Eastern Okjeo東沃沮
1Eastern Okjeo — the taxes it carries to Goguryeo
東沃沮在高句麗蓋馬大山之東，濱大海而居。其地形東北狹，西南長，可千里，北與挹婁、夫餘，南與濊貊接。戶五千，無大君王，世世邑落，各有長帥。其言語與句麗大同，時時小異。漢初，燕亡人衛滿王朝鮮，時沃沮皆屬焉。漢武帝元封二年，伐朝鮮，殺滿孫右渠，分其地爲四郡，以沃沮城爲玄菟郡。後爲夷貊所侵，徙郡句麗西北，今所謂玄菟故府是也。沃沮還屬樂浪。漢以土地廣遠，在單單大領之東，分置東部都尉，治不耐城，別主領東七縣，時沃沮亦皆爲縣。漢（光）武六年，省邊郡，都尉由此罷。其後皆以其縣中渠帥爲縣侯，不耐、華麗、沃沮諸縣皆爲侯國。夷狄更相攻伐，唯不耐濊侯至今猶置功曹、主簿諸曹，皆濊民作之。沃沮諸邑落渠帥，皆自稱三老，則故縣國之制也。國小，迫於大國之間，遂臣屬句麗。句麗復置其中大人爲使者，使相主領，又使大加統責其租稅，貊布、魚、鹽、海中食物，千里擔負致之，又送其美女以爲婢妾，遇之如奴僕。
Eastern Okjeo lies east of the great mountain Gaema (蓋馬大山) in Goguryeo, and its people live along the great sea. The shape of the land is narrow at the northeast and long at the southwest, about a thousand li. It borders Eumnu and Buyeo on the north and Yemaek on the south. Its households are five thousand. There is no great king, and from age to age each settlement has its own jangsu (長帥). Their language is much the same as that of Goguryeo, though here and there it differs a little.
At the beginning of Han, when Wiman, a man who had fled from Yan, held kingship in Joseon, Okjeo all belonged to him. In the second year of Yuanfeng under Emperor Wu of Han, Joseon was struck and Ugeo, the grandson of Wiman, was killed, and the land was divided into four commanderies, and the fortress of Okjeo was made the commandery of Hyeondo. Later it was invaded by the Yi and the Maek (夷貊), and the commandery was moved to the northwest of Goguryeo, and this is what is now called the old seat of Hyeondo (玄菟故府). Okjeo went back to belonging to Nangnang.
The Han, saying that the land was wide and far off and lay east of the great ridge of Dandan (單單大領), set up a separate Commandant of the Eastern Section to govern from the fortress of Bullae (不耐城) and to hold the seven counties east of the ridge (領東) apart from the rest, and at that time Okjeo too was all made into counties. In the sixth year of Emperor Guangwu of Han the border commanderies were reduced, and the Commandant was done away with for that reason.
After that the chieftains of those counties were all made Marquises of the counties (縣侯), and Bullae and Hwaryeo and Okjeo and the other counties all became marquisates. The Yi and the Di struck at one another, and only the Marquis of Bullae in Ye (不耐濊侯) still keeps to this day a Merit Officer and a jubu and the other bureaus (曹), and all of these are held by people of Ye (濊). The chieftains of the settlements of Okjeo all call themselves samno (三老), which is the old system of the counties and kingdoms (縣國).
The country is small and is pressed between great countries, and in the end it became a vassal of Goguryeo. Goguryeo in turn made great men from among them into saja, to hold and lead one another, and set a daega to levy all their taxes, so that Maek cloth (貊布) and fish and salt and the food of the sea were carried a thousand li and delivered. They also sent their beautiful women to be maids and concubines, and they were treated like servants.
2The land is rich, and they fight on foot
其土地肥美，背山向海，宜五穀，善田種。人性質直強勇，少牛馬，便持矛步戰。食飲居處，衣服禮節，有似句麗。
The land is rich and good. It has the mountains at its back and faces the sea, it suits the five grains, and they are good at plowing and sowing. The people are plain and straight in nature, strong and brave. They have few oxen and horses, and they are practiced in taking up the spear and fighting on foot. In their eating and drinking, their dwellings, their clothing and their manners there is much that is like Goguryeo.
3The whole household shares one outer coffin
《魏略》曰：其嫁娶之法，女年十歲，已相設許。婿家迎之，長養以爲婦。至成人，更還女家。女家責錢，錢畢，乃復還婿。其葬作大木槨，長十餘丈，開一頭作戶。新死者皆假埋之，才使覆形，皮肉盡，乃取骨置槨中。舉家皆共一槨，刻木如生形，隨死者爲數。又有瓦䥶，置米其中，編縣之於槨戶邊。
The Wei lue (魏略) says: By their law of marriage, when a girl is ten years old the promise is already made and given. The son-in-law's house takes her in and raises her to be his wife, and when she is grown she is sent back again to her own house. The woman's house then asks a price in money, and when the money is all paid she is sent back again to the son-in-law.
For burial they make a great outer coffin of wood, more than a hundred feet (十餘丈) long, and they open one end of it to make a door. Those newly dead are all buried for a time, only enough to cover the body, and when the flesh and the skin are all gone they take the bones and put them inside the outer coffin. The whole household shares one outer coffin. They carve wood into the likeness of the living, and they make as many figures as there are dead. There is also an earthen pot, and they put rice inside it, tie it up, and hang it beside the door of the outer coffin.
4"Is there anyone further out, east of the sea?"
毌丘儉討句麗，句麗王宮奔沃沮，遂進師擊之。沃沮邑落皆破之，斬獲首虜三千餘級，宮奔北沃沮。北沃沮一名置溝婁，去南沃沮八百餘里，其俗南北皆同，與挹婁接。挹婁喜乘船寇鈔，北沃沮畏之，夏月恆在山岩深穴中爲守備，冬月冰凍，船道不通，乃下居村落。王頎別遣追討宮，盡其東界。問其耆老「海東復有人不」？耆老言國人嘗乘船捕魚，遭風見吹數十日，東得一島，上有人，言語不相曉，其俗常以七月取童女沈海。又言有一國亦在海中，純女無男。又說得一布衣，從海中浮出，其身如中（國）人衣，其兩袖長三丈。又得一破船，隨波出在海岸邊，有一人項中復有面，生得之，與語不相通，不食而死。其域皆在沃沮東大海中。
When Guanqiu Jian struck Goguryeo, Gung, king of Goguryeo, fled to Okjeo, and so the army went forward and struck it. The settlements of Okjeo were all broken, and the heads taken and the captives were more than three thousand. Gung fled to Northern Okjeo.
Northern Okjeo is also called Chiguru (置溝婁), and it is more than eight hundred li from Southern Okjeo. Their customs are the same in the north and in the south, and it borders Eumnu. The Eumnu like to take ship and rob and plunder, and Northern Okjeo fears them. In the summer months they stay always in deep caves in the mountain rocks and keep watch, and in the winter months, when the ice is frozen and the boat roads are closed, they come down and live in their villages.
Wang Qi sent a separate force to pursue Gung, and it went to the very end of their eastern border. He asked the old men there, "Is there anyone further out, east of the sea?"
The old men said that men of their country had once taken ship to fish and had met a wind, and were blown along for some tens of days, and eastward they came upon an island. There were people on it, but their speech could not be understood, and by their custom they always chose a young girl in the seventh month and sank her in the sea.
They said also that there is a country out in the sea where there are only women and no men.
They said also that a cloth garment had been found which floated up out of the sea. Its body was like the clothing of the people of China, but its two sleeves were thirty feet long.
A broken boat was also found, carried by the waves to the shore, and in it was a man who had another face in the middle of his neck. He was taken alive, but his speech could not be understood, and he would not eat and died.
All these lands are out in the great sea east of Okjeo.