Insight and Judgment世説新語 識鑒第七

《續漢書》曰：「玄字公祖，梁國睢陽人。少治禮及《嚴氏春秋》。累遷尚書令。玄嚴明有才略，長於知人。初，魏武帝爲諸生，未知名也，玄甚異之。」《魏書》曰：「玄見太祖曰：『吾見士多矣，未有若君者！天下將亂，非命世之才不能濟也。能安之者，其在君乎？』」按，《世語》曰：「玄謂太祖：『君未有名，可交許子將。』太祖乃造子將，子將納焉。」孫盛《雜語》曰：「太祖嘗問許子將：『我何如人？』固問，然後子將答曰：『治世之能臣，亂世之姦雄。』太祖大笑。」《世説》所言謬矣。

The Xu Han shu says, "Xuan's courtesy name was Gongzu; he was a man of Suiyang in Liang. In his youth he studied the Rites and the Yan Family's Chunqiu. Through one post after another he rose to Director of the Department of State Affairs. Xuan was strict and clear-sighted, he had talent and judgment, and he excelled at knowing men. At first, when Emperor Wu of Wei was one student among many and was not yet known, Xuan thought him quite remarkable." The Wei shu says, "Xuan saw Taizu and said, 'I have seen many gentlemen, and there has been none like you. The realm is about to fall into disorder, and without a talent famed in his age it cannot be saved. The one who can bring it peace, will he not be you?'" On examination: the Shiyu says, "Xuan said to Taizu, 'You have no name yet; you would do well to make friends with Xu Zijiang.' Taizu then called on Zijiang, and Zijiang took him in." Sun Sheng's Zayu says, "Taizu once asked Xu Zijiang, 'What kind of man am I?' He pressed the question, and only then did Zijiang answer, 'An able minister in an age of order, a treacherous hero in an age of disorder.' Taizu laughed aloud." What the Shishuo says is mistaken.

《魏志》曰：「潛字文行，河東人。避亂荊州，劉表待之賓客禮。潛私謂王粲、司馬芝曰：『劉牧非霸王之才，而欲以西伯自處，其敗無日矣！』遂南渡，適長沙。」

The Wei zhi says, "Qian's courtesy name was Wenxing; he was a man of Hedong. He fled the disorder to Jingzhou, and Liu Biao treated him with the courtesy due a guest. Qian said privately to Wang Can and Sima Zhi, 'Governor Liu has not the talent of a hegemon king, yet he would set himself up as the Earl of the West. His ruin is only days away.' He then crossed south and went to Changsha."

《魏略》曰：「鄧颺字玄茂，南陽宛人，鄧禹之後也。少得士名。明帝時爲中書郎，以與李勝等爲浮華被斥。正始中，遷侍中尚書。爲人好貨，臧艾以父妾與颺，得顯官，京師爲之語曰：『以官易富鄧玄茂。』何晏選不得人，頗由颺，以黨曹爽誅。」

The Wei lüe says, "Deng Yang's courtesy name was Xuanmao; he was a man of Wan in Nanyang and a descendant of Deng Yu. In his youth he won the name of a gentleman. In Emperor Ming's time he was a gentleman of the secretariat, and with Li Sheng and others he was cast out as showy and shallow. In the Zhengshi years he moved to be palace attendant and secretariat officer. By nature he loved goods. Zang Ai gave him his father's concubine and got a prominent office, and in the capital they said of it, 'Deng Xuanmao, who traded office for wealth.' That He Yan failed to get the right men in his selections was largely owing to Deng Yang. He was put to death as one of Cao Shuang's faction."

《史記》曰：「相如以功大拜上卿，位在廉頗右。頗怒，欲辱之。相如毎稱疾，望見，引車避匿。其舍人欲去之，相如曰：『夫以秦王之威而吾廷叱之，何畏廉將軍哉？顧秦彊趙弱，秦以吾二人故不敢加兵於趙。今兩虎鬥，勢不倶生，吾以公家急而後私讎也。』頗聞，謝罪。」

The Shi ji says, "Xiangru, because his merit was great, was appointed chief minister, and his place was above Lian Po. Po was angry and wished to shame him. Xiangru always pleaded illness, and when he saw him in the distance he turned his carriage aside and hid. His retainers wished to leave him, and Xiangru said, 'With all the awe of the king of Qin, I rebuked him in his own court. Why should I fear General Lian? It is only that Qin is strong and Zhao is weak, and Qin dares not send troops against Zhao because of the two of us. If two tigers fight now, by the force of things they cannot both live. I put the state's urgent need first and my private quarrel after.' Po heard this and begged pardon for his fault."

《傅子》曰：「是時何晏以才辯顯於貴戚之閒，鄧颺好交通，合徒黨，鬻聲名於閭閻，夏侯玄以貴臣子，少有重名，皆求交於嘏，嘏不納也。嘏友人荀粲有淸識遠志，然猶勸嘏結交云。」

The Fuzi says, "At this time He Yan was prominent among the noble kinsmen for his talent and his gift for argument, Deng Yang loved to get about and make connections, gathered a faction, and sold his name in the lanes, and Xiahou Xuan, as the son of a noble minister, had a weighty name while still young. All of them sought Fu Gu's friendship, and Fu Gu would not have them. Fu Gu's friend Xun Can had clear discernment and far-reaching purpose, yet even he urged Fu Gu to make the tie."

《史記》曰：「孫武，齊人。呉起，衞人。並善兵法。」《竹林七賢論》曰：「咸寧中，呉既平，上將爲桃林、華山之事，息役弭兵，示天下以大安。於是州郡悉去兵，大郡置武吏百人，小郡五十人。時京師猶講武，山濤因論孫呉用兵本意。濤爲人常簡默，蓋以爲國者不可以忘戰，故及之。」《名士傳》曰：「濤居魏晉之閒，無所標明，嘗與尚書盧欽言及用兵本意。武帝聞之，曰：『山少傅名言也。』」

The Shi ji says, "Sun Wu was a man of Qi and Wu Qi was a man of Wei, and both were skilled in the art of war." The Zhulin qixian lun says, "In the Xianning years, when Wu had been subdued, His Majesty was about to do as was done at Peach Grove and Mount Hua, resting the levies and laying arms down, to show the realm a great peace. Then the provinces and commanderies all did away with their troops; a large commandery kept a hundred military clerks and a small one fifty. At that time the capital was still holding reviews of arms, and Shan Tao took the occasion to discuss what Sun Wu and Wu Qi first meant by the use of troops. Shan Tao was by nature plain and silent, and it was because he held that a state must not forget war that he came to speak of it." The Mingshi zhuan says, "Shan Tao lived between Wei and Jin and set nothing forth openly, but he once spoke with the secretariat officer Lu Qin about what the use of troops first meant. Emperor Wu heard of it and said, 'These are famous words from Shan, the junior mentor.'"

《竹林七賢論》曰：「永寧之後，諸王構禍，狡虜欻起，皆如濤言。」《名士傳》曰：「王夷甫推歎濤『晻晻爲與道合，其深不可測』。皆此類也。」

The Zhulin qixian lun says, "After the Yongning years the several princes wove disaster and crafty barbarians suddenly rose, all as Tao had said." The Mingshi zhuan says, "Wang Yifu praised Tao with a sigh: 'Darkly, darkly he meets with the Way, and his depth cannot be sounded.' All such sayings are of this kind."

《晉陽秋》曰：「夷甫父乂，有簡書，將免官，夷甫年十七，見所繼從舅羊祜，申陳事狀，辭甚俊偉。祜不然之，夷甫拂衣而起。祜顧謂賓客曰：『此人必將以盛名處當世大位，然敗俗傷化者，必此人也！』」《漢晉春秋》曰：「初，羊祜以軍法欲斬王戎，夷甫又忿祜言其必敗，不相貴重。天下爲之語曰：『二王當朝，世人莫敢稱羊公之有德。』」

The Jin yangqiu says, "There was a writ against Yifu's father Yi and he was about to lose his office. Yifu, at seventeen, saw his adoptive uncle Yang Hu and set out the state of the matter, and his words were most fine and impressive. Yang Hu did not agree with him, and Yifu shook out his robe and rose. Yang Hu looked at his guests and said, 'This man will surely hold a great place in the age on a mighty name, yet the one who will ruin custom and harm good teaching is surely this man too.'" The Han Jin chunqiu says, "At first Yang Hu had wished to behead Wang Rong under military law, and Yifu too resented Yang Hu's saying that he would surely come to ruin, so they did not hold each other in regard. The realm said of it, 'With the two Wangs at court, no one in the age dares call Lord Yang virtuous.'"

《晉陽秋》曰：「潘滔字陽仲，滎陽人，太常尼從子也。有文學才識。永嘉末，爲河南尹，遇害。」《漢晉春秋》曰：「初，王夷甫言東海王越，轉王敦爲揚州。潘滔初爲太傅長史，言於太傅曰：『王處仲蜂目已露，豺聲未發，今樹之江外，肆其豪彊之心，是賊之也。』」《晉陽秋》曰：「敦爲太子舍人，與滔同僚，故有此言。」習孫二説，便小遷異。《春秋傳》曰：「楚令尹子上謂世子商臣，蜂目而豺聲，忍人也。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Pan Tao's courtesy name was Yangzhong; he was a man of Xingyang and the nephew of Pan Ni, the chamberlain for ceremonials. He had letters, learning, talent, and discernment. At the end of the Yongjia years he was intendant of Henan, and he met with harm." The Han Jin chunqiu says, "At first Wang Yifu spoke to Sima Yue, prince of Donghai, and had Wang Dun moved to Yangzhou. Pan Tao, newly made Chief Clerk to the grand mentor, said to the grand mentor, 'Wang Chuzhong's bee eyes are already showing, and his jackal voice has not yet come out. To plant him now beyond the river and let him give free rein to his bold and violent heart is to nurse a brigand.'" The Jin yangqiu says, "Wang Dun was a retainer of the heir apparent and a colleague of Pan Tao, and that is why there was this saying." The two accounts, Xi's and Sun's, differ a little from each other. The Chunqiu zhuan says, "Zishang, chief minister of Chu, said of the heir apparent Shangchen that he had bee eyes and a jackal voice and was a cruel man."

《石勒傳》曰：「勒字世龍，上黨武鄕人，匈奴之苗裔也。雄勇好騎射。晉元康中，流宕山東，與平原茌平人師歡家庸，耳恆聞鼓角鞞鐸之音，勒私異之。初，勒鄕里原上地中生石日長，類鐵騎之象。國中生人參，葩葉甚盛。於時父老相者皆云：『此胡體貌奇異，有不可知。』勸邑人厚遇之，人多哂而不信。永嘉初，豪傑並起，與胡王陽等十八騎詣汲桑，爲左前督。桑敗，共推勒爲主。攻下州縣，都於襄國。後僭正號，死，諡明皇帝。」

The Shi Le zhuan says, "Le's courtesy name was Shilong; he was a man of Wuxiang in Shangdang and a descendant of the Xiongnu. He was bold and brave and loved riding and shooting. In the Yuankang years of Jin he drifted about east of the mountains and worked for hire in the household of Shi Huan, a man of Chiping in Pingyuan. His ears always heard the sound of drums, horns, and bells, and Le privately thought it strange. Earlier, in the ground of the hill by Le's home village, a stone grew longer by the day in the likeness of armored horsemen, and ginseng came up in that country with flowers and leaves very lush. At the time the elders and the readers of faces all said, 'This Hu has a strange and uncommon body and face, and there is something in him that cannot be known,' and they urged the townsmen to treat him well, but most people laughed and did not believe it. At the beginning of the Yongjia years, when bold men rose on every side, he went with the Hu king Yang and the rest, eighteen riders in all, to Ji Sang and became commander of the left van. When Sang was broken, they together raised Le up as their lord. He took the provinces and counties and made his capital at Xiangguo. Later he usurped the title of ruler, and when he died his posthumous name was Emperor Ming."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「勒手不能書，目不識字，毎於軍中令人誦讀，聽之，皆解其意。」《漢書》曰：「項羽急圍漢王於滎陽，漢王與酈食其謀撓楚權。食其勸立六國後，王令趣刻印。張良入諫，以爲不可。輟食吐哺駡酈生曰：『豎儒幾敗乃公事！』趣令銷印。」

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "Le's hand could not write and his eye did not know characters, so in camp he always had men recite books aloud, and whenever he listened he grasped their meaning." The Han shu says, "Xiang Yu pressed the king of Han hard in the siege of Xingyang, and the king of Han plotted with Li Yiji to break Chu's power. Yiji urged setting up the heirs of the six states, and the king had the seals cut at once. Zhang Liang came in and remonstrated, holding that it could not be done. The king stopped eating, spat out his food, and cursed Master Li: 'You petty scholar, you all but ruined your elder's undertaking!' and hurriedly had the seals melted down."

《晉諸公贊》曰：「瓘字伯玉，河東安邑人。少以明識淸允稱。傅嘏極貴重之，謂之甯武子。仕至太保，爲楚王瑋所害。」《玠別傳》曰：「玠有虚令之秀，淸勝之氣，在群伍之中，有異人之望。祖太保見玠五歳曰：『此兒神爽聰令，與衆大異，恐吾年老，不及見爾。』」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Guan's courtesy name was Boyu; he was a man of Anyi in Hedong. In his youth he was spoken of for his clear discernment and his pure honesty. Fu Gu valued him most highly and called him a Ning Wuzi. He served up to grand guardian and met with harm at the hands of Sima Wei, prince of Chu." The Jie biezhuan says, "Jie had the beauty of an open nature and an air of pure excellence, and among his fellows he had the look of a man apart. His grandfather the grand guardian saw Jie at five and said, 'This boy's spirit is bright and his wits are fine, and he is quite unlike the rest. I fear I am old in years and shall not live to see it.'"

虞預《晉書》曰：「華軼字彦夏，平原人，魏太尉歆曾孫也。累遷江州刺史。傾心下士，甚得士歡心。以不從元皇命見誅。」《漢晉春秋》曰：「劉琨知軼必敗，謂其自取之也。」

Yu Yu's Jin shu says, "Hua Yi's courtesy name was Yanxia; he was a man of Pingyuan and the great-grandson of Hua Xin, Grand Commandant of Wei. Through one post after another he rose to Inspector of Jiangzhou. He bent his heart to humble himself before gentlemen and won their hearts entirely. Because he did not follow Emperor Yuan's command he was put to death." The Han Jin chunqiu says, "Liu Kun knew Yi would surely come to ruin and said that he had brought it on himself."

《文士傳》曰：「張翰字季鷹。父儼，呉大鴻臚。翰有淸才美望，博學善屬文，造次立成，辭義淸新。大司馬齊王冏辟爲東曹掾。翰謂同郡顧榮曰：『天下紛紛未已，夫有四海之名者，求退良難。吾本山林間人，無望於時久矣。子善以明防前，以智慮後。』榮捉其手，愴然曰：『吾亦與子採南山蕨，飲三江水爾！』翰以疾歸，府以輙去除吏名。性至孝，遭母艱，哀毀過禮。自以年宿，不營當世，以疾終於家。」

The Wenshi zhuan says, "Zhang Han's courtesy name was Jiying. His father Yan was chamberlain for dependencies in Wu. Han had pure talent and a fine repute; he was widely learned and good at composition, finishing a piece on the spur of the moment, and his words and his sense were clear and fresh. Sima Jiong, prince of Qi and grand marshal, called him to be an aide of the eastern bureau. Han said to Gu Rong of his own commandery, 'The confusion of the realm has not yet ended. For a man with a name within the four seas it is truly hard to seek release. I was from the first a man of the hills and woods, and I have long had no hopes of the age. Use your clear sight to guard what lies ahead and your wisdom to reckon what comes after.' Gu Rong took his hand and said sadly, 'I too will gather bracken on the southern hills and drink the water of the three rivers with you.' Han went home pleading illness, and the office struck his name from the clerks for leaving without warning. He was most filial by nature, and when he lost his mother his grief wasted him beyond what the rites allow. Reckoning himself advanced in years, he took no part in the affairs of the age, and he died of illness at home."

《中興書》曰：「恢避難過江，與潁川荀道明、陳留蔡道明倶有名譽，號曰『中興三明』。時人爲之語曰：『京都三明各有名，蔡氏儒雅荀葛淸。』」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Hui fled the troubles and crossed the river, and with Xun Daoming of Yingchuan and Cai Daoming of Chenliu he had name and praise; they were called the 'three Mings of the restoration.' People of the time said of them, 'The three Mings of the capital each have a name: the Cai is cultivated and refined, the Xun and the Zhuge are pure.'"

《語林》曰：「丞相拜司空，諸葛道明在公坐，指冠冕曰：『君當復著此。』」

The Yulin says, "When the chancellor was appointed minister of works, Zhuge Daoming was sitting with him, pointed to the cap and the crown, and said, 'You are to wear this again.'"

《晉諸公贊》曰：「王玄字眉子，夷甫子也。東海王越辟爲掾，後行陳留太守。大行威罰，爲塢人所害。」

The Jin zhugong zan says, "Wang Xuan's courtesy name was Meizi; he was Yifu's son. Sima Yue, prince of Donghai, called him to be an aide, and later he acted as grand administrator of Chenliu. He dealt out awe and punishment heavily and met with harm at the hands of the fort people."

《晉百官名》曰：「朗字世彦，弘農人。」《楊氏譜》曰：「朗祖囂，典軍校尉。父淮，冀州刺史。」王隱《晉書》曰：「朗有器識才量，善能當世。仕至雍州刺史。」

The Jin baiguan ming says, "Lang's courtesy name was Shiyan; he was a man of Hongnong." The Yang shi pu says, "Lang's grandfather Xiao was colonel of the army in charge, and his father Huai was Inspector of Jizhou." Wang Yin's Jin shu says, "Lang had capacity, discernment, talent, and measure, and he suited the age well. He served up to Inspector of Yongzhou."

鄧粲《晉紀》曰：「阿奴，嵩之弟周謨也。」三周並已見。

Deng Can's Jin ji says, "A'nu was Song's younger brother Zhou Mo." The three Zhous have all appeared already.

《晉陽秋》曰：「應字安期，含子也。敦無子，養爲嗣，以爲武衞將軍，用爲副貳，伏誅。」

The Jin yangqiu says, "Ying's courtesy name was Anqi; he was Han's son. Dun had no son and raised him as his heir, made him general of the martial guard, and used him as his second. He was put to death."

《王彬別傳》曰：「彬字世儒，琅邪人。祖覽，父正，並有名德。彬爽氣出儕類，有雅正之韻。與元帝姨兄弟，佐佑皇業，累遷侍中。從兄敦下石頭，害周伯仁，彬與顗素善，往哭其屍，甚慟。既而見敦，敦怪其有慘容而問之。答曰：『向哭周伯仁，情不能已。』敦曰：『伯仁自致刑戮，汝復何爲者哉？』彬曰：『伯仁淸譽之士，有何罪？』因數敦曰：『抗旌犯上，殺戮忠良！』音辭慷慨，與涙倶下。敦怒甚。丞相在坐，代爲之解，命彬曰：『拜謝。』彬曰：『有足疾。比來見天子尚不能拜，何跪之有？』敦曰：『腳疾何如頸疾？』以親故不害之。累遷江州刺史、左僕射。贈衞將軍。」

The Wang Bin biezhuan says, "Bin's courtesy name was Shiru; he was a man of Langye. His grandfather Lan and his father Zheng both had name and virtue. Bin's bracing spirit stood out from his fellows, and he had a note of refinement and rectitude. He was a cousin of Emperor Yuan on the mother's side, he aided the imperial cause, and through one post after another he rose to palace attendant. When his elder cousin Dun came down to Shitou and killed Zhou Boren, Bin, who had always been on good terms with Yi, went to wail over the body and grieved bitterly. When he then saw Dun, Dun thought his stricken face strange and asked about it. He answered, 'I have just been wailing for Zhou Boren, and I could not stop my feelings.' Dun said, 'Boren brought execution on himself. What is it to you?' Bin said, 'Boren was a gentleman of pure repute. What crime had he?' and thereupon he reproached Dun: 'You raised your banner against your sovereign and slaughtered the loyal and the good!' His voice and his words were full of passion, and his tears came down with them. Dun was very angry. The chancellor was sitting there and tried to smooth it over for him, and he told Bin, 'Bow and beg pardon.' Bin said, 'I have an ailing foot. Of late I cannot bow even before the Son of Heaven. What kneeling can there be?' Dun said, 'How does an ailing foot compare with an ailing neck?' Because they were kin he did not harm him. Through one post after another he rose to Inspector of Jiangzhou and vice director of the left, and he was granted the title general of the guard."

《傳》曰：「舒字處明，琅邪人。祖覽，知名。父會，御史。舒器業簡素，有文武榦。中宗用爲北中郎將、荊州刺史、尚書僕射。出爲會稽太守。以父名會，累表自陳。討蘇峻有功，封彭澤侯，贈車騎大將軍。」

The Zhuan says, "Shu's courtesy name was Chuming; he was a man of Langye. His grandfather Lan was known by name, and his father Hui was a censor. Shu's capacity and his undertakings were plain and simple, and he had both civil and military ability. Zhongzong used him as general of the household of the north, Inspector of Jingzhou, and vice director of the secretariat. He went out as grand administrator of Kuaiji, and since his father's name was Hui he sent up memorial after memorial to plead his case. He had merit in the campaign against Su Jun, he was enfeoffed as marquis of Pengze, and he was granted the title great general of chariots and cavalry."

含之投舒，舒遣軍逆之，含父子赴水死。昔酈寄賣友見譏，況販兄弟以求安，舒非人矣！

When Han went to Shu, Shu sent troops to meet him, and Han and his son threw themselves into the water and died. In old days Li Ji was blamed for selling his friend. How much worse to traffic in one's own kin to buy safety. Shu was no man.

《嘉別傳》曰：「嘉字萬年，江夏鄳人。曾祖父宗，呉司空。祖父揖，晉廬陵太守。宗葬武昌陽新縣，子孫家焉。嘉少以淸操知名。太尉庾亮領江州，辟嘉部廬陵從事。下都還，亮引問風俗得失。對曰：『待還，當問從事吏。』亮舉麈尾掩口而笑，語弟翼曰：『孟嘉故是盛德人。』轉勸學從事。太傅褚裒有器識，亮正旦大會，裒問亮：『聞江州有孟嘉，何在？』亮曰：『在坐，卿但自覓。』裒歴觀久之，指嘉曰：『將無是乎？』亮欣然而笑，喜裒得嘉，奇嘉爲裒所得，乃益器之。後爲征西桓温參軍，九月九日温遊龍山，參寮畢集，時佐史並著戎服，風吹嘉帽墮落，温戒左右勿言，以觀其舉止。嘉初不覺，良久如廁，命取還之。令孫盛作文嘲之，成，著嘉坐。嘉還即答，四坐嗟歎。嘉喜酣暢，愈多不亂。温問：『酒有何好？而卿嗜之。』嘉曰：『明公未得酒中趣爾。』又問：『聽伎，絲不如竹，竹不如肉，何也？』答曰：『漸近自然。』轉從事中郎，遷長史。年五十三而卒。」

The Jia biezhuan says, "Jia's courtesy name was Wannian; he was a man of Meng in Jiangxia. His great-grandfather Zong was minister of works in Wu, and his grandfather Yi was grand administrator of Luling under Jin. Zong was buried in Yangxin county at Wuchang, and his descendants made their home there. Jia was known in his youth for his pure conduct. When the Grand Commandant Yu Liang took charge of Jiangzhou, he called Jia and posted him as officer for Luling. When Jia came back from a journey to the capital, Liang drew him out and asked about the good and the bad of local custom. He answered, 'Wait until I am back; you should ask the officer's clerk.' Liang raised his chowry to cover his mouth and laughed, and he said to his younger brother Yi, 'Meng Jia is indeed a man of full virtue,' and he moved him to officer for the encouragement of learning. The grand mentor Chu Pou had capacity and discernment. At Liang's great gathering on New Year's Day, Pou asked Liang, 'I hear there is a Meng Jia in Jiangzhou. Where is he?' Liang said, 'He is in the company; only look for him yourself.' Pou went over them all for a long while, then pointed at Jia and said, 'Would this not be he?' Liang laughed with pleasure, glad that Pou had found Jia and thinking it remarkable that Jia had been found by Pou, and he valued him the more. Later he was adjutant to Huan Wen, the general who conquers the west. On the ninth day of the ninth month Wen went out to Longshan and all his staff and officers were gathered, and the aides and clerks all wore military dress. The wind blew Jia's cap off, and Wen warned those about him to say nothing, so as to watch how he would behave. Jia did not notice at first, and after a good while he went out to the privy, and Wen had the cap picked up and put back for him. He had Sun Sheng write a piece making fun of him, and when it was done he set it on Jia's seat. Jia came back and answered at once, and the whole company sighed in admiration. Jia was glad to drink deep, and the more he drank the less disordered he became. Wen asked, 'What is good about wine, that you are so fond of it?' Jia said, 'Your Excellency has simply not yet got at what lies within wine.' He asked again, 'In listening to music, strings are not equal to pipes and pipes are not equal to the voice. Why is that?' He answered, 'Each is a step nearer to what is natural.' He moved to be officer of the household staff and then Chief Clerk. He died at fifty-three."

《續晉陽秋》曰：「逵善圖畫，窮巧丹靑也。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Kui was good at painting and exhausted the skill of red and blue."

《中興書》曰：「浩棲遲積年，累聘不至。」

The Zhongxing shu says, "Hao lived apart for years, and though summoned again and again he would not come."

園客，爰之小字也。《庾氏譜》曰：「爰之字仲眞，翼第二子。」《中興書》曰：「爰之有父翼風，桓温徙於豫章。年三十六而卒。」

Yuanke was Yu Yuanzhi's childhood name. The Yu shi pu says, "Yuanzhi's courtesy name was Zhongzhen; he was Yi's second son." The Zhongxing shu says, "Yuanzhi had his father Yi's air. Huan Wen moved him to Yuzhang. He died at thirty-six."

《陶侃別傳》曰：「庾翼薨，表其子爰之代爲荊州。何充曰：『陶公重勳也，臨終髙讓。丞相未薨，敬豫爲四品將軍，於今不改。親則道恩，優遊散騎，未有超卓若此之授。』乃以徐州刺史桓温爲安西將軍、荊州刺史。」宋明帝《文章志》曰：「翼表其子代任，朝廷畏憚之，議者欲以授桓温。時簡文輔政，然之。劉惔曰：『温去必能定西楚，然恐不能復制。願大王自鎭上流，惔請爲從軍司馬。』簡文不許。温後果如惔所算也。」

The Tao Kan biezhuan says, "When Yu Yi died he memorialized that his son Yuanzhi should take his place as Jingzhou. He Chong said, 'Lord Tao's merit was weighty, yet at his death he yielded his place nobly. Before the chancellor died, Jingyu was a general of the fourth rank, and he has not been raised to this day. As for kinship, Dao'en idles at ease among the cavaliers. There has never been so extraordinary a grant as this.' Then Huan Wen, Inspector of Xuzhou, was made general who pacifies the west and Inspector of Jingzhou." Emperor Ming of Song's Wenzhang zhi says, "Yi memorialized that his son should take over his charge, and the court was afraid of him, and those who discussed it wished to give the place to Huan Wen. At that time Jianwen was assisting in the government and he agreed to it. Liu Tan said, 'If Wen goes he will surely settle the western Chu, but I fear he could not be held in check again. I would have Your Highness hold the upper river yourself, and I ask to be marshal of the army under you.' Jianwen did not allow it. Wen afterward turned out just as Tan had reckoned."

《華陽國志》曰：「李勢字子仁，洛陽臨渭人。本巴西宕渠賨人也。其先李特，因晉亂據蜀，特子雄，稱號成都。勢祖驤，特弟也。驤生壽，壽篡位自立，勢即壽子也。晉安西將軍伐蜀，勢歸降，遷之揚州。自起至亡，六世三十七年。」《温別傳》曰：「初，朝廷以蜀處險遠，而温衆寡少，縣軍深入，甚以憂懼。而温直指成都，李勢面縛。」《語林》曰：「劉尹見桓公毎嬉戲必取勝，謂曰：『卿乃爾好利，何不焦頭？』及伐蜀，故有此言。」

The Huayang guozhi says, "Li Shi's courtesy name was Ziren; he was a man of Linwei in Luoyang. He was really of the Cong people of Dangqu in Baxi. His forebear Li Te took Shu when Jin fell into disorder, and Te's son Xiong took a title at Chengdu. Shi's grandfather Xiang was Te's younger brother. Xiang begot Shou, and Shou seized the throne and set himself up, and Shi was Shou's son. When the Jin general who pacifies the west attacked Shu, Shi came over and surrendered and was moved to Yangzhou. From their rise to their fall was six generations and thirty-seven years." The Wen biezhuan says, "At first the court was much troubled and afraid, since Shu lay in a steep and distant place while Wen's force was small and went deep as a lone army. Yet Wen made straight for Chengdu, and Li Shi had himself bound with his face to the front." The Yulin says, "The intendant Liu, seeing that Lord Huan had to win whenever he played, said to him, 'You are so fond of gain. Why not scorch your head?' When it came to the attack on Shu, that is why there was this saying."

宋明帝《文章志》曰：「安縱心事外，踈略常節，毎畜女妓，攜持遊肆也。」

Emperor Ming of Song's Wenzhang zhi says, "An let his mind go beyond affairs and was loose about the usual bounds, and whenever he kept women musicians he took them along and roamed at his ease."

車頻《秦書》曰：「苻堅字永固，武都氐人也。本姓蒲，祖父洪，詐稱讖文，改曰『符』。言已當王，應符命也。堅初生，有赤光流其室，及誕，背赤色隱起，若篆文。幼有美度，石虎司隸徐正名知人，堅六歳時，嘗戲於路，正見而異焉，問曰：『符郎！此官街，小兒行戲，不畏縛邪？』堅曰：『吏縛有罪，不縛小兒。』正謂左右曰：『此兒有王霸相。』石氏亂，伯父健及父雄西入關，健夢天神使者朱衣冠，拜肩頭爲龍驤將軍。肩頭，堅小字也。健即拜爲龍驤，以應神命。後健僭帝號。死，子生立，凶暴，群臣殺之而立堅。堅立十五年，遣長樂公丕攻沒襄陽。十九年，大興師伐晉，衆號百萬，水陸倶進，次於項城。自項城至長安，連旗千里，首尾不絶。乃遣告晉曰：『已爲晉君於長安城中建廣夏之室，今故大舉渡江相迎，克日入宅也。』」

Che Pin's Qin shu says, "Fu Jian's courtesy name was Yonggu; he was a Di of Wudu. His surname was originally Pu, and his grandfather Hong falsely claimed a prophetic text and changed it to 'Fu,' saying that he himself was to be king and answered to the tally of the mandate. When Jian was born a red light flowed through the room, and at his birth a red color stood raised on his back like seal script. As a child he had a fine bearing. Xu Zheng, metropolitan commandant under Shi Hu, had a name for knowing men, and when Jian was six he was once playing in the road. Zheng saw him and thought him out of the common, and asked, 'Master Fu! This is an official street. Playing here as a child, are you not afraid of being tied up?' Jian said, 'Clerks tie up the guilty; they do not tie up children.' Zheng said to those about him, 'This boy has the look of a king and a hegemon.' When the house of Shi fell into disorder, his uncle Jian and his father Xiong went west into the passes, and his uncle Jian dreamed that a messenger of the god of heaven in red robe and cap appointed Jiantou general of the soaring dragon. Jiantou was Fu Jian's childhood name. His uncle at once appointed him general of the soaring dragon, to answer the god's command. Later his uncle usurped the title of emperor, and when he died his son Sheng took the throne. Sheng was cruel and violent, and the officials killed him and set Jian up. In the fifteenth year after Jian was set up he sent Pi, duke of Changle, to attack and take Xiangyang. In the nineteenth year he raised a great host to attack Jin. His men were said to be a million, and they advanced by water and by land together and halted at Xiangcheng. From Xiangcheng to Chang'an the banners ran on for a thousand li, head and tail unbroken. He then sent word to Jin: 'We have already built a great mansion for the lord of Jin inside the walls of Chang'an. Now we are crossing the river in force to welcome him, and the day is fixed for his entering the house.'"

《中興書》曰：「於時氐賊彊盛，朝議求文武良將可鎭靖北方者。衞大將軍安曰：『唯兄子玄可任此事。』中書郎郗超聞而歎曰：『安違衆舉親，明也。玄必不負其舉。』」

The Zhongxing shu says, "At that time the Di brigands were strong and flourishing, and the court sought in counsel a good general, civil and military, who could hold and quiet the north. An, the great general of the guard, said, 'Only my brother's son Xuan can take on this task.' The secretariat gentleman Xi Chao heard it and sighed, 'An has gone against the many and put forward his own kin, and that is clear sight. Xuan will surely not fail the recommendation.'"

《續晉陽秋》曰：「玄識局貞正，有經國之才略。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Xuan's discernment and capacity were upright and correct, and he had the talent and the judgment to order a state."

期生，褚爽小字也。《續晉陽秋》曰：「爽字茂弘，河南人。太傅裒之孫，祕書監韶之子。太傅謝安見其少時，歎曰：『若期生不佳，我不復論士。』及長，果俊邁有風氣。好《老》《莊》之言，當世榮譽，弗之屑也。唯與殷仲堪善。累遷中書郎、義興太守。女爲恭帝皇后。」

Qisheng was Chu Shuang's childhood name. The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Shuang's courtesy name was Maohong; he was a man of Henan, the grandson of the grand mentor Pou and the son of Shao, director of the palace library. The grand mentor Xie An saw him when he was young and sighed, 'If Qisheng does not turn out well, I shall never discuss gentlemen again.' When he grew up he was indeed outstanding and fine and had an air and a spirit of his own. He loved the words of the Laozi and the Zhuangzi and thought nothing of the glory and praise of the age. He was on good terms only with Yin Zhongkan. Through one post after another he rose to secretariat gentleman and grand administrator of Yixing. His daughter became empress to Emperor Gong."

《傅氏譜》曰：「瑗字叔玉，北地靈州人。歴護軍長史、安城太守。」《宋書》曰：「迪字長猷，瑗長子也。位至五兵尚書。贈太常。」丘淵之《文章録》曰：「亮字季友，迪弟也。歴尚書令，仕光祿大夫。元嘉三年，以罪伏誅。」

The Fu shi pu says, "Yuan's courtesy name was Shuyu; he was a man of Lingzhou in Beidi. He served as Chief Clerk of the army guard and as grand administrator of Ancheng." The Song shu says, "Di's courtesy name was Changyou; he was Yuan's eldest son. He rose to secretariat officer of the five arms and was granted the title chamberlain for ceremonials." Qiu Yuanzhi's Wenzhang lu says, "Liang's courtesy name was Jiyou; he was Di's younger brother. He served as Director of the Department of State Affairs and held office as grandee of the palace. In the third year of Yuanjia he was put to death for a crime."

恭父蘊、王忱，並已見。

Gong's father Yun and Wang Chen have both appeared already.

忱與恭爲王緒所閒，終成怨隙。別見。

Chen and Gong were set against each other by Wang Xu, and in the end they came to resentment and a rift. This appears elsewhere.

《續晉陽秋》曰：「胤字武子，南平人。父育，爲郡主簿。太守王胡之有知人識，裁見，謂其父曰：『此兒當成卿門戸，宜資令學問。』胤就業恭勤，博覽不倦。家貧不常得油，夏月則練囊盛數十螢火以繼日焉。及長，風姿美劭，機悟敏率。桓温在荊州取爲從事，一歳至治中。胤既博學多聞，又善於激賞，當時毎有盛坐，胤必同之，皆云：『無車公不樂。』太傅謝公遊集之日，開筵以待之。累遷丹陽尹、護軍將軍、吏部尚書。」

The Xu Jin yangqiu says, "Yin's courtesy name was Wuzi; he was a man of Nanping. His father Yu was Recorder of the commandery. The grand administrator Wang Huzhi had discernment in knowing men, and at the barest sight of him he said to his father, 'This boy will make your house. You should help him to his studies.' Yin went to his lessons with respect and diligence and was tireless in wide reading. His house was poor and he could not always get oil, so in the summer months he put a few tens of fireflies in a silk bag to carry on from the daylight. When he grew up his bearing was handsome and fine, and he was quick to understand and ready in speech. Huan Wen took him in Jingzhou as an officer, and within a year he rose to aide-in-chief. Yin was widely learned and had heard much, and he was good at praise and encouragement, so whenever there was a grand gathering at the time Yin was sure to be there, and they all said, 'Without Lord Che there is no pleasure.' On the days when the grand mentor Lord Xie went out or held a gathering, he set out the mats to wait for him. Through one post after another he rose to intendant of Danyang, general of the guard of the army, and Master of Writing for the Ministry of Personnel."

《晉安帝紀》曰：「孝武深爲晏駕後計，擢仲堪代王忱爲荊州。仲堪雖有美譽，議者未以方嶽相許也。既受腹心之任，居上流之重，議者謂其殆矣。終爲桓玄所敗。」

The Jin An di ji says, "Emperor Xiaowu laid deep plans for after his own death and raised Zhongkan up to replace Wang Chen in Jingzhou. Though Zhongkan had a fine repute, those who discussed it did not yet grant him a great regional command. Once he had received the charge of a trusted intimate and held the weight of the upper river, those who discussed it said he was in peril. In the end he was brought down by Huan Xuan."