cheongju, and in the time of King Jinpyeong the province was done away with. In the first year of King Munmu, Gammun-gun was set up. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had four counties under it.

Eomo-hyeon (禦侮縣) was formerly Geummul-hyeon, which is also called Eumdal. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. In Geumsan-hyeon (金山縣) King Gyeongdeok changed the names of the province and the county, and they are both so to this day. Jirye-hyeon (知禮縣) was formerly Jipumcheon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Mupung-hyeon (茂豐縣) was formerly Musan-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Yeongdong-gun (永同郡) was formerly the commandery of Gildong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Yangsan-hyeon (陽山縣) was formerly Jobicheon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Hwanggan-hyeon (黃澗縣) was formerly Sora-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Gwanseong-gun (管城郡) was formerly the commandery of Gosisan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Isan-hyeon (利山縣) was formerly Sorisan-hyeon (所利山縣). King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Hyeonjin-hyeon (縣眞縣) was formerly Adongho-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Aneup-hyeon of today.

Samnyeon-gun (三年郡) was formerly the commandery of Samnyeonsan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Boryeong-gun of today. It had two counties under it.

Cheongcheon-hyeon (淸川縣) was formerly Salmae-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Gisan-hyeon (耆山縣) was formerly Gul-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Cheongsan-hyeon of today.

Goryeong-gun (古寧郡) was formerly the state of Goryeong Gaya, and Silla took it and made it Godongnam-gun, which is also called Goreung-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Hamnyeong-gun of today. It had three counties under it.

Gaseon-hyeon (嘉善縣) was formerly Gahae-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gaeun-hyeon of today. Gwansan-hyeon (冠山縣) was formerly Gwan-hyeon, which is also called Gwanmun-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Mungyeong-hyeon of today. Hogye-hyeon (虎溪縣) was formerly Hocheuk-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Hwaryeong-gun (化寧郡) was formerly the commandery of Dapdalbi, which is also called Dapdal. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had one county under it.

Doan-hyeon (道安縣) was formerly Doryang-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Jungmo-hyeon of today.

In the fifth year of King Munmu, the second year of Linde, the lands of Sangju and Haju were divided and the province of Samnyangju was set up. In the seventh year of King Sinmun a fortress was built that went round one thousand two hundred and sixty paces. King Gyeongdeok changed the name to Yangju (良州), and it is the Yangju (梁州) of today. It had one county under it.

Heonyang-hyeon (巘陽縣) was formerly Geojihwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Gimhae-sogyeong (金海小京) is the old state of Geumgwan, which is also called the state of Garak and is also called Gaya. From Suro, the founder, down to Guhae, the king of the tenth generation, in the fourth year of Zhongdatong of Liang, the nineteenth year of King Beopheung of Silla, he led his people and came and submitted, and that land was made Geumgwan-gun. In the twentieth year of King Munmu, the first year of Yonglong, it was made a lesser capital. King Gyeongdeok changed the name to Gimhae-gyeong, and it is the Geumju of today.

Uian-gun (義安郡) was formerly the commandery of Gulja. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had three counties under it.

Chilje-hyeon (漆隄縣) was formerly Chilto-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Chirwon-hyeon of today. Happo-hyeon (合浦縣) was formerly Golpo-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Ungsin-hyeon (熊神縣) was formerly Ungji-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Milseong-gun (密城郡) was formerly the commandery of Chuhwa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had five counties under it.

Sangyak-hyeon (尙藥縣) was formerly Seohwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Yeongsan-hyeon of today. Miljin-hyeon (密津縣) was formerly Chupo-hyeon, which is also called Juksan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear. Ogusan-hyeon (烏丘山縣) was formerly Oyasan-hyeon, which is also called Gudo and is also called Oryesan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Cheongdo-gun. Hyeongsan-hyeon (荊山縣) was formerly Gyeongsan-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Cheongdo-gun. Sosan-hyeon (蘇山縣) was formerly Sorisan-hyeon (率已山縣). King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Cheongdo-gun.

Hwawang-gun (火王郡) was formerly the commandery of Bijahwa, which is also called Bisabeol. In the sixteenth year of King Jinheung a province was set there and was called Haju, and in the twenty-sixth year the province was done away with. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Changnyeong-gun of today. It had one county under it. Hyeonhyo-hyeon (玄驍縣) was formerly Churyanghwa-hyeon, which is also called Samnyanghwa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Hyeonpung-hyeon of today.

Suchang-gun (壽昌郡), where the su is also written ga, was formerly the commandery of Wihwa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Suseong-gun of today. It had four counties under it.

Daegu-hyeon (大丘縣) was formerly Dalguhwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Palli-hyeon (八里縣) was formerly Palgeori-hyeon, which is also called Bukchijangni and is also called Illi. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Palgeo-hyeon of today. Habin-hyeon (河濱縣) was formerly Dasaji-hyeon, which is also called Dapji. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Hwawon-hyeon (花園縣) was formerly Seolhwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Jangsan-gun (獐山郡) was set up as a county in the time of King Jimi, when the small state of Amnyang, which is also written Amdok, was struck and taken. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Jangsan-gun (章山郡) of today. It had three counties under it.

Haean-hyeon (解顔縣) was formerly Chiseonghwa-hyeon, which is also called Miri. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Yeoryang-hyeon (餘粮縣) was formerly Majin-hyeon, and the name is also written Miryang. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gusa-bugok of today. Jain-hyeon (慈仁縣) was formerly Nosahwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Imgo-gun (臨皐郡) was formerly the commandery of Jeoryahwa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Yeongju of today. It had five counties under it.

Jangjin-hyeon (長鎭縣) is the Jukjangi-bugok of today. Imcheon-hyeon (臨川縣) was set up as a county in the time of King Jobun, when the small state of Golhwa was struck and won. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Yeongju. Dodong-hyeon (道同縣) was formerly Dodonghwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Yeongju. Sinnyeong-hyeon (新寧縣) was formerly Sajeonghwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Minbaek-hyeon (黽白縣) was formerly Maeyeolcha-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Sinnyeong-hyeon.

Dongnae-gun (東萊郡) was formerly the commandery of Geochilsan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Dongpyeong-hyeon (東平縣) was formerly Daejeung-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Gijang-hyeon (機張縣) was formerly Gaphwaryanggok-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Dongan-gun (東安郡) was formerly the commandery of Saengseoryang. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. It had one county under it. Upung-hyeon (虞風縣) was formerly Uhwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Ulju.

Imgwan-gun (臨關郡) was formerly the commandery of Mohwa, and the name is also written Munhwa. King Seongdeok built a fortress there to block the road of the Japanese robbers. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. It had two counties under it. Dongjin-hyeon (東津縣) was formerly Yulpo-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Ulju. Hagok-hyeon (河曲縣), where the gok is also written seo, was set up as a county in the time of King Pasa, when the village of Gurahwa was taken. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Ulju of today.

Uichang-gun (義昌郡) was formerly the commandery of Toehwa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Heunghae-gun of today. It had six counties under it.

Angang-hyeon (安康縣) was formerly Bihwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Girip-hyeon (鬐立縣) was formerly Jidap-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Janggi-hyeon of today. Singwang-hyeon (神光縣) was formerly Dongingeum-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Imjeong-hyeon (臨汀縣) was formerly Geunoji-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Yeongil-hyeon of today. Gigye-hyeon (杞溪縣) was formerly Mohye-hyeon, which is also called Hwagye. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Eumjeuphwa-hyeon (音汁火縣) was set up as a county in the time of King Pasa, when the state of Eumjeupbeol was taken, and today it has been joined to Angang-hyeon.

Daeseong-gun (大城郡) was formerly the three fortresses within the bounds of Gudoseong, that is Sorisanseong, Gasan-hyeon, which is also called Gyeongsanseong, and Odosanseong, and today it has been joined to Cheongdo-gun. Yakjang-hyeon (約章縣) was formerly Akji-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. Donggi-jeong (東畿停) was formerly Moji-jeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju.

Sangseong-gun (商城郡) was formerly the commandery of Seohyeongsan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju.

Namgi-jeong (南畿停) was formerly Dopumhye-jeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. Junggi-jeong (中畿停) was formerly Geunnae-jeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. Seogi-jeong (西畿停) was formerly Duryangmiji-jeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. Bukgi-jeong (北畿停) was formerly Ugok-jeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju. Magya-jeong (莫耶停) was formerly Gwanaryangji-jeong, which is also called Bugaryang. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has been joined to Gyeongju.

Gangju (康州) — in the fifth year of King Sinmun, the first year of Chuigong of Tang, the province of Geotaju was divided and the province of Cheongju was set up. King Gyeongdeok changed the name to Gangju, and it is the Jinju of today. It had two counties under it.

Gasu-hyeon (嘉壽縣) was formerly Gajuhwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Where Gulchon-hyeon (屈村縣) is today is not clear.

Namhae-gun (南海郡) is where King Sinmun first set up Jeonyasan-gun, and it is an island in the sea. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Nanpo-hyeon (蘭浦縣) was formerly Naepo-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Pyeongsan-hyeon (平山縣) was formerly Pyeongseosan-hyeon, which is also called Seopyeong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Hadong-gun (河東郡) was formerly the commandery of Handasa. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had three counties under it.

Seongnyang-hyeon (省良縣) is the Geumnyang-bugok of today. Agyang-hyeon (嶽陽縣) was formerly Sodasa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Haeup-hyeon (河邑縣) was formerly Pochon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear.

Goseong-gun (固城郡) was formerly the commandery of Goja. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had three counties under it.

Where Munhwaryang-hyeon (蚊火良縣) is today is not clear. Sasu-hyeon (泗水縣) was formerly Samul-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Saju of today. Sangseon-hyeon (尙善縣) was formerly Ilseon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Yeongseon-hyeon of today.

Haman-gun (咸安郡) is where King Beopheung destroyed the state of Asiryang, which is also called Anagaya, with a great army, and made that land a county. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Hyeonmu-hyeon (玄武縣) was formerly Sosam-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Sosam-bugok of today. Uiryeong-hyeon (宜寧縣) was formerly Jangham-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Geoje-gun (巨濟郡) is where King Munmu first set up Sang-gun, and it is an island in the sea. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had three counties under it.

Aju-hyeon (鵝洲縣) was formerly Georo-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Myeongjin-hyeon (溟珍縣) was formerly Maejini-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Namsu-hyeon (南垂縣) was formerly Songbyeon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has gone back to the old name.

Gwolseong-gun (闕城郡) was formerly the commandery of Gwolji. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gangseong-hyeon of today. It had two counties under it.

Daneup-hyeon (丹邑縣) was formerly Jeokchon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Dangye-hyeon of today. Saneum-hyeon (山陰縣) was formerly Jipumcheon-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Cheollyeong-gun (天嶺郡) was formerly the commandery of Sokham. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Hamyang-gun of today. It had two counties under it.

Unbong-hyeon (雲峰縣) was formerly Mosan-hyeon, which is also called Ayeongseong and is also called Amakseong. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Ian-hyeon (利安縣) was formerly Mari-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day.

Geochang-gun (居昌郡) was formerly the commandery of Geoyeol, which is also called Geota. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Yeoseon-hyeon (餘善縣) was formerly Namnae-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gameum-hyeon of today. Hameum-hyeon (咸陰縣) was formerly Gaso-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and today it has gone back to the old name.

Goryeong-gun (高靈郡) was formerly the state of Daegaya. From Ijinasi, the founder, who is also called Naejinjuji, down to King Doseolji there were sixteen generations in all and five hundred and twenty years, and King Jinheung the Great fell upon it and destroyed it and made that land Daegaya-gun. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. It had two counties under it.

Yaro-hyeon (冶爐縣) was formerly Jeokhwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Sinbok-hyeon (新復縣) was formerly Gasihye-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear.

Gangyang-gun (江陽郡) was formerly the commandery of Daeryangju, and in the name the ryang is also written ya. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Hapju of today. It had three counties under it.

Samgi-hyeon (三岐縣) was formerly Samji-hyeon, which is also called Majang. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is so to this day. Palgye-hyeon (八谿縣) was formerly Chopalhye-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Chogye-hyeon of today. Uisang-hyeon (宜桑縣) was formerly Sini-hyeon, which is also called the village of Juo and is also called Cheonju-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Sinbeon-hyeon of today.

Seongsan-gun (星山郡) was formerly the commandery of Illi, which is also called the commandery of Isan. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gari-hyeon of today. It had four counties under it.

Sudong-hyeon (壽同縣) was formerly Sadonghwa-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear. Gyeja-hyeon (谿子縣) was formerly Daemok-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Yangmok-hyeon of today. Sinan-hyeon (新安縣) was formerly Bonpi-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and it is the Gyeongsan-bu of today. Dosan-hyeon (都山縣) was formerly Jeoksan-hyeon. King Gyeongdeok changed the name, and where it is today is not clear.

Samguk sagi, book thirty-four.